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Sustainable organization transformation through Inclusivity 09/08/08 Academy of Management California Most Promising Dissertation Presentation Rica Viljoen Specific contribution of this study (1) • Describe and Define the process of Inclusivity; • Present Inclusivity Framework; • Propose Inclusivity Transformational Strategy; • Expand diversity factors to include Diversity of Thought; • Reposition Inclusivity as radical transformational approach; • Present synthesis to unravel the essence of Inclusivity. Specific contribution of this study (2) • Describe theory as it emerged on factors that lead to Inclusivity; • Demystify “the BEING”-part of leadership through describing how to optimize the Energy in the System; • Present an interplay of organizational Development methods as ways to create Inclusivity; • Linking the climate that leadership creates to engagement of the workforce; • Proposing a systemic approach towards transformation – through equal importance of “the Doing” and “the Being”; and • Crossing the boundaries between different fields of study by integrating literature from various theoretical disciplines. Delimitations (Wolcott, 2002) The term of delimitations to describe what a thesis is not about: •This thesis is about process and not about content; •It is about synthesis and not analysis; •It is about qualitative research and not quantitative research; •The study is not about human resource processes but about organizational Development and Change processes; •It is not about strategic planning methods but about an interplay of organizational Development and Change methodologies; and •It is not about a mechanistic approach towards change but about an integrated systemic approach towards transformation. Research design – research onion Adapted from Saunders, Lewis and Thorndale (2003: 85) Research Philosophy Phenomenology Experiment Deductive Research Approach Survey Grounded Longitudinal Theory Literature analysis Survey Interviews Questionnaires Reflective diary Case Study Systems Thinking Research Methodology Focus Groups Observation Ethnography Abductive Cross-sectional Action Research Inductive Time-horizons Explanatory Research Data Collection methods Positivism Research – Data collection 1.1 Existing Theory Existing Theory - Literature study • In-depth literature study on – – – – • Explore diversity factors – – – – – • Diversity Culture Climate – especially climate of inclusivity organizational Development Methods World view Race, culture, gender Thought Personality Literature study on – – – Leadership Relationship between climate and leadership Leadership skill needed for new world of work Outcome of literature study: Inclusivity Framework Sustainability through Inclusivity - energy on all dimensions EQ Journey Dialoguing Storytelling Personality, Intelligences, world view, complexity handling ability, Diversity factors, Change Resilience Group dynamics, group formation, Self organising Individual Group Climate, culture, adaptability organization OD Interventions Appreciative Inquiry World Cafe The What Doing Engagement / Commitment Context: South Africa Africa Global Leadership How individuals change The Individu al Apathy Inclusivity The Team Being The organization How groups change Disconnect How organizations change The way: How we change Why we change New world of work Essence of Change New Sciences Nature of the world We change differently Diversity Operational definition of Inclusivity “…a radical organizational transformational methodology which aligns the doing and the being side of the organization around commonly defined principles and values, co-created by all. It is a systemic approach that focuses on underlying beliefs and assumptions and challenges patterns in the individual group and organizational psyche, to spend energy and engage in a sustainable, inclusive manner with the purpose to achieve shared consciousness.” Focus of presentation Outline of research design Introduction Data Gathering 1.1 Existing Theory Data analysis through Qualitative Methodologies 2.1 Grounded Theory Research Design 1.2 Case Study 1.3 In depth interviews 2.2 Post intervention investigation 1.4 Focus groups 2.3 Phenomenology 2.4 Content Analysis Inclusivity Framework Testing Phase Research Questions Adapted Inclusivity Framework Conclusions and recommendations Limitations of study Identification of Future research Purpose of Research A qualitative study was undertaken with the purpose to: - Determine the sustainability of the Inclusivity Transformational strategy; - Elaborate on and/or modify the Inclusivity Framework that materialised through the literature study; and ultimately - Contribute to organizational CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT theory by building theory on the topic of Inclusivity. Context Case Study During 2002-2005 a successful transformational strategy was implemented in the case organization. The process of Inclusivity as defined by the operational definition and described by the Inclusivity Transformational strategy was implemented. It is now almost six years after the initial transformational strategy were implemented and five years after the majority (80%) of interventions took place. The last intervention that formed part of the initial design took place three years ago. Inclusivity Transformational Process Optimal people job fit OD interventions The BEING Step 1: Ensure talent The DOING Step 1: Analysis Core values Core purpose Scenario planning Structure Core capabilities Strategic architecture Mission The articulated and clearly understood concept of the desired future state PESTLE The DOING Step 2: Planning External and Internal Value Prop Leadership Framework Vision PORTER SWOT Profit modeling Strategy operationalised Insight Leadership formulates strategy Engagement Sustainable Transformation Understanding differences Alignment, Shared understanding Change resilience Renewed capacity to perform The BEING Step 2: Inclusion Balanced Score Card and Values Strategic Goals Strategy translation into Operational terms Leadership alignment Leadership Drives and implement strategy Shared views of the present and the future Values The BEING Step 3: Translation Group and Individual BSC KPA’s Behaviours IDP Targets The DOING and BEING Final Step: Cementing Strategic Initiatives Operational goals Measures The DOING Step 3: Translation Research Questions Main research problem: Sustainable organizational transformation can be achieved through a process of Inclusivity Sub Problems: - What strategies of inclusivity should be employed to ensure sustainable transformation? What are the non-negotiable pre-requisites for Inclusivity? What are the benefits of Inclusivity? What meta-insights can be derived on “Inclusivity”? Research steps summarised Research Step Purpose of research step Data gathering method Qualitative methodology Case Study Provide context for research Historical Data Post Intervention Investigation 4 original provincial leaders To understand the role of leadership and the concept of Inclusivity during transformation as viewed by senior management that formed part of the Inclusivity Transformational Strategy In-Depth interviews Conducted by independent, professional qualitative researcher Grounded Theory Phenomenology Content analysis 13 regional leaders To understand the impact and sustainability of organizational Change and Development interventions on individual leadership In-Depth interviews conducted by the researcher of this thesis Grounded Theory Phenomenology Content analysis 12 senior management To explore sustainability of Inclusivity in group dynamics of senior management team Round Table Discussion Grounded Theory Content analysis 3 provincial teams consisting of 8-12 regional leaders To explore whether proposed Inclusivity process is still utilised as current business planning process and to which extent it happens in the case organization. Focus Groups Grounded Theory Content analysis 3 teams of employees (employees) in the 3 provinces under study To explore to which extend workers experience the climate of Inclusivity and to which extend individual voices and views are still valued. Focus Groups Grounded Theory Content analysis Adapted Van Kaam’s (2006) Phenomenological Process Phenomenology 1 Phase Step Research step Description Phenomenological analysis 1 Initial general description Data used from 17 in-depth interviews. Lingual description in the interviewee’s actual words were used. 2 Preliminary grouping Each description is reread with the intent to identify preliminary groupings. These groupings were also re-read by participants in study to minimise subjectivity. 3 Reduction Categories were reviewed by researcher and discussed with objective external researcher. 4 Elimination Duplications were eliminated, exact words were retained ad categories were scrutinized as potential structural elements ad clustered into themes. Themes were constructed. 5 Explication Two PhD-researchers reviewed themes. 6 Methodological reflection Transcripts were reviewed again and methodological reflection took place 7 Determine potential elements of integral structure Each element was considered for essentiality and compatibility in order to chrystallise the essences of Inclusivity further. 8 Situational reflection Each element is compared and reviewed with interviewee’s language to determine whether the identified elements captured the core of the experience. 9 Translation in metalanguage Words from informants are translated into the language of the discipline. Translation 10 Transposition Application was reviewed by PhD-researchers Phenomenological reflection 11 Final Identification Final identification of structural elements took place and is presented as synthesis of phenomenon. 12 Limitations Phenomenological reflection concluded when limitations of research are articulated. Adapted Grounded Theory process. Charmaz (2006) Grounded Theory 3 Writing first draft Integrating Memos/ diagramming Concepts Further Theoretical Sampling If needed Sorting memos Adopting certain categories as theoretical concepts Theoretical memowriting and further refining of concepts Theoretical sampling Seek specific New data Sensitising concepts and general disciplinary perspectives Research problem and Research questions Advanced memos Refining conceptual Categories Data collection – Focused coding Initiating memos Raising codes to Tentatative Categories Initial coding and Data collection Reexamination of earlier data Inputs required? Any advice, feedback or inputs? “We shall not cease from exploration And the end of all our exploring Will be to arrive where we started And know the place for the first time”” TS Eliot (1943)] [email protected]