Transcript Slide 1

Panel discussion
Towards a global nuclear liability regime
Ximena Vásquez-Maignan
Senior Legal Adviser
OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
[email protected]
Buenos Aires, October 2014
International Nuclear Law Association
© 2013 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING OR DEVELOPING STATES &
INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR LIABILITY CONVENTIONS
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Paris Convention (PC)
Revised Paris
Convention (RPC) (not
in force)
Brussels
Supplementary
Convention (BSC)
Revised Brussels
Supplementary
Convention (RBSC)
(not in force)
Vienna Convention
(VC)
Revised Vienna
Convention (RVC)
Joint Protocol (JP)
Convention on
Supplementary
Compensation (CSC)
(not in force)
Between (__) means
signed, but not yet
ratified
Buenos Aires, October 2014
ARGENTINA
VC ; RVC ; CSC ; (JP)
KOREA
ARMENIA
VC
MEXICO
VC
BELARUS
VC; RVC
NETHERLANDS
PC ; BSC ; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; JP
BELGIUM
PC ; BSC ; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; (JP)
PAKISTAN
BRAZIL
VC
ROMANIA
VC ; RVC ; JP ; CSC
BULGARIA
VC; JP
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
VC
CANADA
(CSC)
SLOVAK REP.
VC; JP
SLOVENIA
PC ; BSC ; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; JP
CHINA
CZECH REP.
VC ; (RVC); JP; (CSC)
SOUTH AFRICA
FINLAND
PC ; BSC ; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; JP
SPAIN
PC ; BSC ; (RPC); (RBSC); (JP)
FRANCE
PC ; BSC ; (RPC); (RBSC); JP
SWEDEN
PC ; BSC ; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; JP
GERMANY
PC ; BSC; (RPC) ; (RBSC) ; JP
SWITZERLAND
PC ; BSC ; RPC ; RBSC ; (JP)
HUNGARY
VC; (RVC) ; JP
TURKEY
PC ; (RPC) ; JP
INDIA
(CSC)
UKRAINE
VC ; (RVC) ; JP ; (CSC)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
RVC ; JP; CSC
IRAN
JAPAN
[Intention to join CSC]
UNITED KINGDOM
PC ; BSC ; (RPC); (RBSC); (JP)
JORDAN
VC; RVC
UNITED STATES
CSC
KAZAKHSTAN
VC; RVC
CHINESE TAIPEI
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BASIC PRINCIPLES
Strict Liability :
victims do not need to prove fault or negligence
Exclusive Liability:
all liability is channeled exclusively to the operator
regardless of “cause”; suppliers are protected
Liability Limited in Amount:
liability is limited to a specified amount; few countries
provide for unlimited liability (e.g. Germany,
Switzerland, Japan; and in certain circumstances
Finland)
Compulsory Financial Security: to ensure availability of funds, the operator is required
to maintain financial security, such as private insurance,
operator pool (U.S., Germany), self-insurance or
state/bank/corporate guarantee
Liability Limited in Time:
Buenos Aires, October 2014
claims must be filed within a certain period (30/10 years
from accident; 2-3 years from discovery of damage and
operator liable)
International Nuclear Law Association
© 2013 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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TOWARDS A GLOBAL NUCLEAR LIABILITY REGIME ?
• Harmonisation of national nuclear liability legislations (to some extent) is
necessary to ensure similar compensation to victims ; goal should be to
reflect provisions of the modernised regimes which generally provide
more money, a broader range of damage to be compensated and more
time to claim compensation
• Treaty relations among States are necessary to address transboundary
nuclear damage
• Following the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi accident, several calls to
encourage international cooperation :
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2011 IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
2012 INLEX Recommendations
2013 G20 Leaders’ Declaration
2013 France/US Joint Statement on liability for nuclear damage
2013 France/Russia Nuclear Power Declaration
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
NEA report on the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Accident
www.oecd-nea.org/law/fukushima/7089-fukushima-compensation-system-pp.pdf
For updates on Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Status of indemnification payouts & financial support
http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/comp/index-e.html
Nuclear Operator Liability Amounts and Financial
Security Limits
http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/2014-table-liability-coverage-limits.pdf
Nuclear Law Bulletin
All issues are freely available at http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 93, Volume 2014/1 available at
http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb-93/
Feature articles in this issue include: "Progress towards a global nuclear liability
regime"; "The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and
participation by developing countries: A South African perspective"; "Fusion energy and
nuclear liability considerations"; and "Nuclear energy and Indian society: Public
engagement, risk assessment and legal frameworks".
Buenos Aires, October 2014
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On-line Nuclear Legislation
Country reports and legislative texts are posted
on the NEA Nuclear Law website:
www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/
Reference publications
International Nuclear Law: History, Evolution and
Outlook - Brochure for the International School
of Nuclear Law - 10th Anniversary (2010)
http://www.oecdnea.org/tools/publication?div=LEG&period=100y
&sort=title&filter=1
Workshop presentations
NEA Workshop on Nuclear Damages, Liability
Issues and Compensation Schemes
10-11 December 2013, Paris
http://www.oecdnea.org/ndd/workshops/nuclearcomp/
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THANK YOU
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