Transcript Slide 1

CHAPTER 1
Introduction
To Science
1.1
Science is Part of
everyday life
systematic study of nature and
how it affects us and our
environment.
the information produced
Scientific
from the study of science.
knowledge
Science
What is
Science?
Technology
application of scientific
knowledge for the use of
mankind.
Security
Introduction
to Science
Importance
of Science
Careers
Related to
Science
Doctor
Transportation
Communication
& Information
Medical
Agriculture
Pharmacist
Science Teacher
Astronomers
Importance of Science
 Security
- The use of computer increases efficiency of a
security system.
 Transportation
- The use of vehicles reduced the time to travel
from on place to another.
 Communication & Information
- The invention of satellite helps people
interact with people around he world and
- search information more quickly
 Medical
- The production of medicine help to improve
human health and cure.
 Agriculture
- the use of machines increase the production
of food.
1.2
Science
laboratory
LABORATORY
 It is the place where a scientist do their
work.
 Students carry out investigations or
experiments during science lesson in
science laboratories.
Laboratory Rules & Safety Precaution
• Never enter the lab unless a teacher is
present.
• Do not eat and drink or taste any chemical
in the lab.
• Always follow the teacher’s instruction
• Never touch chemicals with your bare
hands. Use a spatula.
Continue…
 Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its





content.
Turn off the Bunsen burner after use.
Do not pour back any unused chemical into its
bottle.
Wash and keep all apparatus after use.
Do not test anything without teacher’s permission.
Report any breakages to the teacher.
Hazardous warning Symbols
 There are many substances in science lab.
 Some of them are hazardous.
 So, we use hazard warning symbols to show
the danger of the substances.
Eg: Mercury, Bromine and Sodium
Cyanide
Effects: Causes death or harm if
absorbed through skin, swallowed,
or inhaled.
Toxic/Poisonous
Eg: Ammonia, Chloroform, Chlorine
Effects: Causes discomfort and
irritation to body or skin.
Irritant/Harmful
Eg: Alchohol, Petrol, Kerosine
Effects: Can burn very easily
Flammable/Inflammable
Eg: Plutonium, Uronium
Effects: Gives out radiation and
can cause radioactive effects
Radioactive
Eg: Concentrated Acid such as
Sulphuric acid
Effects: Can damage the skin and
eyes upon contact
Corrosive
Eg: Sodium, Potassium
Effects: Can explode very
easily
Explosive
Laboratory Apparatus
 I will hand out the pictures of lab
apparatus.
 Paste it in your book.
Bunsen Burner
Barrel
Collar
Air-hole
Base
Gas inlet
Luminous Flame
Non-luminous Flame
Bunsen burner can give 2 types of flame:
Luminous Flame
(YELLOW FLAME)
Non-luminous
Flame(BLUE FLAME)
Yellow flame when the air-hole is
closed.
Blue flame when the air-hole is
opened.
Flame is easy to see.
Flame is difficult to see.
Flame gives out a lot of soot.
Flame does not give out soot.
Not so hot compared to blue
flame.
Very hot.
Not suitable for heating.
Suitable for heating.
How to use a Bunsen burner
1) Close the air-hole by turning the collar.
2) Hold light at the top of the barrel.
3) Turn on the gas slowly, a yellow flame will
be obtained.
4) Open the air-hole to obtain a blue flame.
1.3
Steps in scientific
investigation
Process Skills in Science







asking question
making observation
taking measurement
recording the data collected
analyzing and interpreting data
making conclusions
writing report to communicate the
results
There involves 8 Steps in Scientific
Investigation
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Identifying problems
Forming a hypothesis
Planning the experiment
Carrying out the experiment
Collecting data
Analyzing the data
Making a conclusion
Writing a report
Simple pendulum
One Complete
Oscillation
Steps in scientific investigation:
Experiment: The simple pendulum
1. Identifying problem- determining ‘what I
want to find out’ usually by asking question.
Eg: How does the length of a pendulum affects
the period of oscillation?
Forming a hypothesis- a smart guess/
possible answer to the problem
Eg: The longer the length of the pendulum the
longer the time taken for 10 oscillation.
2.
3. Planning the experimenta)
identify the variables
 fixed variables
 manipulated variables
 responding variables
: No. of oscillation
: The length of the
pendulum
: periods of
oscillation.
b) determine the apparatus and
materials required
c) determine the procedure to carry
out the experiment, method to
collect and analyze data.
4. Carrying out the experiment-
controlling the variables as
planned
5. Collecting data- writing down
what has been observed. In the
form of sentence or table.
X- Manipulated Variables
Y- Responding Variables
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
40 cm
50 cm
Length of
pendulum
(cm)
Time of
oscillation
(s)
10
20
30
40
50
6. Analyzing the data- giving an explanation on
data collected
Eg: The pendulum with longer string take longer
time to oscillate than the pendulum with a
shorter string.
7. Making a conclusion- State whether the
hypothesis is accepted or not.
Eg: The longer the length of the pendulum, the
longer the period of oscillation. Hypothesis is
accepted.
8. Writing a report- present the …
a) Aim/ Objective: To study the...
b) Problem statement: How does…?
c) Hypothesis: The … the…
d) Variables: Fixed, manipulated, responding
e) Apparatus: Radas
f) Materials: Bahan
g) Procedures/ Steps
h) Result: Collected data
i) Analysis
j) Conclusion/ Inference: Hypothesis accepted
or not
THE END