Transcript Origins of Islam - Walker World History

Origins of Islam
Chapter 10 Section 1
Where it all began-Geography

The Arabian
Peninsula
Modern Day
Countries:
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
UAE
Yemen
Where it all began -Geography

Physical Features

Desert
Some parts reach 100
Degrees everyday in the
summer
 Sand dunes stretch
hundreds of miles


Water exists in oases

Wet fertile area in a desert
How People Lived

Nomads
Lived in tents
 Raised herds of goats, sheep, and camels
 Traveled around in search of food and water
 Tribes offered safety

How People Lived

Towns
People who settled in oases
 Farmed
 Became centers of trade
 Merchants

Beginnings of Islam (Vocab)
Islam - Submit to
God
 Muslims - People
who practice
Islam
 Qur’an - the holy
book of Islam
 Mosque - Building
for Muslim Prayer

Beginnings of Islam
Muhammad - Founder of Islam
He was born around 570 in Mecca
He managed a caravan business for a
wealthy woman, Khadijah
Married Khadijah at age 25
In Mecca the tradition was for the wealthy
to give to the poor, but this was not
happening often
Beginnings of Islam

Around age 40 Muhammad was praying
and meditating when an angel spoke to
him and said,


“Recite in the name of your Lord who
created, created man from clots of blood!
Recite! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful One,
who by the pen taught man what he did not
know.”
Muslims believe God made Muhammad
a prophet
Beginnings of Islam

Muhammad continued to receive
messages from God for the rest of his
life and these were recorded in the
Qur’an
Spread of Islam

Muhammad was forced out of Mecca
and fled to Medina (the Hegira) in 622

This year is the 1st year of the Islamic
calendar
He became a spiritual and political
leader in Medina
 Died in 632, but Islam continued to
spread

Islamic Beliefs
There is only one God, Allah, which
means “the God” in Arabic
 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all
believe in the same God, just what they
believe about God is different
 All people who believe in Allah are
bound like a family and should take care
of each other
 Urged slaveholders to be kinder

Muslim Empires
Chapter 10
Section 2
Muhammad’s Death
Muhammad died in 632 after a
pilgrimage to Mecca
 Disagreement between Muslim groups

Abu Bakr - Sunni
 Ali - Shiite

Abu Bakr

Abu Bakr is named Caliph

Successor to Muhammad
Muhammad’s closest companion and
adviser
 First convert to Islam
 Muhammad married Aisha, his daughter
 Led pilgrimage to Mecca in 631

Arab tribes united

Many tribes were loyal to Muhammad,
but not Islam

Many did not like mandatory zakat
Abu Bakr used military force to compel
tribes to convert to Islam
 United Arab tribes under one leader and
stopped fighting between tribes

Victory

Under the first four
Caliphs the united
Arabs conquered
large portions of
the Byzantine
Empire and the
entire Persian
Empire
Umayyad & Abbasid
Caliphate
Chapter 10
Umayyad Dynasty
Ali was assassinated in 661
 Mu’awiya took control and started the
Umayyad Dynasty


5th Caliph
Mu’awiya
Emphasized a more secular government
 Moved capital to Damascus
 Modeled government after Byzantine
 Named his son Yazid as his successor

Yazid
Challenged and killed Hussein (Ali’s son)
in Karbala
 Ruled for a short period of time

Abd ‘al-Malik
Ruled 20 years
 Unified the empire

Made Arabic the common language
 Constructed mosques
 Unified coinage


Dome of the Rock constructed during his
reign
Umayyad Expansion

Abd ‘al-Malik’s heirs expanded the empire
and ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the
Indus River
Abbasid Dynasty

Defeated the Umayyad Dynasty in 750

Joined with other groups opposed to secular
government to bring down the Umayyad
Moved the capital to Baghdad
 Leaders were Arab, but influenced by
Persians
 Contact with Chinese

Abbasid Dynasty – The Golden
Age
9th and 10th Century
 Established Beyt al Hikma (House of
Wisdom)
 Al Khwarizmi developed the number
system we use today



Father of algebra
Translated Greek, Persian, and Hindu
texts and became a center of knowledge
Abbasid Dynasty – The Golden
Age

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
Canon of Medicine 1025
 The first medical encyclopedia


A Thousand and One Nights 12th
Century
Decline

Mongol invasion in 1258

Burned Baghdad and destroyed the palaces
and the centers of learning and research