Transcript Unit 5: The Growing Nation

Bell Work
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1) Define the vocabulary words listed below:
Favorite son
Majority
Plurality
Mudslinging
Suffrage
Spoils System
2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term
correctly.
Unit 5: The Growing
Nation
Chapter 11: The Jackson Era
Chapter 12: Manifest Destiny
Chapter 13: North and South
Chapter 14: The Age of Reform
Chapter 11: The Jackson Era
• Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
• Section 3: Jackson and The Bank
Chapter 11 Section 1: Jacksonian
Democracy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and John Quincy Adams were
favorite son candidates
No one received a majority of electoral votes
House of Representatives decided election
The Corrupt
Bargain
The Adams
Presidency
Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams
Clay uses his influence as Speaker of the House to help
Adams win
Adams gives Clay Secretary of State position
“Corrupt bargain” overshadowed his presidency
Stronger navy, scientific expeditions, direct federal
involvement in economic growth
Congress rejected many of Adams’ proposals
Congress advocated a limited role for federal government
Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• President John Quincy Adams- 1843
Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• President Andrew Jackson- Official White
House Portrait
Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• Senator Henry Clay- Kentucky
Chapter 11 Section 1: Jacksonian
Democracy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Election of 1828
Democratic-Republicans split into two parties: National
Republicans and Democratic Republicans
Democratic-Republicans nominated Andrew Jackson
National Republicans nominated John Quincy Adams
Mudslinging was introduced
Election slogans, campaign events, buttons, and rallies were
introduced
Andrew Jackson becomes the 7th U.S. President
What changes were
made under President
Jackson?
Suffrage expanded for white men
State constitutions changed to allow people to choose
presidential electors
Caucus system replaced with nominating conventions
State delegates choose presidential candidates
Jackson instituted the spoils system
Review and Process
• 1) Why did the House of Representatives decide the
election of 1824?
• 2) What was the “corrupt bargain?”
• 3) What did President Adams hope to accomplish as
president?
• 4) Why was the election of 1828 different from prior
presidential elections?
• 5) What changes were made under President Jackson?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you learned
today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Tariff
 Nullify
 Secede
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 11 Section 1: Jacksonian
Democracy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Tariff of 1828
1828- passed by Congress
Made European goods more expensive
Manufacturers in the Northeast supported the tariff
Believed Americans would buy American-made goods
Southerners protested because they traded cotton for
European goods
Nullification and
Secession
John C. Calhoun argued for nullification and secession
Calhoun believed states had a right to cancel federal laws
Calhoun argued it was states that formed the federal
government
Calhoun argued states have rights and powers independent
of the federal government
Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• Vice President John C. Calhoun- South
Carolina
Chapter 11 Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Nullification Crisis
Congress passed a lower tariff in 1832
South Carolina state legislature passed Nullification Act
stating that it would not pay tariffs of 1828 or 1832
South Carolina threatened to secede
President Jackson stated the Union must be preserved
Henry Clay’s
Compromise
Proposed compromise bill to end Nullification Crisis
Gradually lower tariff of 1832 over several years
South Carolina accepts the bill
Force Bill 1833
1833- President Jackson convinced Congress to pass this bill
Stated the president can use military force to enforce acts of
Congress
South Carolina “nullified” the act but did accept Clay’s
compromise tariff bill
Review and Process
• 1) Why did the Tariff of 1828 divide the
country between North and South?
• 2) Why did Vice-President John Calhoun argue
for nullification?
• 3) What was the Nullification Crisis?
• 4) Why was the Force Bill passed?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Relocate
 Guerilla Tactics
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 11 Section 2: Conflicts Over
Land
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Indian Removal Act
1830
President Jackson supported relocating Native
Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River
1830-Passed by Congress
Federal government paid Native Americans to move
west
President Jackson sent officials to negotiate treaties
with Native American groups
Indian Territory 1834
Created by Congress for Native Americans from
Southeast
Present-day Oklahoma
Chapter 11 Section 2: Conflicts Over
Land
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Cherokee
Nation
Lived in present-day Georgia and Alabama
Refused to give up their lands
1790’s- Treaties recognized the Cherokee as separate
nation
Georgia did not recognize Cherokee laws
Worcester v. Georgia Cherokee nation sued the Georgia in U.S. Supreme
1832
Court
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled Georgia had no right
to interfere with the Cherokee
Marshall stated only the federal government had
authority in matters involving the Cherokee
President Jackson supported Georgia’s efforts to
remove the Cherokee
Chapter 11 Section 2: Conflicts Over
Land
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Trail of Tears 1838
Forced march west of the Cherokee nation from their
homeland to present-day Oklahoma
General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops came to
remove the Cherokee by force
4,000 Cherokee died
The Seminoles
Live in Florida
1832- went to war against the U.S.
Led by Chief Osceola
Used guerilla tactics against U.S. armed forces
1842- U.S. gave up trying to remove the Seminole
1,500 U.S. soldiers were killed
Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
• General Winfield Scott
Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
• Trail of Tears
Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
• Osceola
Review and Process
• 1) What was the Indian Removal act of 1830?
• 2) Why was the Indian Territory created in
1834?
• 3) Why was Worcester v. Georgia a significant
case in U.S. History?
• 4) What was the Trail of Tears?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Veto
 Depression
 Log Cabin Campaign
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 11 Section 3: Jackson and the
Bank
Main Idea
Supporting Details
How was the Bank
of the United
States used against
President Jackson
in the 1832
election?
President Jackson believed it was an organization of the
wealthy classes
1832- Bank president Nicolas Biddle applies for new
charter 4 years early
Biddle, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster hoped to use the
Bank to defeat Jackson in 1832 election
If Jackson vetoed the charter, he would lose popular support
Jackson vetoed charter and wins re-election
How did President Jackson ordered withdrawal of federal government funds .
Jackson “kill” the
Bank of the United Jackson ordered federal funds deposited into state banks
1836- Biddle refused to renew the Bank’s charter
States?
Section 3: Jackson and the Bank
• Nicholas Biddle- President of the Bank of the
United States
Chapter 11 Section 3: Jackson and the
Bank
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Election of 1836
Jackson supported Martin Van Buren from New
York
Van Buren becomes 8th President of United States
Panic of 1837
Land values dropped, investments dropped,
businesses closed, banks failed, thousands of people
lost jobs
Inflation caused prices to rise
Van Buren believed in a laissez-faire policy
The Whigs
1830’s
Political party that opposed Jackson’s policies
Supremacy of Congress over the Executive Branch
Programs of modernization and economic
protectionism
Chapter 11 Section 3: Jackson and the
Bank
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Log Cabin
Campaign
1840- “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” campaign slogan in
presidential election
Harrison in political cartoons showing him in front of
a log cabin
Log cabin became symbol of the Whig Party
Harrison’s Presidency
Harrison wins election of 1840
Harrison became sick with pneumonia and died on
April 4, 1841
Vice-President John Tyler becomes 10th President of
the United States
Tyler often disagreed with the Whig Party,
Chapter 11 Section 3: Jackson and
the Bank
• President William Henry Harrison
Source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/hall/big/bigwhharr.gif
Review and Process
• 1) How was the Bank of the United States used against
President Jackson in the 1832 election?
• 2) What was the outcome of the presidential election
of 1832?
• 3) How did President Jackson “kill” the Bank of the
United States?
• 4) What was the Panic of 1837?
• 5) Who were the Whigs?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Joint Occupation
 Mountain Man
 Manifest Destiny
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 12: Manifest Destiny
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Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
The Oregon Country
Independence for Texas
War with Mexico
New Settlers in California and Utah
Chapter 12 Section 1: The Oregon
Country
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Competition for the
Oregon Territory
Area between Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ocean
United States, Britain, Spain, and Russia
1819-Spain lost its claim with Adams-Onis Treaty
1824- Russia gave up its land claims
1825- Britain and the U.S. agreed to divide Oregon at
the 49th parallel
Britain and the U.S. continued joint occupation
American Settlement
in Oregon
First American settlers in Oregon were mountain men
Became familiar with rivers, mountains, and trails
Beaver trappers and guides for other settlers
Most settlers moved there because of abundant and
fertile land
Chapter 12 Section 1: Oregon
Country
• Map of Oregon Territory
Chapter 12 Section 1: The Oregon
Country
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Oregon Trail
A 2,000 mile trail from Missouri to the Pacific Ocean
The trail crossed the Great Plains, went through the
South Pass, and along the Snake and Columbia Rivers
Most pioneers traveled on this trail in covered wagons
called prairie schooners
Manifest Destiny
Idea that the United States was destined to spread
across the North American continent
Americans who emigrated to Oregon demanded
annexation
U.S. had to find a way to remove Britain’s claim
Chapter 12 Section 1: The Oregon
Country
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Election of 1844
James K. Polk nominated by the Democratic Party
Henry Clay nominated by the Whigs
Main issue was the annexation of Oregon
Polk’s campaign slogan was “54 40’ or Fight!” the
northern border for the U.S. should be at 54th parallel
Polk won the election and became the 11th President
of United States
How did the U.S. and U.S. wanted Britain to agree to 54 degrees 40’
Britain settle the
Britain would not agree
dispute over Oregon? June 1846- Britain and the U.S. agreed to the 49th
parallel
Fulfilling “Manifest Destiny,” now meant turning their
attention to Texas
Chapter 12 Section 1: Oregon
Country
• President James K. Polk
Review and Process
• 1) Which nations were competing for the Oregon
Country?
• 2) Which two nations held joint occupation of the
Oregon Country after 1825?
• 3) Who were the first American settlers in the Oregon
Country?
• 4) What was Manifest Destiny?
• 5) How did Britain and the U.S. settle their dispute over
Oregon?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you learned
today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Tejanos
 Empresario
 Decree
 Annex
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 12 Section 2: Independence for
Texas
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Moses and Stephen
Austin
1821- Moses Austin received a land grant from Mexico to
create an American settlement in Texas
His son, Stephen, recruited 300 families to move to Texas
Settlement in Texas
Mexico’s Immigration
Policies 1830
Mexico wanted settlers
Mexico passed laws giving cheap land to settlers if they
learned Spanish, converted to Catholicism, and obeyed
Mexican law
Americans who refused to adopt Mexican ways
1830- more Americans lived in Texas than Mexicans
Mexico alarmed by the growing American population
Mexico forbade further immigration to Texas by Americans
Chapter 12 Section 2:
Independence for Texas
• Stephen Austin
Chapter 12 Section 2: Independence for
Texas
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Mexican president
Stephen Austin’s
request to make Texas a 1833- Visits Santa Anna to request immigration ban be
lifted and Texas to become a separate state
separate state
Immigration ban removed, Texas NOT a separate state
1834- Santa Anna declared himself dictator
Why did Texans want to
Stephen Austin arrested for sending a letter back to Texas
fight for their
instructing to make plans for independence
independence?
Texans no longer had any protection of their rights
Battle of Gonzales
1835
October 1835- Santa Anna sent troops to to punish the
Texans for being critical of him
Texans defeated the Mexican troops
First battle of the Texas Revolution
Chapter 12 Section 2:
Independence for Texas
• General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Review and Process
• 1) Who were Moses and Stephen Austin?
• 2) How did conflict emerge between American
settlers and the Mexican government in Texas?
• 3) What immigration policies did Mexico
establish in 1830?
• 4) Why did Stephen Austin meet with Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna in 1833?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
• Based on what you learned yesterday, complete
the following quick-write activity:
• Make an argument FOR or AGAINST annexing
Texas to the United States.
Chapter 12 Section 2: Independence for
Texas
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Battle of San
Antonio
1835
December 1835-Texan forces seized San Antonio
Many Texans left thinking the war was won
Santa Anna was determined to take back San Antonio
Battle of the Alamo
1836
February 1836- Santa Anna’s forces arrived in San Antonio
Santa Anna found remaining Texans in the Alamo
Santa Anna’s forces attacked but the Texans held them off
for 12 days
March 6, 1836- Mexican forces break in and killed nearly
everyone
“Remember the Alamo” became a rallying cry for Texan
forces
Chapter 12 Section 2:
Independence for Texas
• The Alamo
Chapter 12 Section 2: Independence for
Texas
Main Idea
Supporting Details
How did the Alamo help
the Texans win
independence?
Gave the Texan forces time to prepare for future battles
Texans declared their independence and name Sam
Houston as commander of all Texan forces
Battle of San Jacinto
April 21, 1836- Sam Houston’s Texan forces surprised Santa
Anna’s forces, killing 600 of his 1300 men
Houston’s troops captured Santa Anna
 May 13, 1836 Santa Anna forced to sign treaty recognizing
Texas as an independent country
The Lone Star Republic
(Republic of Texas)
September 1836- Sam Houston elected president of Texas
Houston asks President Andrew Jackson to annex Texas
Jackson refused because it would upset the balance of slave
and free states
December 29, 1845- Texas was annexed by United States
Chapter 12 Section 2:
Independence for Texas
• Sam Houston
Review and Process
• 1) Why did Texans want to fight for their
independence?
• 2) What was the first battle of the Texas Revolution?
• 3) Why was the Battle of the Alamo helpful to the
Texans?
• 4) What was the name of the independent nation of
Texas?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Cede
 Californios
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 12 Section 3: War with Mexico
Main Idea
Supporting Details
New Mexico
Manifest Destiny created interest among Americans in
acquiring New Mexico
1845- United States offered Mexico $30 million for New
Mexico and California
Dispute over the
southern border
How did war with
Mexico begin?
U.S believed it was the Rio Grande River
Mexico claimed the boundary was the Nueces River
Mexico refused the $30 million U.S. offer
U.S. sent troops under General Zachary Taylor to the territory
between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers
April 24, 1846- Mexican forces attacked Taylor’s troops
Americans who supported war claimed Mexico attacked on
U.S. soil
Americans who opposed war claimed the U.S. provoked the
attack
Chapter 12 Section 3: War with
Mexico
• General Zachary Taylor
Source:
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/mexicanwar/pictures/zachary-taylor.jpg
Chapter 12 Section 3: War With Mexico
Main Idea
Supporting Details
President Polk’s War
Plan
Drive Mexican troops out of the disputed territory
between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers
Secondly, seize New Mexico and California
Third, capture Mexico’s capital city, Mexico City
August 18, 1846- Santa Fe captured by U.S. General
Stephen Watts Kearney
Santa Fe
Mexico City
Rio Grande and
Nueces Rivers
September 1847- General Winfield Scott captured
Mexico City
February 1847-General Zachary Taylor seizes control
of the disputed territory
Chapter 12 Section 3: War With Mexico
Main Idea
Supporting Details
California- The Bear
Flag Republic
June 1846- American forces seized the city of Sonoma
American forces declared California an independent republic
called the Bear Flag Republic
July 1846- U.S. Commodore John Sloat captured the cities of
Monterrey and San Francisco
Sloat declared California a part of the United States
Many native Californians did not want the U.S. to take over
California
January 1847- California was under U.S. control
Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
February 1848- ended the Mexican War
Mexico gave up all claims to Texas
Texas border was fixed at the Rio Grande River
U.S. pays Mexico $15 million for California and New Mexico
(Mexican Cession)
Review and Process
• 1) Why were Americans interested in acquiring New
Mexico?
• 2) Explain the boundary dispute between Mexico and
the U.S. regarding Texas.
• 3) How did the Mexican War begin?
• 4) What was President Polk’s war strategy?
• 5) What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Forty-Niners
 Boomtowns
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 12 Section 4: New Settlers in
California and Utah
Main Idea
Supporting Details
California Gold Rush
1848-1849
1848- Gold was discovered in California
People from all parts of the world rushed to
California
Boomtowns emerged
Population of San Francisco explodes
What were the effects
of the gold rush?
Few miners achieved lasting wealth
Miners often lost their money from wild spending or
gambling
Merchants made money by charging miners inflated
prices for basic needs such as food, clothes, and tools
Many people decided to stay in California
Chapter 12 Section 4: California
and Utah
• Boomtown (Tombstone, AZ)
Chapter 12 Section 4: New Settlers in
California and Utah
Main Idea
Supporting Details
How did California
become a state?
Rapid population growth required a more efficient
state government
1849- A new state constitution was written
March 1850- California applied for statehood
South disapproved its state constitution banned
slavery
September 1850- California was admitted as a free
state
Chapter 12 Section 4: New Settlers in
California and Utah
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Mormons
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
1830- Created by Joseph Smith in New York
Forced to move from New York to Ohio, Missouri, and
Illinois
1844- Smith was killed by a mob in Illinois
Deseret
Brigham Young took over the Mormon Church
1846- Young led 12,000 Mormons on a pilgrimage to Great
Salt Lake in Utah
Mormons established a community called Deseret
Later renamed Salt Lake City
Chapter 12 Section 4: California
and Utah
• Brigham Young
Review and Process
• 1) Why did thousands of people rush to
California in 1848-1849?
• 2) What were the effects of the population
explosion in California?
• 3) How did California become a state?
• 4) Who were the Mormons?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Clipper Ship
 Telegraph
 Morse Code
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 13: North and South
•
•
•
•
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
The North’s Economy
The North’s People
Southern Cotton Kingdom
The South’s People
Chapter 13 Section 1: The North’s
Economy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Technology and
Industry
Changed the way Americans worked, traveled, and
communicated
Most technological and industrial improvements were made in
the North
Transportation
Steamboat allowed goods and people to move quickly along
inland waterways
1820-1850- 3,100 miles of canals were built
Clipper ships could travel 300 miles a day
Railroads
1860- 31,000 miles of railroad tracks linked cities in the North
and Midwest
Transformed trade and settlement in the nations’ interior
Grain, livestock, and dairy products were transported
Towns developed along the railroad routes
Chapter 13 Section 1: The
North’s Economy
• Railroad- 1800’s
Source: http://www.dallashistory.org/images/Railroads__small_.jpg
Chapter 13 Section 1: The North’s
Economy
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Communication
1844-Samuel Morse developed the telegraph
Used electric signals to send messages along wires
Morse Code was created to transmit messages
1860-more than 50,000 miles of telegraph lines
existed
Changes in Agriculture Railroads and canals create new markets for farmers
New inventions encouraged people to farm more
land and raise more crops
1837- John Deere invented the steel tipped plow
1846- Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical
reaper
Chapter 13 Section 1: The
North’s Economy
• Telegraph
Source: http://www.telegraphoffice.com/pages/images/Federal_Telegraph_Key.jpg
Review and Process
• 1) How did new technology and industry change
life in America?
• 2) How did the steamboat and railroads change
transportation in America?
• 3) What improvements were made in
communication?
• 4) What changes were made in agriculture?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Trade Union
 Strike
 Prejudice
 Discrimination
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 13 Section 2: The North’s People
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Northern Factories
Produced shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, clothing,
textiles, and agricultural machinery
Employees worked 11.4 hours per day
Dangerous and unpleasant working conditions
No laws existed to regulate to protect workers
Fight to improve
working conditions
1830’s- workers organized trade unions
Workers in New York City went on strike
Higher wages and a 10 hour workday
How did
industrialization
impact northern
cities?
People moved to the cities to fill factory jobs
1860- New York City’s population reached 800,000 and
Philadelphia’s reached 500,000
Overcrowding, run-down buildings, disease, and the threat
of fire
Chapter 13 Section 2: North’s People
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Immigration
Immigrants willing to work for low pay and long hours
Immigrants brought their language, customs, religion
Immigrants often faced prejudice and discrimination
How were African
Americans treated in
the North?
Racial prejudice and discrimination
Rhode Island and Pennsylvania passed laws prohibiting
African Americans from voting
Not allowed to attend public schools and were barred from
public facilities
How were women
treated in the North? Discriminated against in the workplace
Forced to work for less pay
Excluded from labor unions
Excluded from the workplace to create more jobs for men
Chapter 13 Section 2: North’s
People
• Ellis Island Immigrants
Source:
http://www.laputan.org/images/pictures/ellis%20island%20immigrants.gif
Review and Process
• 1) How did factory workers try to improve working
conditions?
• 2) How were African Americans treated in the North?
• 3) How were women treated in the North?
• 4) How did industrialization impact northern cities?
• 5) What impact did immigration have on American
society?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Bell Work







1) Define the vocabulary words listed below:
Cotton Gin
Yeoman
Tenant Farmer
Cash Crops
Fixed Costs
2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term
correctly.
Chapter 13 Section 3: Southern Cotton
Kingdom
Main Idea
Supporting Details
An agricultural
society
Most southerners were small farmers
Few people could afford to own plantations
Yeomen, tenant farmer, rural poor, and plantation
owners
Farmers without enslaved people
Largest group of free people in the South
Grew crops for themselves and to sell or trade
Yeomen
Tenant Farmers and
the Rural Poor
Tenant farmers rented land
Rural poor lived in crude cabins in wooded areas
Rural poor planed corn, fished, and hunted for food
Rural poor were self-sufficient
Chapter 13 Section 3: Southern Cotton
Kingdom
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Plantations
Plantation owners wanted to earn profits
Plantations had fixed costs
Wealth was measured by possessions, including slaves
How did cotton
become the leading
cash crop of the South?
Why did industry fail
to develop in the
South?
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi,
and Texas
Cotton gin made cotton production much faster
Cotton gin made slavery stronger
British demand for cotton
Cotton was extremely profitable
Capital was lacking
Markets for manufactured goods were smaller
Roads were poor, there were few canals, and the railroad
network was not very extensive
Chapter 13 Section 3: Southern
Cotton Kingdom
• Southern Cotton Field- 1800’s
Source:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/after1500/economy/pictures/p
ickingcotton.jpg
Review and Process
• 1) How did cotton become the leading cash crop
in the South?
• 2) Why did industry fail to develop in the South?
• 3) Describe Southern society in the mid-19th
century.
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Slave Codes
 Spiritual
 Overseer
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 13 Section 4: The South’s People
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Life Under Slavery
Slaves worked long hours, earned no money, and had
little hope of freedom
Slaves worked in the plantation houses
Slaves were skilled laborers
Slaves were field hands
Slaves stayed in slave cabins
Many slaves were separated from their families
Chapter 13 Section 4: The
South’s People
• Slave Cabin
Source: http://www.louisiana101.com/5-2-03-slave_01.jpg
Chapter 13 Section 4: The South’s People
Main Idea
Supporting Details
African American
Culture
Laws did not recognize marriages between slaves
Slaves accepted Christianity because it was a religion of
hope
Spirituals provided a way to secretly communicate
Southern states passed slave codes
Many slaves resisted by working slowly, pretending to be
sick, or breaking tools
Slaves did escape slavery by fleeing north
Review and Process
•
•
•
•
•
1) Describe life under slavery.
2) Why did many slaves accept Christianity?
3) What did the spiritual provide to slaves?
4) Why were slave codes established?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Utopia
 Temperance
 Transcendentalist
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 14: The Age of Reform
• Section 1: Social Reform
• Section 2: The Abolitionists
• Section 3: The Women’s Movement
Chapter 14 Section 1: Social Reform
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Utopian Societies
Americans wanted to improve society by building utopias
1825- Robert Owen established New Harmony, Indiana
Dedicated to cooperation instead of competition
The Mormons also built utopian communities
Second Great
Awakening- Early
1800’s
People centered their lives around religion
Church membership increased
Inspired to become involved in missionary work and
social reform
Chapter 14 Section 1: Social Reform
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Alcohol
Social reformers blamed alcohol for family breakups,
crime, and insanity
1826- the American Society for the Promotion of
Temperance was formed
1851- Maine becomes first state to ban alcohol
Transcendentalism and Stresses the relationship between humans and nature
Stresses the importance of the individual conscience
Transcendental
writers
Margaret Fuller supported women’s rights
Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in the inner voice of
conscience
Henry David Thoreau practiced civil disobedience
Chapter 14 Section 1: Social
Reform
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
Source:
http://www.americanpoems.com/images/e
merson.jpg
Review and Process
• 1) Why did many Americans want to build
utopias?
• 2) Describe the Second Great Awakening.
• 3) What reforms were made regarding alcohol
consumption?
• 4) What is transcendentalism?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
• Complete the following quick-write activity:
• Examine the following quote: (from Emerson’s
Self-Reliance)
• Write your reaction to Emerson’s quote.
Explain your reaction.
Chapter 14 Section 1: Social Reform
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Horace Mann
Leader of education reform
1837- Head of the Massachusetts Board of Education
Education is essential to democracy
Proposed lengthening the school year to six months
Proposed improving the school curriculum
Wanted to find better ways to train teachers
What obstacles were
there to education
reform?
Schools lacked funds
Teachers lacked training
Some people opposed compulsory education
Most females did not go to school
West had few schools
African Americans often excluded
Chapter 14 Section 1: Social Reform
Main Ideas
Supporting Details
What education
reforms were
accepted by the
states?
States agreed on three major principles in education
reform:
Schools should be free and supported by taxes
Teachers should be trained
Children should be required to go to schools
Review and Process
• 1) What reforms did Horace Mann propose for
education?
• 2) What educational reforms were accepted by
the states?
• 3) What obstacles existed to educational reform?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Abolitionist
 Underground Railroad
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 14 Section 2: The Abolitionists
Main Idea
Supporting Details
American
Resettle African Americans in Africa and the Caribbean
Colonization Society Founded by Virginians who bought slaves from
1816
slaveholders
Colony located on west coast of Africa
Came to be known as Liberia
1847- Liberia became independent
William Lloyd
Garrison
Abolitionist who published the anti-slavery newspaper
The Liberator
1832- Created the New England Anti-Slavery Society
1833- Created the American Anti-Slavery Society
Chapter 14 Section 2: The Abolitionists
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Frederick Douglas
Escaped slave
One of the most influential African American
abolitionists through writings and lectures
Editor of the anti-slavery newspaper North Star
Sojourner Truth
Born as a slave named Isabella Baumfree
1826- escaped and was officially set free when New
York banned slavery
Women’s rights and the abolition of slavery
Chapter 14 Section 2: The
Abolitionists
• Frederick Douglas
Source: http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/images/2003/douglass5.jpg
Review and Process
• 1) What was the main purpose of the American
Colonization Society?
• 2) What were the achievements of William
Lloyd Garrison?
• 3) What were the achievements of Frederick
Douglas?
• 4) Who was Sojourner Truth?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
• Based on what you learned yesterday, complete
the following quick-write activity:
• Take a position on the following issue:
Abolition of slavery. Defend your position.
Chapter 14 Section 2: The Abolitionists
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Underground
Railroad
Network of escape routes to the North and Canada
Passengers traveled at night
Traveled on foot and in wagons that had secret
compartments
Harriet Tubman was the most famous “conductor”
Tubman escaped slavery and helped hundreds of
runaways
Opposition to
abolitionism in the
South
Southern plantation owners who had numerous slaves
Non-slave owners who felt that abolition threatened the
Southern way of life
Chapter 14 Section 2: The
Abolitionists
• Harriet Tubman
Source:
http://www.gardenofpraise.com/images/tubm
an2.jpg
Chapter 14 Section 2: The Abolitionists
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Opposition to
abolitionism in the
North
Saw abolition as a threat to the nation’s social order
Believed freed African Americans would not be able
to blend into society
Believed that freed African Americans would take
jobs away from white workers
Southern Proslavery
Perspectives
Argued that slavery was essential to economic
progress and prosperity
Argued that slavery was preferable to factory work in
the North
Review and Process
• 1) What was the Underground Railroad?
• 2) Why were some people in the South opposed
to the abolition of slavery?
• 3) Why were some people in the North opposed
to the abolition of slavery?
• 4) Why did many Southerners argue in favor of
slavery?
• Write a one sentence summary about what yu
have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Suffrage
 Coeducation
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 14 Section 3: The Women’s
Movement
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Women Abolitionists
Supported the abolition of slavery
First to campaign for women’s rights, to improve
women’s lives, and win equal rights
Lucretia Mott
Woman abolitionist who was also a Quaker
Gave lectures calling for temperance, worker’s rights,
and abolition of slavery
Helped fugitive slaves
Organized the Philadelphia Female Antislavery
Society
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Argued for women’s suffrage
Worked for equal rights for women
Chapter 14 Section 3: The Women’s
Movement
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Susan B. Anthony
Women’s rights, temperance, and the reform of New
York property and divorce laws
Equal pay, college training, and coeducation in the
schools for women
 Formed the Daughters of Temperance
Seneca Falls
Convention 1848
July 1848- Women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions calling for:
An end to all laws that discriminated against women
Entrance into all-male worlds of trade, professions,
and business
Suffrage (right to vote)
Chapter 14 Section 3: The
Women’s Movement
• Susan B. Anthony
Source:
http://www.wpclipart.com/America
n_History/Womans_Rights/Susan_
B_Anthony.png
Review and Process
• 1) How was the women’s movement and the movement
to abolish slavery related?
• 2) Who was Lucretia Mott?
• 3) Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
• 4) Who was Susan B. Anthony?
• 5) What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls
Convention in 1848?
• Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Chapter 11 Quiz Review
• Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
• Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
• Section 3: Jackson and The Bank
Chapter 13 Test Review
•
•
•
•
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
The North’s Economy
The North’s People
Southern Cotton Kingdom
The South’s People
Bell Work 5/11
• 1) Take out your notebooks and your notes from
chapter 13.
• 2) Take out one (1) sheet of paper for the entire
group.
• 3) Write each person’s name and class period on
the separate sheet of paper.
• 4) Choose one (1) person to be the “scribe” and
spokesperson for the group.
Review Competition Rules
• 1) There are 25 review questions and 5 groups.
• 2) Each group will be responsible for answering five (5)
questions on a rotational basis.
• 3) Each question will be presented for one (1) minute and MUST
be answered within that time.
• 4) You may discuss answers with your group members only.
• 5) Credit for correct answers will be given if you have accurately
explained the main ideas.
• 6) Each class will NOT be informed of a previous class’
performance.
• 7) Mr. Moore is the judge. Rulings on correct answers are final
decisions. 
The Winning Class’ Prizes
• 1) 5 bonus points on the Chapter 13 test.
• 2) ALL Chapter 15 notes will be provided to
you.
• 3) One (1) movie day with food.
• Notes disclaimer: The notes that are provided
to you MUST be glued, taped, or stapled into
your notebooks! 
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did new technology and industry change
life in America?
Improve transportation
Faster communication
Mass production of goods
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How was manufacturing in the North changed
by industrialization?
New products and more of them
Faster production of goods
Factory system (all manufacturing steps
brought together)
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did the steamboat and railroads change
transportation in America?
• Allowed manufacturers to offer goods and
services at much lower prices
Goods can be transported to people rather
than having people come and pick up the
goods
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What improvements were made in
communication?
Telegraph with telegraph lines
Morse code
Communication became cheaper and faster
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What changes were made in agriculture?
• Railroads made crop sales easier
• Technology allowed farmers to increase
their harvest
Cotton gin, steel tip plow, the reaper
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What developed along railroad routes? Why?
Cities and towns became centers of trade
• People could get from place to place faster
People can transport goods faster
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did factory workers try to improve working
conditions?
• Factory workers formed trade unions
• Strikes to improve working conditions and
obtain higher wages
• Limit work days to 10 hours
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How were African Americans treated in the
North?
• Not allowed to vote
Forced to separate from the community
• Many were very poor
Some were able to get jobs
Discrimination and prejudice
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How were women treated in the North?
• Were paid less than male workers
• Played a major role in developing mills and
the factory system
• Excluded from unions
• Not allowed to VOTE!
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did industrialization impact northern
cities?
• Made cities grow/ more populated
• Offered more jobs at stable wages
Increased crime and poverty
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What impact did immigration have on American
society?
• Factory Owners made them work long
hours for low wages
Cultures, ideas and disease
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What impact did Irish immigrants have on
American society?
• They worked for long hours and low pay.
• Worked in factories.
Worked on railroads.
Brought their culture and ideas
(Catholicism)
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What impact did German immigrants have on
American society?
• Brought sophisticated culture and ideas.
• Bought land
Started German communities.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What claims did nativists make against
immigration?
• Said that immigrants would threaten the
futures of “native” Americans.
Immigrants would steal jobs from American
workers.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did cotton become the leading cash crop in
the South?
• Demand for rice, tobacco, and indigo
decreased
• European demand for cotton increased.
Invention of the cotton gin increased
production.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Why did industry fail to develop in the South?
• Agriculture was so profitable that it
discouraged industry.
Lack of capital in the south.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Describe Southern society in the mid-19th century.
• Plantation owners-wealthiest class in southern
society.
• Yeoman Farmers-farmers that did not own slaves.
• The Slaves-involuntary workers on farms in
plantations.
• Tenant Farmers-rented land from bigger farms to
farm their crops.
Rural Poor-people that lived out in the country
side(subsistence farmers)….
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How did the cotton gin impact slavery?
• Increased the demand for slaves because
plantation owners decided to grow more
cotton.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Why was the price of cotton high?
• European demand for cotton was high.
The southern United States was the main
source of cotton.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Describe life under slavery.
• Any member of a family could be sold.
Many slaves developed spirituals and
embraced Christianity.
Many slaves lived in slave cabins and slept in
straw beds.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Why did many slaves accept Christianity?
• Gave them a since of hope that it would help
them escape the circumstances they were in.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• Why were slave codes established?
• To prevent slaves from rebelling or escaping.
Slave codes were laws that were meant to
protect slavery.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• How was wealth measured in the South?
• Your possessions.
• The number of enslaved people you own.
Money.
Chapter 13 Test Review
• What responsibilities did plantation wives have?
• They managed the entire house.
• They supervised slaves.
They kept track of financial records.