Transcript Chapter Three: Supporting Details

ADVANCING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© 2010 Townsend Press
Unit Five: Chapter 30
• abrasive
• emulate
• admonish
• hierarchy
• antithesis
• incapacitate
• culmination
• prognosis
• docile
• tumult
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 abrasive
– adjective
• Pumice stone, a naturally abrasive substance, can be used for
rubbing away rough spots on the feet.
• Roz has an abrasive personality—critical and negative. She
always seems to rub people the wrong way.
Abrasive means
A. simple.
B. harsh.
C. common.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 abrasive
– adjective
• Pumice stone, a naturally abrasive substance, can be used for
rubbing away rough spots on the feet.
• Roz has an abrasive personality—critical and negative. She
always seems to rub people the wrong way.
Abrasive means
A. simple.
B. harsh.
C. common.
If pumice stone can rub away rough spots on the feet, it must be a
harsh or rough substance. If Roz is critical and negative and rubs
people the wrong way, she must have a harsh or irritating personality.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 admonish
– verb
• When the guide found the hikers deep in the woods but unhurt,
he admonished them for straying off the trail.
• Because the little girl had spent her entire allowance on candy,
her parents admonished her for wasting her money.
Admonish means
A. to lead.
B. to criticize.
C. to irritate.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 admonish
– verb
• When the guide found the hikers deep in the woods but unhurt,
he admonished them for straying off the trail.
• Because the little girl had spent her entire allowance on candy,
her parents admonished her for wasting her money.
Admonish means
A. to lead.
B. to criticize.
C. to irritate.
If the hikers strayed from the trail, the guide would caution or
criticize them when he found them. The little girl’s parents would
criticize or scold her for spending her entire allowance on candy.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 antithesis
– noun
• My taste in music is the antithesis of my brother’s. I like heavy
metal, played loud; he likes soft classical music.
• Pauline’s free-spirited second husband is the antithesis of her
first, who was a very timid and cautious man.
Antithesis means
A. the reverse.
B. something superior.
C. an imitation.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 antithesis
– noun
• My taste in music is the antithesis of my brother’s. I like heavy
metal, played loud; he likes soft classical music.
• Pauline’s free-spirited second husband is the antithesis of her
first, who was a very timid and cautious man.
Antithesis means
A. the reverse.
B. something superior.
C. an imitation.
A taste for heavy metal, played loud is the reverse of a taste for
soft classical music. A free-spirited man is the reverse of a timid
and cautious man.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 culmination
– noun
• For an actor or actress, receiving an Academy Award is often the
culmination of many years of effort, progressing from drama
school to bit parts to major roles.
• The Super Bowl is the culmination of the entire professional
football season. All the rivalries, victories, and defeats lead up to
this final contest.
Culmination means
A. a series.
B. a cause.
C. a final high point.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 culmination
– noun
• For an actor or actress, receiving an Academy Award is often the
culmination of many years of effort, progressing from drama
school to bit parts to major roles.
• The Super Bowl is the culmination of the entire professional
football season. All the rivalries, victories, and defeats lead up to
this final contest.
Culmination means
A. a series.
B. a cause.
C. a final high point.
The first item describes a progression from drama school to the final
high point of receiving an Academy Award. In the second item, the
words lead up to this final contest suggest that culmination means
“a final high point.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 docile
– adjective
• After only a month of obedience training, our uncontrollable puppy
calmed down, learned to pay attention to us, and became far more
docile.
• Drugs and even surgery have been used in mental hospitals to make
violent patients docile, so that they could be managed more easily.
Docile means
A. obedient.
B. strong.
C. curable.
A docile dog
Photo: US Navy
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 docile
– adjective
• After only a month of obedience training, our uncontrollable puppy
calmed down, learned to pay attention to us, and became far more
docile.
• Drugs and even surgery have been used in mental hospitals to make
violent patients docile, so that they could be managed more easily.
Docile means
A. obedient.
B. strong.
C. curable.
A docile dog
Photo: US Navy
If the puppy calmed down and
learned to pay attention, it became
obedient. If the violent patients could
be managed more easily, they must
have been made obedient.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 emulate
– verb
• Youngsters often want to emulate famous athletes. They train
almost as hard as the champions do, with dreams of someday
being as skilled as their heroes.
• Jessie has always tried to emulate her older sister; she tries hard
to do just as well as her sister—if not better—in school, at sports,
and in popularity.
Emulate means
A. to admire.
B. to imitate.
C. to submit to.
“It’s because I respect you
that I emulate you.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 emulate
– verb
• Youngsters often want to emulate famous athletes. They train
almost as hard as the champions do, with dreams of someday
being as skilled as their heroes.
• Jessie has always tried to emulate her older sister; she tries hard
to do just as well as her sister—if not better—in school, at sports,
and in popularity.
Emulate means
A. to admire.
B. to imitate.
C. to submit to.
“It’s because I respect you
that I emulate you.”
If youngsters train as hard as famous
athletes, they imitate them. If Jessie
tries hard to do just as well as her sister
in everything, she imitates her sister.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 hierarchy
– noun
• Eva soon learned that all requests and suggestions had to be
passed up through the levels of the company hierarchy. She
could communicate directly with her own boss, but not with the
boss’s boss—let alone with the company president.
• The armed forces are a clear example of a strict hierarchy.
Everyone has a specific rank and must follow the orders of those
Hierarchy means
whose rank is higher.
A. a ranked system.
B. a training system.
C. a large system.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 hierarchy
– noun
• Eva soon learned that all requests and suggestions had to be
passed up through the levels of the company hierarchy. She
could communicate directly with her own boss, but not with the
boss’s boss—let alone with the company president.
• The armed forces are a clear example of a strict hierarchy.
Everyone has a specific rank and must follow the orders of those
Hierarchy means
whose rank is higher.
A. a ranked system.
B. a training system.
C. a large system.
Both items describe a ranked system—one is a company and the
other is the military.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 incapacitate
– verb
• The lecture was canceled because the speaker was incapacitated
by the flu.
• My mother can’t tolerate alcohol. Even half a glass of wine
incapacitates her; all she can do is giggle for a while and then go
to sleep.
Incapacitate means
A. to irritate.
B. to be concerned with.
C. to disable.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 incapacitate
– verb
• The lecture was canceled because the speaker was incapacitated
by the flu.
• My mother can’t tolerate alcohol. Even half a glass of wine
incapacitates her; all she can do is giggle for a while and then go
to sleep.
Incapacitate means
A. to irritate.
B. to be concerned with.
C. to disable.
If the lecture was canceled, the speaker must have been disabled
by the flu. If all the mother can do is giggle and go to sleep, she is
disabled by the wine.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 prognosis
– noun
• Nathan’s operation went well. The surgeon’s prognosis is that
Nathan will fully recover.
• Unless something can be done to reduce global warming, the
prognosis for the environment will remain poor.
Prognosis means
A. a forecast.
B. an illness.
C. an organization.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 prognosis
– noun
• Nathan’s operation went well. The surgeon’s prognosis is that
Nathan will fully recover.
• Unless something can be done to reduce global warming, the
prognosis for the environment will remain poor.
Prognosis means
A. a forecast.
B. an illness.
C. an organization.
Once the surgery was completed, the surgeon would give a prediction
or forecast of Nathan’s recovery. The effects of global warming make
the forecast for the environment poor.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 tumult
– noun
• Spectators at a hockey match are often wild and noisy, and the
tumult becomes even greater during a “sudden-death” overtime.
• On New Year’s Eve, the tumult in Times Square reaches such
proportions that the crowd noise can be heard a mile away.
Tumult means
A. damage.
B. uproar.
C. friction.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 tumult
– noun
• Spectators at a hockey match are often wild and noisy, and the
tumult becomes even greater during a “sudden-death” overtime.
• On New Year’s Eve, the tumult in Times Square reaches such
proportions that the crowd noise can be heard a mile away.
Tumult means
A. damage.
B. uproar.
C. friction.
The words wild and noisy tell us that tumult must mean “uproar.” If the
crowd noise can be heard a mile away, a tumult must be an uproar.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
1. At the rock concert, the audience grew more and more
excited and out of control. There was such __________
that no one could hear the music.
2. I ruined a nonstick frying pan by using a(n) __________
cleanser on it—the surface rubbed right off.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
1. At the rock concert, the audience grew more and more
excited and out of control. There was such __________
tumult
that no one could hear the music.
The commotion of an out-of-control crowd would mask the music.
2. I ruined a nonstick frying pan by using an __________
abrasive
cleanser on it—the surface rubbed right off.
If the nonstick surface rubbed off, the person must have used a
harsh cleanser.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
3. The runner was _________(e)d by a sprained ankle and
had to miss the big race.
4. Wendell’s ideas about furniture are the __________ of mine.
He likes colonial maple, but I like ultramodern tubular steel.
5. The __________ of the Roman Catholic Church goes from the
parish priest up through bishops, archbishops, and cardinals,
to the Pope at the head.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
3. The runner was ____________
incapacitated by a sprained ankle and
had to miss the big race.
If the runner had to miss the race, the sprained ankle must have
disabled him or her
4. Wendell’s ideas about furniture are the __________
antithesis of mine.
He likes colonial maple, but I like ultramodern tubular steel.
Colonial maple and tubular steel show their ideas are the exact opposite.
5. The __________
hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church goes from the
parish priest up through bishops, archbishops, and cardinals,
to the Pope at the head.
The sentence describes the ranked system of authority in the Roman
Catholic Church.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
6. Mother _______(e)d us for spending too much money on
her birthday gift, but we could see that she was pleased.
7. The company is financially sick, and unless some changes
are made in top management, the __________ is poor—it
could go out of business.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
6. Mother __________
admonished us for spending too much money on
her birthday gift, but we could see that she was pleased.
Even though the mother was pleased, she would gently scold them
for spending too much money on the gift.
7. The company is financially sick, and unless some changes
are made in top management, the __________
prognosis is poor—it
could go out of business.
If the company could go out of business, the prediction of the
outcome is poor.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
8. In the prison movie, the convicts acted very _________
while planning a riot. The guards—who weren’t too bright—
kept congratulating the inmates on being so well-behaved.
9. In colonial America, many people believed in and feared
witches. Hysteria over “witch-hunting” reached its __________
in Salem, Massachusetts, where nineteen supposed witches
were put to death.
10. “If you want to _________ Elvis Presley, fine,” my mother
said. “But try to match his energy and warmth onstage—not
his self-destructiveness.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abrasive
B. admonish
C. antithesis
D. culmination E. docile
F. emulate
G. hierarchy
H. incapacitate
I. prognosis
J. tumult
8. In the prison movie, the convicts acted very _________
docile
while planning a riot. The guards—who weren’t too bright—
kept congratulating the inmates on being so well-behaved.
If the convicts seemed well-behaved, they must have been easy to handle.
9. In colonial America, many people believed in and feared
witches. Hysteria over “witch-hunting” reached its __________
culmination
in Salem, Massachusetts, where nineteen supposed witches
were put to death.
Salem is where the “witch-hunting” hysteria reached its final high point.
10. “If you want to _________
emulate Elvis Presley, fine,” my mother
said. “But try to match his energy and warmth onstage—not
his self-destructiveness.
The words try to match suggest a word meaning “imitate” is needed.