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DATA SNAPSHOT Jackson County Data SnapShot Series 1.0 March 2015 Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. 2 Table of contents 01 02 Introduction Demography 03 04 Economy Labor Market 01 introduction Purpose About Jackson County Introduction Purpose This document provides information and data about Jackson County that can be used to guide local decisionmaking activities. The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. section 01 5 Introduction About Jackson County County Background Established County Seat Area Neighboring Counties 1816 Brownstown 514 sq. mi. Bartholomew, IN Brown, IN Jennings, IN Lawrence, IN Monroe, IN Scott, IN Washington, IN section 01 6 Population change 02 demography Population pyramids Race Ethnicity Educational attainment Takeaways Demography Population change Total population projections 43,466 43,548 2013 2020 42,376 41,335 2000 2010 The total population increased by 5 percent between 2000 and 2013. The major contributor to that expansion was natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) with a net growth of over 2,200 persons. Data on domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) show that out-migration outpaced in-migration by more than 500 people. On the other hand, international migration had a net increase of 1,300, indicating that the county experienced an influx of new people from outside the U.S. section 02 The total population is projected to remain about the same between 2013 and 2020. Components of Population Change, 2000-2013 Total Change 2,865* Natural Increase 2,219 International Migration 1,359 Domestic Migration -500 *Estimation residuals are leading to a total change in population that differs from the sum of the components. Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change 8 Demography Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. 2000 2013 1.0% 2.6% 2.4% 3.5% 60-69 3.8% 4.2% 50-59 5.5% 5.7% 40-49 7.5% 7.2% 30-39 7.7% 7.5% 20-29 7.0% 10-19 0-9 Male Age Cohort 70-79 9 6 3 80+ 1.3% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 60-69 5.1% 5.5% 50-59 7.1% 7.2% 40-49 7.0% 6.6% 30-39 6.7% 6.4% 6.3% 20-29 6.1% 5.8% 6.9% 6.8% 10-19 6.7% 6.3% 7.5% 6.8% 0-9 6.8% 6.4% 0 Female 3 6 Male 70-79 Age Cohort 80+ 9 Percent of Total Population 9 6 3 0 Female 3 6 9 Percent of Total Population Approximately 50.7% of the population was female in 2000 (20,949 people), and that percent remained about the same in 2013. What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period. In particular, people 60 and over swelled from 7.2% to 9.4% for males, and from 10.3% to 11.5% for females between 2000 and 2013. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- dipped from 22.2% to 19.8% for males, and from 21.1% to 18.8% for females. Also declining were the percent of residents under 20 years of age. section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates 9 Demography Race 2000 The number of non-White residents in Jackson County increased by two percentage points between 2000 and 2013. While every race experienced a numerical increase, the number of individuals classified as Asian or of Two or More Races increased, fueling the doubling of the percent of residents classified as nonwhite between 2000 and 2013. Black White 98% Other 2% Asian Native Two or More Races 2013 Black White 96% Other 4% Asian Native Two or More Races section 02 Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates 10 Demography Ethnicity Hispanics - 2000 3 % Hispanics - 2013 Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanishspeaking Central or South American country. There were 1,112 Hispanics residing in Jackson County in 2000. This figure expanded to 2,697 by 2013—a 142.5 percent increase. 6% As a result, Hispanics now make up 6 percent of the overall population, a significant increase since 2000. section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates 11 Demography Educational attainment Jackson County had a 5 percentage point increase between 2000 and 2013 in the proportion of adults (25 and older) with an associates, bachelors, or graduate degree. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 80 percent in 2000 to 86 percent by 2013. Those with only a high school degree remained at the 47 percent level in both 2000 and 2013. Adults with an associates degree grew by 2 percentage points from 2000 to 2013 (5 percent versus 7 percent), while the proportion with a college degree or more increased from 11 percent 14 percent over that same time period. While educational attainment is improving in Jackson County, the number of adults with Associate degrees or higher continues to lag behind the Indiana rate of 32 percent. 2000 Bachelor's Degree or More, 11% Associate's Degree, 5% No High School, 20% Some College, 17% 2013 High School, 47% Bachelor's Degree or More, 14% No High School, 14% Associate's Degree, 7% Some College, 18% High School, 47% section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS 12 Demography Takeaways The population of Jackson County has experienced growth since 2000, and that growth has been fueled largely by two factors: natural increase and international migration. These two factors compensated for the loss of population due to net migration (more people who moved out of the county for other counties in Indiana or other U.S. locations than moved into the county). In examining the composition of Jackson County, one finds that a larger share of the population is now 50 years of age and over. As such, the number of men and women of prime working age (20-29, 30-39 and 40-49) is slowly declining. Furthermore, the county is becoming more diverse as a result of the growth of the Hispanic population. The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the percent of adults with a high school education remains sizable (at 47%). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While 1 in 5 adult residents of the county have an associates, bachelors, or higher education, this figure is about 11 percent below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole. Jackson County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they match the needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment. section 02 13 Establishments 03 economy Industries Occupations Income and poverty Takeaways Economy Establishments The number of establishments in Jackson County increased 33% from 2000 to 2011. The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. In particular, 2,723 establishments were launched in the county between 2000-2011 while 1,945 closed, resulting in a gain of 778 establishments. There was only a gain of 2 establishments due to net migration. Components of Change for Establishments Total Change (2000-11) 780 Natural Change (births minus deaths) 778 Net Migration An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages 0 2 2 Selfemployed 10-99 employees 4 1 3 2-9 employees 100-499 employees 500+ employees section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database 15 Economy Number of establishments by stage/employment category 2000 Stage 2011 Establishments Proportion Establishments Proportion Stage 0 654 28% 993 32% Stage 1 1,343 57% 1,787 57% Stage 2 304 13% 311 10% Stage 3 36 2% 28 1% Stage 4 6 0% 4 0% 2,343 100% 3,123 100% Total The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees. section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database 16 Economy Number of jobs by stage/employment category 2000 2011 Stage Jobs Proportion Jobs Proportion Stage 0 654 3% 993 4% Stage 1 4,831 20% 5,553 24% Stage 2 7,801 33% 7,877 35% Stage 3 5,904 25% 4,929 22% Stage 4 4,438 19% 3,300 15% Total 23,628 100% 22,652 100% section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database 17 Economy Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category 2000 Stage 2011 Sales Proportion Sales Proportion Stage 0 $74,664,328 2% $64,158,834 2% Stage 1 $587,069,231 17% $567,922,886 19% Stage 2 $977,960,387 29% $789,731,359 26% Stage 3 $859,248,312 25% $1,201,083,864 39% Stage 4 $894,126,170 27% $435,380,496 14% Total $3,393,068,427 100% $3,058,277,439 100% section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database 18 Economy Top five industries in 2013 61.7 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Jackson County. Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (6,186 jobs). Accommodation & Food Services is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 1,626 jobs. Of the top five industries in Jackson County, Government (+14.1%) and Accommodation & Food Services (+13.2%) gained jobs between 2002 and 2013. Of the other three top five industries, Transportation & Warehousing lost the most, with a 32.9% decrease in jobs. Accommodation & Food Services 6.5% Transportation & Warehousing 7.3% All Other Industries 38.3% Retail Trade 10.9% Government 12.1% Manufacturing 24.9% section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 19 Economy Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 11 21 22 23 31-33 42 44-45 48-49 51 52 53 54 55 56 61 62 71 72 81 90 99 All Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation & Warehousing Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Professional, Scientific & Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative & Waste Management Educational Services (Private) Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) Government Unclassified Industry Total 1,202 163 129 1,384 6,745 526 2,956 2,689 149 574 500 628 167 626 143 1,246 196 1,436 1,172 2,639 <10 25,269 1,482 38 115 994 6,186 710 2,719 1,804 123 705 623 518 123 1,291 156 1,367 256 1,626 1,031 3,011 0 24,877 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) 280 -125 -14 -390 -559 184 -237 -885 -26 131 123 -110 -44 665 13 121 60 190 -141 372 <10 -392 23% -77% -11% -28% -8% 35% -8% -33% -17% 23% 25% -18% -26% 106% 9% 10% 31% 13% -12% 14% 100% -2% Earnings 2013 $33,527 $156,947 $91,265 $36,593 $61,783 $50,218 $25,231 $55,949 $34,047 $38,839 $25,717 $32,142 $75,489 $25,050 $13,991 $36,430 $14,509 $15,690 $18,881 $54,066 $0 $42,817 section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 20 Economy Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Jackson County occurred in: Administrative, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services (+106.2 percent) Wholesale Trade (+35.0 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in: Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (-76.7 percent) Transportation and Warehousing (-32.9 percent) Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Administrative & Waste Management (+665) Government (+372) Agriculture & Forestry (+280) Transportation & Warehousing (-885) Manufacturing (-559) Construction (-390) Employment Increase Employment Decrease section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 21 Economy Top five occupations in 2013 The top five occupations in Jackson County represent 56.7 percent of all jobs. Management 7.6% Office & Administrative Support 10.5% Production (4,184 jobs) and Transportation & Material Moving (2,747 jobs) are the top two occupations in Jackson County. Management is the smallest of the top five occupations with 1,896 jobs. All Other Occupations 43.3% Sales & Related 10.8% All five top occupations in Jackson County had a decrease in jobs between 2002 and 2013. However, Transportation & Material Moving experienced the largest drop (-18.0%), while Management suffered the smallest decline (-0.6%). Transportation & Material Moving 11.0% Production 16.8% section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 22 Economy Occupation distribution and change SOC Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 99 All Management Business & Financial Operations Computer & Mathematical Architecture & Engineering Life, Physical & Social Science Community & Social Service Legal Education, Training & Library Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media Health Care Practitioners & Technical Health Care Support Protective Service Food Preparation & Serving Related Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance Personal Care & Service Sales & Related Office & Administrative Support Farming, Fishing & Forestry Construction & Extraction Installation, Maintenance & Repair Production Transportation & Material Moving Military Unclassified Total 1,907 726 224 568 85 190 72 693 368 823 448 225 1,401 648 627 2,781 2,803 312 1,222 1,112 4,448 3,352 137 100 25,269 1,896 729 168 684 97 209 61 852 362 995 525 227 1,594 730 631 2,678 2,604 541 937 1,058 4,184 2,747 140 227 24,877 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Hourly Earnings 2013 -11 3 -56 116 12 19 -11 159 -6 172 77 2 193 82 4 -103 -199 229 -285 -54 -264 -605 3 127 -392 -1% 0% -25% 20% 14% 10% -15% 23% -2% 21% 17% 1% 14% 13% 1% -4% -7% 73% -23% -5% -6% -18% 2% 127% -2% $24.53 $24.89 $25.62 $33.46 $26.97 $18.43 $31.15 $19.71 $14.33 $28.79 $12.09 $17.48 $9.61 $10.67 $9.67 $13.20 $14.73 $13.23 $16.53 $19.24 $16.25 $15.15 $18.48 $11.31 $16.96 section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 23 Economy Occupation distribution and change The largest percentage gains in jobs in Jackson County occurred in: Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (+73.4 percent) Education, Training, and Library (+22.9 percent) The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in: Computer and Mathematical (-25.0 percent) Construction and Extraction (-23.3 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment between 2002 & 2013: Farming, Fishing, & Forestry (+229) Food Preparation & Serving (+193) Transportation (-650) Construction (-285) Production (-264) Employment Increase Employment Decrease section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors 24 Economy Income and poverty 2000 2006 2013 7.8% 10.4% 12.9% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 11.0% 14.6% 17.8% Real Median Income (2013) $53,315 $49,163 $49,614 Total Population in Poverty The median income in Jackson County dipped by $3,700 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation). The total population in poverty swelled from 7.8 percent to 12.9 percent between 2000 and 2013. The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly 7 percentage points over the same period of time. section 03 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) 25 Economy Income and poverty Median income in Jackson County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, improving since 2011. Poverty rates for adults and minors have stabilized over the past two years, although the rates remain high relative to the early 2000s. 54,000 21 52,000 50,000 18 Median Income 15 48,000 12 46,000 44,000 9 All Ages in Poverty 6 42,000 3 40,000 0 Population in Poverty (percent) Real Median Income (2013 dollars) Minors in Poverty section 03 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) 26 Economy Takeaways Growth in the number of establishments in Jackson County occurred primarily in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders. Jackson County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 firms since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. At the same time, sales associated with Stage 3 firms have expanded at an impressive pace since 2000, but determining the factors that may have contributed to the loss of Stage 3 establishments in the county is worthy of attention. Real median income has undergone some dramatic swings since 2000, but recent trends suggest that things are improving. So too are the poverty rates for adults and children under 18 years of age. While these poverty rates have dipped since 2011, they remain considerably higher than was the case in 2000. Fluctuations in real median income experienced between 2000 and 2013 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. For example, gains have occurred in some industries paying average earnings of $50,000 or more between 2000 and 2013. At the same time, several industries that have experienced solid job growth are providing employees with average earnings of under $35,000. No doubt, the ability of the county to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a welltrained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associates degree or higher. section 03 27 04 labor market Labor force and unemployment Commuteshed Laborshed Takeaways Labor market Labor force and unemployment 2002 Labor Force Unemployment Rate 2013 22,012 21,465 4.9% 6.2% The labor force in Jackson County decreased by 2.5 percent between 2002 and 2013. This decrease could be due to a rise in the number of individuals who are either officially unemployed or who have given up looking for a job, or an increase in the number of adults who have left the workforce due to retirement. section 04 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics 29 Labor market Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 11.2% in 2009. Since that time, the rate has been on a steady decline, dipping to 6.2% by 2013. 12 11.2% Unemployment Rate (percent) 10 8 6 4.9% 6.2% 4 3.9% 2 2.6% 0 section 04 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics 30 Labor market Commuteshed Out-Commuters Same Work/ Home 9,106 A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its labor force travels to work. 9,112 Commuters Proportion Bartholomew, IN 2,963 16.3% Marion, IN 1,680 9.2% Monroe, IN 562 3.1% Jennings, IN 531 2.9% Scott, IN 384 2.1% Fifty percent of employed residents in Jackson County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Bartholomew County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Jackson County. Twenty-six percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Jackson county; however, the second largest work destination outside Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County). section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) 31 Labor market Commuteshed in 2011 Seventy percent of Jackson County’s working residents are employed either in Bartholomew or Jackson Counties. Another five percent commute to Marion County. An additional five percent travel to jobs in Monroe County. Collectively, these four counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Jackson County. section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD 32 Labor market Laborshed In-Commuters A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Same Work/ Home 9,563 9,112 Fifty-one percent of individuals working in Jackson County commute from another county. Twenty-two percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Jackson County; however, the fifth largest source of laborers outside of Jackson County is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County). Commuters Proportion Jennings, IN 1,266 6.8% Bartholomew, IN 1,230 6.6% Scott, IN 665 3.6% Clark, IN 646 3.5% Marion, IN 437 2.3% section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) 33 Labor market Laborshed in 2011 The bulk (70 percent) of Jackson County’s workforce is drawn from Bartholomew, Clark, Jackson, Jennings, and Scott Counties. Another five percent is drawn from Decatur, Floyd, Jefferson, and Johnson Counties. Furthermore, an additional five percent are drawn from Lawrence, Marion, and Washington Counties. Combined, the twelve counties represent 80 percent of Jackson County’s laborshed. section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD 34 Labor market Takeaways The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Jackson County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 11 percent by 2009. Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since 2010. Despite the modest growth in the population over the past decade or more, the county’s labor force has decreased in size since 2002. While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for the drop in the county’s labor force, two possible explanations are as follows. First, an increasing number of unemployed individuals may be discouraged workers who have given up trying to find a job. Or second, more people in the workforce have opted to retire and their positions have been eliminated or left unfilled. Approximately 50 percent of Jackson County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a tremendous loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties by spurring the growth of good paying jobs that will keep these workers in their home county. The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development strategies on a regional (multi-county) basis. section 04 35 Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. Report Authors Data Analysis Report Design Elizabeth Dobis Bo Beaulieu, PhD Indraneel Kumar, PhD Ayoung Kim Tyler Wright 36 Purdue Extension Community Development (CD) . . . works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. FOR MORE INFORMATION Please contact PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD) . . . seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity. 765-494-7273 [email protected]