Transcript Presentazione di PowerPoint

Enel strategy for zero emission power
generation
Pietro Barbucci
Enel Research
Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e
prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria”
Budapest, 29th November 2007
Content
 Achievements so far in the environmental field
 Increasing the share of CO2 free power
 R&D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation
 Solar Power
 Geothermal Power
 Zero emission coal generation
2
Enel group
3
Achievements so far
in the environmental field
4
Enel commitment to reduce CO2 emissions
Voluntary agreement signed with the Ministeries of Environment and
Industry in 2000
Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to
510 g CO2/kWh by 2006
Enel specific emission trend gCO2/kWh
Enel's total emission (Mton)
Target 510
618
68
501
56
2000
2005
1990
<500
2005
2006
5
Not only CO2
Enel’s achievements in pollutant reduction
DeNOx
ESP / FF DeSOx
6
5,3
SO2
5
Dust
g/kWh
4
3
Flue gas cleaning train
NOx
2,8
Trend 2005 vs 2000:
2,5
2
0,9
1
0,4
0
1990
0,9
0,1
2000
0,6
0,03
 SO2
- 64%
 NOx
- 33%
 Dust
- 70%
2005
Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve
environmental performance of thermal power plants
6
Increasing the share of
CO2 free power
7
Enel’s renewable capacity
Canada 22 MW
Hydro, biomass
Present capacity ~19.600 MW
Italy 15,358 MW Hydro,
geothermal, wind, solar
USA 380 MW
Hydro, wind
Guatemala
69 MW - Hydro
Slovakia
2.329 MW
Hydro
Costa Rica
55 MW - Hydro, wind
Panama
300 MW - Hydro
Brazil
97 MW - Hydro
Chile
100 MW - Hydro
Spain
900 MW
Hydro, wind,
cogeneration
In the period 2007-2011 further 1.700 MW of renewable capacity will be
added with a total investment of 3.3 billion Euros
8
Back to nuclear power
Slovenske Elektrarne

Nuclear units for a total of
1760 MWe in operation in Slovakia

Completion of units 3&4 of
Mochovce NPP (further 880 MWe)
started

EPR – MoU with EdF for the
participation to the Flamanville
project for the construction of an
EPR unit
Mochovce nuclear power station
9
Changing generation mix while reducing CO2 emissions
Enel Italian generation mix
29%



45%
Increasing renewable share
Oil and NG Steam
Cycles
NG CC
Coal
Eliminating oil as a fuel
19%
Using NG only in high
50%
9%
efficiency CCPP

20%
22%
Building new coal capacity
25%
using best available
technologies
Year
24%
27%
30%
2002
2004
Target
2012
10
Renewables
Enel’s high efficiency NGCC
Porto Corsini
La Casella
Pietrafitta
La Spezia
Termini Imerese
Total capacity ~5.000 MW
Priolo Gargallo
11
Clean Coal Technologies
Torrevaldaliga Nord Power
Plant 3 units, 2000 MWe
 In Italy Enel plans to built 5000 MWe clean
coal capacity, substituting existing oil fired or
NG fired steam cycles
Clean coal plant characteristics:

Closed coal management system

 = 45%

extremely low emission levels
 These assets need to be preserved in the
carbon constrained scenario
CCS retrofit
technologies required
First unit in service: Autumn 2008
12
R & D projects
towards
Zero Emission Power Generation
13
Enel’s environment and innovation programme
Launched September 2006

Growth in renewables
3,300 million Euros

Innovation project
800 million Euros
The areas
The approach
» Renewables
Lighthouse projects
» Energy efficiency
using BAT
distributed generation
» Towards “zero emissions”
& hydrogen
Demo projects
using advanced technologies
14
t
Enel’s environment and innovation programme
Renewable energy
 Archimede project
 Innovative PV project
 Low-enthalpy geothermal power
 Energy farm
Energy efficiency and distributed generation
 Innovative tri-generation
 Smart grid
 Green islands
Towards “Zero Emission” and Hydrogen Platform
 Innovative combustion
 CO2 post-combustion capture
 CO2 geological sequestration
 Hydrogen Park
 Hymix for road transport
15
The Archimede project
An innovative solar thermodynamic plant
16
Archimede project
Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology
NG Combined cycle
Air
Solar thermodynamic plant
NG
Flue gas
Molten salts
Steam
550°C
540°C
290°C
Steam
540°C
To chimney
Pump
Condenser
Pump
The integration sheme
17
Archimede project
Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology
The solar plant will be integrated
with Priolo NGCC
Project features:
 Net power:
4,7 MWe
 Net efficiency:
15,6%
 Mirror field surface:
8 ha
 Annual gross production:
9,7 GWh
Virtual view
18
Archimede project
Site selection
kWh/m2
1750
Priolo
Gargallo
1350
Global insolation in Sicily
The site has been selected because:
Priolo Gargallo site
» Combined Cycle Power Plant with steam
integrability chance
» High Global Insulation: 4,7÷4,8
kWh/(m2 day) (max Italian value)
» Constant and predictable climate
» Not windy
» Space available for solar field (100ha)
» Flat site with 360° free horizon
» Good auxiliary structures
The existing NGCC power plant
19
Innovative PV project
20
Catania PV laboratories
Prototype 2
Climatic chambers
Meteo station
Prototype1
Solar simulator
21
Catania PV laboratories
Net power
4 kWp
System efficiency
26%
Number of modules
112
Active surface
16 m2
Dimensions
5x4.8 m
Weight
800 kg
Angular precision
0.5 degree
Wind resistence
140 km/h
Concentrated photovoltaic system based
on triple-junction cells (Sol3g)
22
Adrano PV demonstration site
150kW Si-based concentrating technology
420kW Multi-junction concentrating technology
300 kW Flat modules on tracking system
23
Innovating geothermal
generation
24
Low enthalpy geothermal project
The project
Second law efficiency
Realization of hybrid demo-plant
(geothermal+solar)
Identification of a hybrid cycle able to
optimize efficiency and power production
of low-enthalpy plants
50%
25%
Realization of 0.5MW binary cycle demo
plant

Optimization of cycle configuration in
order to achieve high flexibility

Identification of optimal working fluid
Current situation
Conventional organic
binary cycle with 1 or
2 pressure levels
1 year
2-3 years
Time
25
Low enthalpy – Binary plants
 For water dominant resources
with temperature lower than
180°C, the binary cycle
Condenser
technology is the most efficient
Turbine
 The geofluid energy is
Generator
transferred through a heat
exchanger to a secondary fluid
Pump
that works in a closed ORC
cycle
 The binary power plants have
the least environmental impact
Injection pump
Production well
due to the “confinement” of the
geofluid
Injection well
Geothermal
reservoir
26
Binary plants
Applications for high enthalpy resources
Heat-Recovery secondary
cycles:
 Bottom-cycle: exploitation
of the brine’s thermal
energy exiting the flash
vessel
 Exploitation of the heat of
the condensing vapor
exiting the atmospheric
turbine
 Combination of the two
solutions as depicted in the
figure
27
Sesta experimental station
Gas turbine combustor test facility
Binary cycle demo plant
28
Zero emission coal generation
Demonstrating carbon capture and
sequestration technologies
29
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)
Why

Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the Zero
Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants Technology Platform that:
 Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity generation in the
decades to come
 Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply
 Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the continued
use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce the GHG emissions
in the atmosphere

Enel needs to preserve its current investments in clean coal capacity
30
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)
How
Post-combustion capture
N2, O2, H2O
Fuel
Boiler
Air
Flue
gas
CO2 separation
CO2
Oxy-combustion
CO2, (H2O)
Fuel
CO2 treatment
and compression
Boiler
O2
(CO2, H2O) recirculation
CO2
Pre-combustion capture
Fuel
Transport to
storage site
Gasification + H2, CO2
gas shift
CO2
separation
H2
GT
N2, O2, H2O
Air
O2
31
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)
What
 This is why Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of
CCS technologies by:
 Promoting two demo projects in the areas of post-combustion
capture and oxy-combustion technologies
 Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of precombustion technology
32
Content of the presentation
»
Enel CCS1
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
»
Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
»
Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC
33
Enel CCS1
Post-combustion capture
and storage demo project
34
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Project goal
To retrofit one large size
coal fired unit with CO2
capture equipment and
start CO2 underground
storage by 2012
Enel CCS1
35
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Time schedule
Design - construction
Operation
Design - construction
Enel CCS1
Operation
36
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Brindisi coal fired
power plant
4 units x 660 MWe
Site of CO2
capture
pilot plant
Enel CCS1
37
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Plant specifications
Raw gas
Process main streams
Temperature
50 °C (max)
Gas flow rate (wet)
10.000 Nm3/h
SO2
< 30 mg/Nm3
CO2 removed
2,25
NO2
< 40 mg/Nm3
MEA solution flow rate
(20%,w)
50 t/h
SO3
< 1 ppmv
Low pressure steam
6,5 t/h
Particulate
< 2 mg/Nm3
Cooling water
700-800 t/h
Enel CCS1
38
t/h
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Project milestones
Specification completed
Jun 07
Deadline for bids
Oct 07
Contract award
Dec 07
Start site works
Mar 08
Plant completion
Dec 08
Plant lay-out
Enel CCS1
39
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site
 Italy has theoretically a
significant potential for CO2
geological storage into deep
saline aquifers
C
 Studies are in progress to
evaluate in detail the storage
potential in areas A, B and C
A
B
that are the areas
surrounding possible sites for
the post-combustion capture
demo. Studies are carried out
by INGV, OGS and other
Italian geological Institutes
Enel CCS1
40
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site
Study of Alto Lazio site (area A)
MATILDE 1 well
Geological
Profile
Enel CCS1
41
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site
Study of the South-East Site (area B)
Enel CCS1
42
Phase 5 – Post-combustion demo plant
Demo main features
Type of Project
Retrofit
Power generation
660 MWe
Primary fuel
Bituminous coal
Power Generation Tech
SC PCC
% of flue gas treated
30-50 %
CO2 Capture Tech
Post Combustion Capture
with Amine
Stored CO2
1-1,5 Mt/y
CO2 Capture rate
85%
CO2 Storage solution
Deep saline aquifer
Storage location
To be decided
CO2 value chain
Pure storage
Enel will candidate this project for
Enel CCS1
the “European Flagship Programme”
43
Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
44
Oxy-coal combustion project
Project goal
To build by 2012 a small
(35-70 MWe) zero emission
coal fired power plant based
on a pressurized oxycombustion technology
already proved at pilot scale
Enel CCS2
45
Oxy-coal combustion project
Time schedule
Design - construction
Operation
Design - construction
Decision point
Enel CCS2
46
Operation
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 1 and 2
Modelling for
combustor scale-up
Tests using coal on
the 5 MWth
Isotherm pilot plant.
ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle
Preliminary design of
full scale combustor
demo
Investment
decision for Phase
3
November 2007
Good results so far
Positive decision expected
Enel CCS2
47
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo
Technical data
Milestones
Combustor power
48 MWt
Process pressure
10 bar
Fuel
coal slurry
Boiler
pressurized, new design
Oxygen
cryogenic storage/VSA
Oxygen mass flow rate
400 t/d @ 90% purity
Steam generation
55
t/h
@
240
bar
Invest decision
Nov 07
Detailed Eng
May 08
Permitting compl
Jun 08
Ground breaking
Sep 08
Commissioning
Dec 09
-
600°C
Yearly operating hours
Enel CCS2
3000 h
48
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo
A.S.U.
Oil
C.W.F.
Preparation
Plant
C.W.F.
Oxygen
Storage
Control Room
Blower
Coal Ashes
Tanks
ISOTHERM
Reactor
Pressurized
Boiler
Enel CCS2
Flue gas
treatment
49
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo
Brindisi coal fired
power plant
4 units x 660 MWe
Site
of full scale
combustor
demo
Enel CCS2
50
Power from Hydrogen
&
Zero Emission IGCC
51
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
A 12 MWe combined cycle fed by hydrogen produced by petrochemical
industries
Petrochemical area
H2 piping
Project milestones
Fusina
power plant
GT order
Mar 07
Combustor tests
Sep 07
Start site works
Dec 07
Plant completion
Dec 09
52
Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
GT combustor tests at Sesta facility
Internal view of the GT GE10 STD
combustion chamber
Test Rig
53
Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
Results from the first combustor test
NOx emissions with steam injection
700
NOx [ppm@15% O2]
600
500
400
HYDROGEN
300
NATURAL GAS
200
100
0
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Steam/ Fuel "NG" [kg/ kg]
54
3,0
Zero Emission IGCC
Enel initiatives
 Enel is partner of:
 DYNAMIS, a project funded under the 6th FP, for a preengineering study of the European ZEIGCC
 DECARBit, a proposal to the 7th FP currently under negotiation,
focused on high-potential, cost-efficient advanced capture
techniques in pre-combustion schemes
 Enel is looking for cooperation opportunities in demonstrating Zero
Emission IGCC technology
55
Thank you
for your kind attention
56