Transcript Early Settlement and Colonial America

Early Settlement and
Colonial America
English North America
Jamestown
Founded in 1607
Created by the
Virginia Company
(joint- stock
company)
Goal: Make $$$
1st Permanent English
Settlement in New
World
Jamestown
Early Problems:
– Difficult Conditions
Mosquito
Swampland
Jamestown
“Starving Time”
Most settlers
died because of
disease, harsh
winter, & little
food
Jamestown
Captain John Smith
“No Work, No Food”
Jamestown
Powhatan Tribe
– Provided food to
early settlers
– Angry when
settlers take food
& land
– Pocahontas
Jamestown
Tobacco: Virginia
Gold
John Rolfe
Plantations (large
farms) created
– Cash Crop economy
Jamestown
Headright
System:
– 50 acres of land
for every
worker brought
to colony
– More Land =
More $$$
Jamestown
Indentured Servants
Plantation Workers:
– 5-7 year service
agreement
– Pay for voyage
– Food & shelter
– Land after
contract
completed
Jamestown
House of Burgesses:
1st elected
legislative body in
the colonies
– Run by the rich
– Create laws for the
Virginia colonists
Jamestown
Expansion Problems:
– Poor farmers want
more land
– Expand West
– Fight with Indians
– Rich refuse to help
– Poor farmers turn on
rich farmers
Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion:
– Nathaniel Bacon
– Poor farmer
uprising
– Burn Jamestown
– Scares rich
landowners
– Switch to slave
labor
Review
What problems did the new settlers
face in the new world?
What colonist saved the colonists from
starvation?
What crop saved the Virginia Company?
Who introduced it?
What were the big farms called? Who
worked on the farms?
1st legislative body in English colonies?
Using the maps on pages
49,54,59 & 67 of your
textbook label your colonies
map with all 13 colonies.
&
shade in the New England,
Middle and Southern regions
using 3 different colors
Southern Colonies
Virginia, North and
South Carolina,
Georgia
Carolinas
Royal Colony: King
Controlled
Purpose: Grow food
for the West Indies
Major City:
Charleston (Charles
Town)
– South Carolina grows
rich through trade
– North Carolina lacks
a good port
Outer Banks: Sink
Ships
Georgia
Last of the original
colonies
Founded: James
Oglethorpe
Purpose:
– Buffer Colony:
Protect S.C. from
Spanish Florida
– Debtor Colony: Place
to start over
Life in the South
Political:
Government run by
the rich plantation
owner
– White males who
owned land allowed to
vote
Virginia’s House of
Burgesses
Life in the South
Economic: Plantation
(cash-crops) economy
– Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
Few towns
Charleston: Major city
Southern Economies
The economy of colonial Virginia and the
other Southern colonies in the eastern
coastal lowlands was based on “cash
crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.
These cash crops were grown on large
plantations and exported to Europe.
Farther inland, in the mountains and
valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the
economy was based on small-scale
subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.
Southern Social Structure
Social structure based on family status and
the ownership of land.
Large landowners in the eastern lowlands
dominated colonial government and society
and maintained an allegiance to the Church
of England and closer social ties to England
than did those in the other colonies.
Society further inland, was characterized by
small-scale subsistence farmers, hunters,
and traders of Scots-Irish and English
descent.
Slavery
Plantation labor needs came to be
satisfied by the forcible importation of
Africans.
Some worked as indentured servants,
earned their freedom, and lived as free
citizens during the Colonial Era.
Over time, larger and larger numbers of
enslaved Africans were forcibly brought
to the Southern colonies.
Slavery
Slaves replace
indentured servants
Middle Passage:
Journey from Africa
to America
– Part of the
Triangular Trade
Slave Codes: Harsh
laws against slaves
Slave Response:
– Suicide, vandalism,
revolts
Slavery
You will need to know the story of slavery,
from its beginning to how and why it came
to be so strong in the Southern colonies.
Sounds like it may be a question on a test,
doesn’t it????
Now, listen to my long and drawn out story
of slavery, take notes as you feel you need
to and ask questions if you have them.
Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania,
New York, New
Jersey,
Maryland, and
Delaware
Colonial
Breadbasket
Rich Economy:
Farming &
Industry
Middle Colonies
Home to multiple religious groups that
generally believed in religious tolerance,
including Quakers in Pennsylvania,
Huguenots and Jews in New York, and
Presbyterians in New Jersey.
These colonies began to develop a middle
class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs
(business owners), and small farmers.
Middle Colonies
The middle colonies incorporated a
number of democratic principles that
reflected the basic rights of
Englishmen.
Maryland
Proprietary
Colony: Private
land grant
Founded: Lord
Baltimore
Maryland
Purpose: Safe
place for
Catholics (haven)
Significance:
Toleration Act
– Protected
religious freedom
for all Christians
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania:
Proprietary Colony
Founded By: William
Penn
Purpose: Home for
Quakers
– Pacifist religious
group
Philadelphia: “City of
Brotherly Love”
New England
Northern area of English colonies.
Made up of people seeking religious
freedom (sort of!!!)
Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC),
Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Created for
religious
purposes
Two groups of
settlers:
Pilgrims
Puritans
Pilgrims
1620: Arrive @
Plymouth
William
Bradford:
Pilgrim leader
Separatists:
Believed Church of
England was
corrupt. Never to
return to England.
Pilgrims
Mayflower
Compact: Legal
document that
established
democracy in
Plymouth Bay Colony
Pilgrims
Squanto: Indian
who taught
Pilgrims how to
grow food
Thanksgiving:
Celebration of
Indian – Colonist
relationship
Puritans
Established the
Massachusetts
Bay Colony
Non-Separatist:
Goal is to be an
example for all
to follow and
reform the
church
Puritans
John Winthrop:
Puritan leader
Goal: create a
“City on the
hill”
Covenant
Community: All
citizens working for
God.
New England
New England’s colonial society was
based on religious standing.
The Puritans grew increasingly
intolerant of dissenters who challenged
the Puritans’ belief in the connection
between religion and government.
New England colonies used town
meetings in the operation of government
Religious Freedom
Puritans did not allow other faiths in
Massachusetts
Dissenters: People who
opposed Puritan control
Dissenters
Roger Williams:
Founder of Rhode
Island.
Kicked out of
Massachusetts for
preaching “liberty of
conscience”
Liberty of conscience =
separation of:
Church
State
Anne Hutchinson
Kicked out of MBC
for disagreeing
with ministers
Moved to Rhode
Island
Connecticut
Founded by Puritans
seeking greater
freedoms and land.
Led by Thomas Hooker
who thought everyone
should be allowed to
vote, not just church
members.
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut: 1st written
Constitution in colonies
Life in the North
New England: “Cod and God”
Rocky soil and long
winters: Bad for
farming
New England Economy
Shipbuilding:
Fishing: Cod
Lumbering:
Subsistence Farming: you farm to sustain
your life
Life in the North
Religion dominated
all aspects of life
All people must
learn how to read
the Bible.
Life in the North
Education:
Elementary schools
required to be built
in all towns > 50
families
Harvard College
(1636): 1st college in
America
Life in the North
As MBC grows
religious faith begins
to decline.
Salem Witch Trials
(1692): An attempt
to scare people back
to church by claiming
Satan was corrupting
society.
Life in the North
Many American colonists in the 1700s
turned to a religious movement called
pietism, which stressed an individual’s
devoutness and emotional union with God
Ministers spread pietism through,
revivals, large public meetings for
preaching and prayer.
This revival of religious feelings
became known as the Great Awakening.
Life in the North
Great Awakening: A
revival in the church
Brings passion and
energy to church
services.
Led by two men: Jonathan Edwards
and George Whitefield
Fire and Brimstone sermons
Life in the North
Effects of the Great Awakening:
– More people go to church
– New churches created
Baptist
Methodist
– New Colleges created
– People question authority
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a European
cultural movement. It challenged the
authority of the church in science and
philosophy and elevated the power of
human reason.
This emphasis on logic and reasoning was
known as rationalism.
John Locke was an influential
Enlightenment writer. He argued that all
people had rights, and that society can be
improved.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What was the 1st English group to arrive in
New England?
John Winthrop was the leader of this group
of people? What kind of city did he hope to
create?
What is the difference between a separatist
& a non-separatist?
What were the TWO most important things
to colonial New Englanders?
How did the geography of New England affect
the lives of the people there?
What was the 1st college created in America?
What two events can be linked to a decline in
religious faith?
Review Questions
What was the difference between the
Enlightenment and the Great
Awakening?
The Enlightenment was a movement that
challenged religious authority and
stressed the power of reason, whereas
the Great Awakening was a religious
movement that was a response to a
declining religious fervor among people.