Transcript Periodic Table of Elements - Ponder Independent School

Periodic Table of
Elements
A Guide to the Chemical Elements
History of the Periodic Table
• 1896 1st introduced by Dimitri
Mendeleev
– Arranged the elements by increasing
atomic mass and element properties
• 1913 Henry Moseley changed the table
by arranging the elements by
increasing atomic number
• Modern table is divided into rows
(periods) and vertical columns (groups)
in order of increasing atomic number
Areas of the Periodic Table of Elements
Major Sections
Metals
Alkali Earth Alkaline Earth
Metalloids
Transition
Nonmetals
Halogens
Nobel Gases
Other
Metals
Alkali Metals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Li
N
Group IA or 1
K
All have 1 valence electron
Rb
+1 oxidation number
Very reactive, can corrode in air Cs
Soft, malleable, and ductile
Fr
Good conductors of electricity
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium
Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
•
•
•
•
•
Be
Mg
Ca
Group IIA or 2
Sr
All have 2 valence electrons
Ba
+2 oxidation Number
Ra
Reactive elements
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium,
Strontium, Barium, and Radium
Transition Metals
Sc
Ti
V
Y
Zr Nb Mo
Tc
La
Hf
Re Os
Ir
Ac
Rf Db Sg
Bh
Mt
Ta
Cr
W
Ce
Pr
Nd
Th
Pa
U
Mn Fe
Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Hs
Pt
In
Sn
Au Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Pm Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Np
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm Md
No
Lr
Pu
Transition Metals
• Groups III B – VIII B or 3-13
• Have 3 major areas:
– Transition
– Actinide Series
– Lanthanide Series
• + oxidation numbers
• Hg is only liquid at room temperature
B
Metalloids
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
Po
• Have both properties of
metals and nonmetals
• Are semiconductors; can
conduct electricity on a
small scale
• Boron, Silicon, Germanium,
Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium,
and Polonium
Nonmetals
F
Cl
Br
I
At
Halogens
•
•
•
•
Group VII A or 17
Each contains 7 valence electrons
-1 oxidation number
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine,
& Astatine
• Called halogens, because they often
produce a salt compound
• Halogen comes from Greek “Halos” =
salt and “Gen” = born
Nonmetals
Nobel Gases
• Group VIII A or 18
• Called Nobel or Inert Gases
• All have 8 valence electrons, except
Helium only has 2
• Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton,
Xenon, and Radon
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Nonmetals
C
Other
• Groups IV A – VIIA or 14 - 17
• Group 15 has 5 valence
electrons, and a –3 oxidation number
N O
P
F
S Cl
Se Br
I
At
• Group 16 has 6 valence electrons, and
a –2 oxidation number
•All are gases at room temperature
except Br, which is a liquid
Resources:
• http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm
Los Alamos Lab Periodic Table
• http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/
Periodic Table with pictures
• http://www.shef.ac.uk/~chem/webelements/ Information on Periodic Table
• http://www.chemicalelements.com/
Chemical Elements.com
The End