Transcript RAC on Windows 2003

RAC on
Windows 2003
Julian Dyke
Independent Consultant
Web Version
1
© 2006 Julian Dyke
juliandyke.com
Introduction

2
This presentation describes Windows specific RAC
configuration issues including:

Installation
 Pre installation steps
 Installing Oracle Clusterware
 Installing Oracle Database Software
 Patches
 Post installation steps

Administration
 Services
 Networking
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Warning
3

This presentation is intended to supplement information in the
Oracle documentation

It is NOT intended to replace the Oracle documentation

Most of the information contained in this presentation was
correct for Oracle 10.2
 Some information applies to earlier releases
 Where appropriate this is highlighted in the slides
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Overview
4

Oracle RAC is available on Windows in
 Standard Edition
 Enterprise Edition

Standard Edition must use Automatic Storage Management
(ASM)

Enterprise Edition can use
 Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
 Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS)
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Shared Oracle Home
5

Oracle Clusterware (CRS) MUST be installed in a local
directory on each node

Oracle Database Software can be installed in a shared Oracle
home on the cluster file system
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Installation
6
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Pre-Installation
Steps
7
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Pre-Installation Steps

Pre-Installation tasks include:







8
Check public interface is first in bind order
Disable Windows Media Sensing for TCP/IP
Disable Write Caching on Shared Storage
Enable Auto-mounting
Local drives must be accessible from all nodes
Environment variables
System clocks must be synchronized
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Public Interface Bind Order
9

The public interface must be the first in the bind order

To check this
 Start Windows Explorer
 Right click on My Network Places and choose Properties
 In the Advanced menu click Advanced Settings...
 In the Adapters and Bindings tab
 If the public interface is not the first name listed
 Click the arrow to move it to the top of the list
 Click OK to save the setting
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Windows Media Sensing for TCP/IP


Windows Media Sensing for TCP/IP must be disabled
To check this
 Run REGEDT32.EXE
 Navigate to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\
Services\Tcpip\Parameters
 Add the following registry entry:
 Right click on right hand pane and select
 New -> DWORD value
Value Name:
Value:

10
DisableDHCPMediaSense
1
NOTE - It is recommended that you backup the registry before
making changes using REDEDT32.EXE / REGEDIT.EXE
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Write Caching

Write Caching must be disabled on shared storage

To disable write caching at operating system level:





11
Start->Settings->Control Panel->Administrative Tools->
Computer Management->Device Manager->Disk Drives
Expand the disk drives list
Double-click the first drive listed
 On the Disk Properties tab uncheck the write cache
enabled option
Repeat for all remaining disk drives
Not necessary if using HP Array Manager as write caching is
automatically disabled at operating system level
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Disk Manager

To start the Disk Management tool:
 Start->Administrative Tools->Computer Management->
Storage->Disk Management

Alternatively the Disk Management tool can be started from
the command line using:
C:> DISKMGMT.MSC
12
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Auto-Mounting

Auto-mounting must be enabled when using
 RAC with raw partitions
 RAC with cluster file system
 Oracle Clusterware
 Logical drives for ASM

Auto-mounting must be enabled on each node in the cluster

To check if auto-mounting is enabled use:
C:> DISKPART
DISKPART> AUTOMOUNT
Automatic mounting of new volumes disabled
13
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Auto-Mounting

To enable auto-mounting use:
C:> DISKPART
DISKPART> AUTOMOUNT ENABLE
Automatic mounting of new volumes enabled
DISKPART> EXIT
14

Repeat on each node in the cluster

Restart all nodes after configuring this setting
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Local Drive Accessibility

Local drives must be accessible from all nodes

To check local drive accessibility:
 For each node
 For each local drive to be used by the Oracle
installation
 Use NET USE command to confirm accessibility

For example if Oracle will be installed on E$ in a two-node
cluster containing nodes RAC1 and RAC2
On RAC1:

NET USE \\RAC2\E$

On RAC2:
NET USE \\RAC1\E$
15
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Environment Variables
16

On each node the following environment variables must be set
 TEMP
 TMP

By default these are set to
 %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temp

Oracle recommends these are redefined as follows
 TEMP=C:\TEMP
 TMP=C:\TMP

These settings should be the same on each node
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Time Synchronization



It is recommended that the system clocks are synchronized
between all nodes in the cluster
 appears to be less important in Oracle 10g Release 2 than
in previous RAC versions
To synchronize the system clocks enable the Windows Time
Service on one node
The current time server for a node can be discovered using:
NET TIME /QUERYSNTP
The current SNTP server is: node2

The current time server for a node can be set using:
NET TIME /SETSNTP:<hostname>

For example:
NET TIME /SETSNTP:SGHRAC1
17
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Time Synchronization

The current time on a node can be discovered using
NET TIME \\NODE1
Current time at \\NODE1 is 20/02/2006 10:50

To initially synchronize the time use
NET TIME \\NODE1 /SET
Current time at \\NODE1 is 20/02/2006 10:56
The current local clock is 20/03/2006 10:54
Do you want to set the local computer's time to match the
time at \\node1? (Y/N) [Y]: y
The command completed successfully.
18
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Oracle
Clusterware
Installation
19
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Oracle Clusterware Installation
20

To install Oracle Clusterware
 Login as Local Administrator only

The documentation states that Clusterware can be installed
using Domain Administrator
 Installation currently fails when attempting to start
Clusterware services
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Oracle Clusterware Installation
21

In Oracle 10.1 Oracle Clusterware was called Cluster Ready
Services (CRS)

In Oracle 10.1 to set up CRS run CRS/SETUP.EXE

DO NOT run CRS/INSTALL/SETUP.exe
 This will cause the installation to fail.
 See Metalink Note 277688.1 - CRS Install: Failed to locate
service OracleCSSService on second node

Also make sure that the install path does not include any
spaces

In Oracle 10.2 there is only one SETUP.EXE program
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Oracle Clusterware Installation
22

During installation the OracleClusterPreInstService is installed
on each node to provide a list of available drives

This service uses ORACLECLUSTERPREINSTSERVICE.EXE
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Oracle Clusterware Installation

To manually delete a failed clusterware installation:

Stop and delete all Oracle services. For example:
SC STOP OracleCRService
SC DELETE OracleCRService
23

Delete contents of Oracle Clusterware home directory

If required delete Oracle inventory directory
 C:\Program Files\Oracle

Use REGEDIT to remove Oracle keys from registry
 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle

Use Oracle Object Manager to delete links to OCR and Voting
disk
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Oracle Object Manager

If using raw devices
 Oracle Object Manager is used to create links for
 OCR
 Voting Disk

Pathname is
 %ORACLE_HOME%\bin\GUIObjectOBJManager

Link names are:
 ocrcfg
 votedsk1

Executed automatically by the OUI during installation
Must be executed manually during manual deinstallation

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Oracle Object Manager

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For example
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Oracle
Database Software
Installation
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Database Installation

27
The script %ORACLE_HOME%\bin\SelectHome.bat must be
executed on all remote nodes to activate the following
products:
 Oracle Data Provider for .NET
 Oracle Provide for OLE DB
 Oracle Objects for OLE
 Oracle Counters for Windows Performance Monitor
 Oracle Administration Assistant
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Automatic
Storage
Management
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Automatic Storage Management


29
ASM disks must be stamped before they can be used by ASM
Can be stamped
 Using ASMTOOL command line utility
 Using ASMTOOLG GUI utility
 During ASM instance creation process in DBCA
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ASMTOOLG
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Cluster
File System
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Cluster File System
32

If selected in the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) session then
the Oracle Cluster File System is installed automatically

It is not necessary to download OCFS separately (as would be
the case in Linux for example)
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Cluster File System


To create partitions use OCFSFORMAT
Recommended block sizes are:
Software (Shared ORACLE_HOME)
Database files

4
1024
For example:
OCFSFORMAT /l R:/C 1024 /V REDO
33
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Patches
34
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Patches

In addition to normal patch sets additional cumulative patches
are issued for Oracle on Windows platforms

For example
 10.1.0.3 Patch 5
 10.2.0.1 Patch 3

Install the latest cumulative patch for the platform

For example in Oracle 10.2 available patches include
 10.2.0.1.0 Patch 2 (10.2.0.1.2P) Patch 4751342
 10.2.0.1.0 Patch 3 (10.2.0.1.3P) Patch 4751539
 10.2.0.1.0 Patch 4 (10.2.0.1.4P) Patch 4923768
At the time of writing Patch 4 was recommended

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© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Patches
36

Current Windows patch sets are documented on Metalink

For Oracle 10.1
 See Metalink Note 276548.1 - 10.1.0.x Oracle Database and
Networking Patches for Microsoft Platforms

For Oracle 10.2
 See Metalink Note 342443.1 10.2.0.x Oracle Database and
Networking Patches for Microsoft Platforms

Both reference
 Note 161549.1 - Oracle Database Server and Networking
Patches for Microsoft Platforms
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Patch Set Installation





37
Installing Oracle 10.1.0.3 Patch 5
The patch set should be installed in both the Clusterware
home and the Oracle database home Run Setup.exe in the
Oracle database home
After installing the CRS Patch on each node stop all CRS
services (Service Management)
 OracleCRService
 OracleEVMService
 OracleCSService
 OracleClusterVolumeService
Run C:\Oracle\product\10.1\crs\install\patch10103.bat
After installing Oracle database software patch on one node,
run $ORACLE_HOME\bin\SelectHome.bat on remaining nodes
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Patch Set Installation






Installing Oracle 10.2.0.1 Patch 3
The patch set should only be installed in the Oracle database
home and does not affect CRS
Patch is installed using OPATCH
OPATCH should be upgraded to 10.2.0.1.1 or above
 Patch# : 4898608
Stop all services using %ORACLE_HOME%
Install 10.2.0.1.3 using
OPATCH APPLY
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Patch Set Installation






Installing Oracle 10.2.0.1 Patch 4
The patch set should be installed in both the Clusterware and
RDBMS home directories
 Patch 4: 4923768
Patch is installed using OPATCH
OPATCH should be upgraded to 10.2.0.1.1 or above in both
Clusterware and RDBMS home directories
 Patch# : 4898608
Stop all services using %ORACLE_HOME%
Install 10.2.0.1 Patch 4 using
OPATCH APPLY
39
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Post-Installation
Steps
40
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Post Installation

41
Post installation tasks include:
 Make files node-specific (Shared Oracle home only)
 Create ORA_DBA group on remaining nodes
 Set Log on as a Batch Job privilege for Enterprise Manager
users
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Make Files Node-Specific

If using shared Oracle Home on OCFS file system
 After database creation using DBCA the HC files must be
made node-specific.
 Applies to Oracle 10.1 (at least)

On each host these files have the pathname:
%ORACLE_HOME%\DATABASE\HC_<instance_name>.DAT

For example on instance RAC1
%ORACLE_HOME%\DATABASE\HC_RAC1.DAT
42
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Make Files Node-Specific

For example on node node1:
srvctl stop instance -d RAC -i RAC1
ocfsutil /c NodeSpecificFile /o create /m h:
/p oracle\product\10.1.0\db\database\hc_rac1.dat
srvctl start instance -d RAC -i RAC1

43
Repeat for remaining instances
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Log on as a batch job



44
Users must have the Log on as a batch job privilege for
Enterprise Manager to work correctly
 Start->Administrative Tools->Local Security Policy->
 Security Settings->Local Policies->
 User Rights Assignment->Log on as a batch job
 Assign privilege for each administrative users
 Repeat on each node
There is a description of this problem in Metalink
 Note 279765.1 "Error Message
'RemoteOperationException: ERROR: Wrong password for
users' when trying to startup or shutdown the database
from the Enterprise Manager console"
There is a description of the resolution in Metalink
 Note 109188.1 How to Set "Logon as a Batch Job"
Privileges on Windows 2000 Systems
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ORA_DBA Group
45

Administrators must be members of this group on each node
in order to use / AS SYSDBA

By default ORA_DBA group is only created on installation
node
 Not created on remaining nodes
 Must be created manually

See Metalink Notes
 177354.1 RAC: Connect AS SYSDBA Fails with ORA-01031
 77665.1 - Guide to setup/enable OS authentication to
Connect using OS user account
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ORA_DBA Group

46
To create new ORA_DBA group and add users
 Start->Administrative Tools->Computer Management->
 System Tools->Local Users and Groups->Groups
 Right click and select New
 Name is ORA_DBA
 Description is Oracle DBA Group
 Add user e.g. XYZDOM\abc.admin
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Administration
47
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Environment Variables
48

Environment variables are stored in the registry

Can be set using:
 Start -> Control Panel -> System ->
 Advanced-> Environment Variables
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Registry Keys

Oracle registry entries are stored in


The inventory location is defined in


C:\Program Files\Oracle\Inventory
The Oracle Cluster Repository location is stored in

49
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle\inst_loc
The default inventory location is:


HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle\OCR\ocrconfig_loc
© 2006 Julian Dyke
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Registry

By default CRS-related keys are stored in


For example



HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle\KEY_OraDb10g_home
For example



50
ORA_CRS_HOME
ORACLE_HOME
By default database keys are stored in


HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle\KEY_OraCr10g_home
ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
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Scheduler
51

Windows contains a job scheduler

To schedule a job e.g. overnight backup use
 Start->Control Panel->Scheduled Tasks->
 Add Scheduled Task

A wizard will step through the configuration steps
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Services
52
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Services
53

Oracle uses Windows services
 Similar to Unix daemons
 Configured in windows registry

All Oracle services have the "Oracle" prefix

The following services are created during Clusterware
installation
 Oracle Object Service
 OracleClusterVolumeService
 OracleCRService
 OracleCSService
 OracleEVMService
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Services
54

The following services are created by DBCA during ASM
instance configuration
 OracleOraDb10g_home1TNSListenerLISTENER_<node>
 OracleASMService<ASM_instance_name>

The following services are created by DBCA during database
instance configuration
 OracleJobScheduler<instance_name>
 OracleService<instance_name>
 OracleDBConsole<Instance_name>
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Services

55
Windows services can be controlled in three ways
 Using the GUI
 Using the NET command
 Using the SC command
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Services

To control services using the GUI
 Start->Administrative Tools->Services
 Click on a service from the list of available services

Alternatively the Service Management tool can be started from
the command line using:
C:> SERVICES.MSC

56
Single click allows you to control the service including:
 Start / Stop
 Pause/Continue
 Restart
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Services

57
Double click allows you to manage the service including:
 Start / Stop / Pause / Continue
 Specify the startup type
 Automatic
 Manual
 Disabled
 Change the login type
 Local System Account
 Named User
 Specify recovery parameters
 Specify dependencies
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Services


Services can be controlled using the NET command
To check which services are running use:
NET START

Use the MORE command to control the output
NET START | MORE


58
Note that this command only prints information about
services which are currently running
Use the SC command to list services which are currently
stopped
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Services

To start a service use:
NET START <service_name>

For example:
NET START OracleServiceRAC1

To stop a service use:
NET STOP <service_name>

For example:
NET STOP OracleServiceRAC1
59
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Services



Services can also be controlled using the SC command
Available on Windows 2003 and Windows XP
To print the help message use:
SC


60
This prints generic help and asks if you wish to see help
for the QUERY and QUERYEX options
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Services

To start a service use:
SC START <service_name>

For example:
SC START OracleServiceRAC1

To stop a service use:
SC STOP <service_name>

For example:
SC STOP OracleServiceRAC1
61
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Services

To query the status of all running services use:
SC QUERY

To query the status of all services use:
SC QUERY STATE= ALL



Note that the syntax for this command is very sensitive
You must have
 No space between STATE and =
 Space between = and ALL
Use the MORE command to control the output:
SC QUERY STATE= ALL | MORE
62
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Services

To query the status of an individual service use:
SC QUERY <service_name>

For example:
SC QUERY OracleServiceRAC1
C:\> SC QUERY OracleServiceRAC1
SERVICE_NAME: OracleServiceRAC1
TYPE
: 10 WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
STATE
: 4 RUNNING
(STOPPABLE, PAUSABLE, ACCEPTS_SHUTDOWN)
WIN32_EXIT_CODE
: 0 (0x0)
SERVICE_EXIT_CODE : 0 (0x0)
CHECKPOINT
: 0x0
WAIT_HINT
: 0x0
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Services

To delete an individual service use:
SC DELETE <service_name>

For example:
SC DELETE OracleCRService

64
This may be necessary if you need to:
 tidy up after a failed installation
 remove Oracle manually
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Tasklist

To list relationship between processes and services use:
TASKLIST /SVC

For example:
C:\> TASKLIST /SVC
Image Name
--------------------evmd.exe
crsd.exe
TNSLSNR.EXE
OracleOBJService.exe
oracle.exe
OcfsFindVol.exe
nmesrvc.exe
oracle.exe
ocssd.exe
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PID
---2236
2216
4936
832
1964
1552
1580
1628
2412
Services
-------------OracleEVMService
OracleCRService
OracleOraDb10g_home1TNSListenerLISTENER_NODE1
Oracle Object Service
OracleASMService+ASM
OracleClusterVolumeService
OracleDBConsolePDS1
OracleServicePDS1
OracleCSService
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Networking
66
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Hosts
67

In Windows the hosts file is typically located in
 C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc

The format is similar to Unix. For example:
© 2006 Julian Dyke
RAC1
RAC2
10.47.0.101
10.47.0.102
RAC1-vip
RAC2-vip
10.47.0.201
10.47.0.202
RAC1-priv
RAC2-priv
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
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HOSTNAME


The name of the current node can be obtained at the
command line using the HOSTNAME command
For example
C:\> HOSTNAME
node1
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PING



As in Unix the PING utility can be used to verify network
connections
By default only four ICMP probes are performed
For example:
C:\> PING NODE2
Pinging NODE2 [10.131.60.202] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply
Reply
Reply
Reply
from
from
from
from
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
time<1ms
time<1ms
time<1ms
time<1ms
TTL=128
TTL=128
TTL=128
TTL=128
Ping statistics for 10.131.60.202:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss).
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
69
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PING



By default PING uses a packet size of 32 bytes.
The default TCP/IP packet size is around 1400 bytes
 Can be increased by configuring jumbo frames
 Maximum packet size with jumbo frames is about 9000
bytes (network card and switch specific)
To confirm that the network has been correctly configured to
use jumbo frames use the ping command:
PING -L <packet_size> -F <hostname>


where <packet_size> is the size in bytes
For example
PING -L 1600 -F RAC1
70
© 2006 Julian Dyke
juliandyke.com
PING

For example assume the default TCP/IP configuration
C:\> PING -L 1400 -F NODE2
Pinging NODE2 [10.131.60.202] with 1400 bytes of data:
Reply
Reply
Reply
Reply
from
from
from
from
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
10.131.60.202:
bytes=1400
bytes=1400
bytes=1400
bytes=1400
time<1ms
time<1ms
time<1ms
time<1ms
TTL=128
TTL=128
TTL=128
TTL=128
......
C:\> PING -L 1600 -F NODE2
Pinging NODE2 [10.131.60.202] with 1600 bytes of data:
Packet
Packet
Packet
Packet
needs
needs
needs
needs
to
to
to
to
be
be
be
be
fragmented
fragmented
fragmented
fragmented
but
but
but
but
DF
DF
DF
DF
set
set
set
set
.....
71
© 2006 Julian Dyke
juliandyke.com
IPCONFIG



IPCONFIG can be used to verify network configurations
Similar to ifconfig on Unix systems
For example:
C:\> IPCONFIG
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Public Team:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
.
.
:
: 192.168.200.1
: 255.255.255.0
:
10.131.60.201
255.255.0.0
10.131.60.101
255.255.0.0
10.131.60.254
Virtual IP
Address
Public IP
Address
Ethernet adapter Private Team:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
72
© 2006 Julian Dyke
DNS
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
Private IP
Address
juliandyke.com
ARP



As on Unix systems ARP can be used to view the current
contents of the ARP cache
Maps IP addresses to MAC (Ethernet) addresses
For example:
C:\> ARP-A
73
Interface: 10.130.60.230 --- 0x10005
Internet Address
Physical Address
10.131.60.96
00-0b-cd-3a-19-48
10.131.60.202
00-15-60-55-12-81
10.131.60.203
00-0b-cd-6d-3c-5b
10.131.60.207
00-0f-20-f9-c9-ba
10.131.60.209
00-0f-20-f9-84-65
10.131.60.210
00-0b-cd-41-b5-72
Type
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
Interface: 192.168.200.1 --- 0x10006
Internet Address
Physical Address
192.168.200.2
00-11-0a-5a-42-63
Type
dynamic
© 2006 Julian Dyke
juliandyke.com
Acknowledgements
74

Thanks for help in the preparation of this presentation to:
 Stephen Bendall
 Tak Tang
 John Plowman
 Lee Cashmore
 Dirk Schmidt
 Davy Witvrouwen

Julian Dyke
 Independent Consultant
 Web Site:
www.juliandyke.com
 Email:
[email protected]
 Mobile:
+44 7917 360777
© 2006 Julian Dyke
juliandyke.com