Transcript 슬라이드 제목 없음

KOREA’s Initiative for IT Application
and
the Development of Internet
March 1998
WAN-IL CHOI
National Computerization Agency
Contents
• Current Status of Information Infrastructures
• National IT Initiatives and Policy
• Internet Development and Policy
National Computerization Agency
Current Status of
Information Infrastructures
• IT Production
• PC Diffusion
• Telecommunications
• CATV
• Internet
• Informatization Index
National Computerization Agency
IT Production
• Computer and PC Production (million Dollors)
Year
1993
1994
1995
1996
Computer
964
1,231
1,725
2,119
PC
929
1,181
1,420
1,835
※ exchange rate 800 won/US $
• 1997. 10 : Computer : 1,734,817 million won (US $2,168)
PC
: 962,362 million won (US $1,203)
National Computerization Agency
PC Diffusion
• Number of PCs Sold Domestically(thousands)
Year
1991
Computer 614
1992
665
1993
773
994
1185
1995
1500
1996
1900
•Number of PCs in Use : 7 Million (as of the end of 1997)
•Goal set in NBIS (National Basic Information System)
- One PC per household by the Year 2000
- 10 mil PC’s diffused to offices and homes
National Computerization Agency
Telecommunications
• Market Structure for Basic Service
- KT Monopoly Broken at the Mid, 1991
- International Call Carrier : Oligopoly (KT, Dacom, Onse)
- Domestic Long Distance : Jan ‘96. Duopoly (KT, Dacom)
- Local Calls : Duopoly (KT,Dacom)
• Telephone Lines per 100 population(1996) : 44.4
- U.S. : 62.5 (1995)
- Japan : 48.8 (1995)
- U.K. : 50.5 (1995)
•Subscribers of Mobile Communications (thousands)
Year
Mobil
Pager
1993
472
2,648
1994
960
6,366
1995
1,641
9,658
1996
3,180
11,904
1997.6
4,328
13,600
1997.11
5,558
15,105
National Computerization Agency
CATV
• New Service : on Mar 1995
• Number of Subscribers
- 500,000 (Jan 1996) : 5% of households
- 1,700,000 (Mar 1997) : 13.1% of households
- 2,002,000 (Jun 1997) : 15.4% of households
- 2,452,000 (Feb 1998) : 19% of households
- 6,500,000 (by the year 2000, Projection) : 50% of households
• Time for Diffusion of CATV
- 10% of households : 8 ∼ 10 years (Canada, U.S.A.)
- 6% of households : 8 years (Japan)
National Computerization Agency
Internet
• Number of Internet Host Computers (thousands, Jan 1997)
Korea
81
U.S.
10,110
Japan
1,168
Germany
994
U.K.
987
France
333
※ 131 : Dec ’97
National Computerization Agency
Informatization Index(Overall) Korea 1990=100
6000
Korea
Korea
U.S.
U.S.A.
Japan
Japan
Singapore
Singapore
Europe
Europe
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
National Computerization Agency
National IT Initiatives and Policy
• NBIS, NAIS
• Master Plan and Strategy for Information
Society
• Korea Information Infrastructure
• Policy Issues
National Computerization Agency
NBIS
(National Basic Information System)
• First National Initiative of IT Use and Production
– 1st Five-Year Plan (1987 - 1991)
– 2nd Five-Year Plan (1992 - 1996)
• Consensus on the Potentials of IT
– Industrial Revolution vs. Information Revolution
• Strong Support by Government
– Funding Schedule
– NCB (National Computerization Board)
• Under the Executive Office of the President
• Effective Coordination among Government Agencies
• Computerization Promotion Meeting (Presidential)
National Computerization Agency
NBIS
(National Basic Information System)
• Objective
–
–
–
–
–
Economic Growth in “Information Age”
Use IT to Improve Competitiveness
Take a Position of Developed Nation in 21st Century
Improve Quality of Life
Provide Initial Markets for IT Industries
• Implementation
–
–
–
–
–
Administrations
Financial Institutions
Education and Research
National Defense
National Security
National Computerization Agency
NAIS
(National Administration Information System)
• Small and Efficient Government
– 1st Stage : Developing the Separate Systems
– 2nd Stage : Sharing Information among Agencies
• Pre-assigned Fund : US $ 200 million (1987 - 1991)
• Six Subsystems
–
–
–
–
–
–
Resident
Vehicle
Hose and Land
Employment
Customs Clearance
Economic Statistics
National Computerization Agency
Master Plan and Strategy for
Information Society
• Legal Ground
– Basic Act on Informatization Promotion(1995)
• Basic guiding principles on building KII and
creating information society
• Basic plan for informatization and implementation
• Establishment and operation of Informatization
Promotion Committee
• Operation of Informatization Promotion Fund
National Computerization Agency
Master Plan
• 1st phase(1996-2000):
– laying the foundation for building a national
information network
• 2nd phase(2001-2005)
– Spreading the usage of information networks
• 3rd phase(2006-2010)
– Promoting a higher level of information network usage
National Computerization Agency
Major programs
• Promoting projects aimed at accelerated usage of the
information network in the public sector
• Building an information superhighway
• Creating the desirable environment for the information and
communication industry
• Establishing a legal framework
• Ensuring information security and standardization
National Computerization Agency
Korea Information Infrastructure
• Aim: To construct high-speed government and public
information networks
– KII-G: needs of public administration, research
institutes, and universities
– KII-P : needs of industry and general public
• Construction
– Operator: Korea Telecommunication, Dacom
– Fund : US $ 580 million
– Schedule: completed by 2010
National Computerization Agency
KII and Internet
• KII promotes the usage of Internet services
• Internet becomes the integral part of KII
• Vitalization of Internet as a basis of implementing
Electronic government
• Development of Web based application in the KII
National Computerization Agency
Policy Issues
• Demand-Pull vs. Supply-Push
– KII Plan coordinated by Government : Supply-Push Model
– Experience of Failed System in NBIS due to Insufficient Demand
– Shifts of Interest to Demand Side
– Nature of IT
• Consumer’s potential needs and market demand to be developed
• Unforeseen yet popular services generated by enabling technologies
– Interaction and Synergy Effects of Demand and Supply
National Computerization Agency
Policy Issues
• Roles of Government
– Strong Leadership in Economic Development Plan
– Different Environments in Managing the KII Plan
– Limited Roles of Government
– Bureaucratic Attitudes Are Still Alive
– Mixed Attittudes Held by Private Sectors
• Preferring liberalized business environment
• Seeking for direct government supports
National Computerization Agency
Internet Development and Policy
History of Internet use in Korea
o 1982 Installment of SDN(System Development Network) between
Seoul National University and Korea Institute of Electronics and
Telecommunication
o 1986 Establishment of KRNIC(Korea Network Information Center) at KAIST
o 1987 Interoperation of SDN with CSNet (9.6Kbps) extending to Research
and Education Network
o 1994 Starting ISP Businesses, Providing Internet services to the Public
o 1994 KRNIC move to NCA(National Computerization Agency)
o 1997 Establishment of Commerce Network in KOREA, stimulating Internet
Commerce
National Computerization Agency
Status of Internet Usage
o Status of Internet in Korea
Hosts
(Thousands)
Domains
Users
(Thousands)
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
7
61
13
192
36
579
73
2,664
131
8,045
138
366
731
2,500
o Internet Usage for Commerce
- Market size for ‘96 : 6.3 bil won (US $4.2 mil)
- Projection for year 2000 : 61.4 bil won (US $40.9 mil)
National Computerization Agency
Internet and New Businesses
• Application of Internet Technology to existing Businesses
- Banking, Shopping, Distribution, Retailing, etc
- Improving Efficiency and Productivity
• Intra-firms
• Between firms
• Between Producers and consumers
• Generation of New Businesses
- Huge Business opportunities provided by Large number of Users connected
to the Internet
- New production system and distribution channels
- Access to cyber market requiring Small Investment
National Computerization Agency
List of Internet Businesses
• Internet Network Service Providers (NSP) : KT, Dacom
• Hardware Manufacture
• Internet Connection Service Providers (ISP) : 22 (‘98.3)
Year
ISP
94
4
95
11
96
16
97
20
Mar-98
22
※ Commercial(‘98. 3) : 18, Non Profit ISP : 4
• Web Hosting Service Providers (WSP) : 120 (‘97)
• Internet Based S/W Developers
• Homepage Building Service
• Internet Contents Providers
• Internet Telephone and Fax
National Computerization Agency
Restructuring of Industrial
Organization and Internet Business
• Overrule of Large Businesses and Economic Crisis
• Strategic Shift toward SME’s and Internet Businesses
– New Government Strategy in favor of Small Businesses
– Recognition of Internet as a means of Supporting Small Businesses
– Easy Access to World Market with Modest Investment
– Internet Technology enabling New Ideas into Businesses along
with Venture Capital
National Computerization Agency
Strategies for Development of
Internet Businesses
• Improvement of Internet Backbone Network
• Development of Internet Business Services on the CATV Network
• Government Support for Internet Businesses
• Promotion of R&D Investment for Internet Technologies
• Government role in Electronic Commerce
• Reformation of Regulations, Rules for Promotion of Internet Businesses
National Computerization Agency
Improvement of Internet
Backbone network
• For the Short term : Examine traffic on the existing Internet
backbone to solve bottleneck point.
• For the long term : Use PUBNET and ATM to build Super-
high speed Internet backbone
- build more IX (Internet exchange point)
- 33.6Kbps → 56K bps
National Computerization Agency
Development of Internet Business
Services on the CATV Network
• Merit : Provide Internet Service in low price
• Bandwidth
Upstream
Downstream
Current
0.768 Mbps
10 Mbps
2002
10 Mbps
30 Mbps
• Status of HFC network
KT
KEPCO
Total
Fiber Optic
Cable
2,453.4
2,078.0
4,531.4
Coaxial
Cable
15,375.1
25,534.0
40,909.1
Total
17,828.5
27,612.0
45,440.5
National Computerization Agency
Government Support for Internet
Businesses
• Support Model Project of Commercial Activity based on Internet
• Support Next generation Internet Pilot Project
• Support APAN (Asia Pacific Advanced network) Activity
National Computerization Agency
Promotion of R&D Investment for
Internet Technologies
• Direction
- Driving force to develop new technology through Industrial-educational
cooperation
- positive utilization of Forward Delivery Trial Network to verify Internet
technology which will be developed
- Reinforce exchange information between Standardization and R& D
National Computerization Agency
Government Roles in EC
• Constructing technical infrastructure
– EC related technology
– Standards for electronic document
– Physical network infrastructure
• Preparing legal and institutional arrangement
• Constructing the environment for elevating the social
acknowledgement on EC
• Establishing the national strategy for issues on global EC
and internal cooperation
National Computerization Agency
Government initiatives for EC In
Korea
• Government took full initiatives in major areas during the
introduction of EDI in Korea
– logistics, customs, taxation, procurement
• Market formation as a investor and a user
• Promulgated independent EDI law for the first time in the
world(1992)
• EDI is considered an integral part of the major social overhead
capital
• MOTI(Ministry of Trade and Industry) and MIC(Ministry of
Information) are major actors in EC policy.
National Computerization Agency
Policy direction
in Internet based EC
• Foster market mechanism and private sector initiatives
• More focus on production and logistics than consumption
• Active participation to Int’l cooperation
• Effective division of responsibility among government and
private sector
National Computerization Agency
Some Measure for Expansion of
EC over the Internet
• Tariffs on Internet transaction
– Visible merchandise : tariff as present
– Invisible product : tentatively tariff-free
• Regulation on Contents
– Development of consumer protect measure
– Self regulation against harmful contents
• Preparation of Electronic Fund Transfer Act (during 1998)
• Operation of EC supporting Center for SME’s
• Launching and supporting EC pilot project in the public &
private sector
– Risk taking and awareness elevation
National Computerization Agency
Thank you !
National Computerization Agency