Transcript www.trinity.duke.edu

Jyoti K Sharma
Visiting Professor,
Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources Management,
School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, INDIA
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Introduction: Biodiversity
 Biodiversity represents variability among living
organisms from all sources including terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological
complexes of which they are a part; biodiversity
includes diversity within species, between species and
of ecosystems.
 Indian subcontinent is one of the 25-mega diversity
hotspots in the world, occupying only 2.5 percent of
the land area and accounting for 7.8 percent of the
globally recorded species. India is equally rich in
traditional and indigenous knowledge.
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Introduction: Biodiversity
 As a follow-up to Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD), in force since 1993, India enacted the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
 The Act is especially notable for having created
substantial space for involving people at the grassroots in conserving, sustainably using and sharing the
benefits flowing from biological resources and
associated knowledge.
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Introduction: Cultural diversity
 India is not only the land of biological diversity but
great cultural diversity as being the home of a large
number of tribal groups which depend on the forest
for their livelihood.
 These tribal communities, villagers and nomadic
people possess traditional/folk knowledge of varying
degree passed from one generation to another.
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Introduction: Traditional knowledge
 The growing importance of biodiversity, bio-resources and
associated knowledge is fairly well understood. The first
step towards conservation and sustainable utilization of
biodiversity is its documentation.
 But biodiversity and associated knowledge found in
different ecosystems, is being eroded day by day due to
anthropogenic pressure, changing socio-economic
structure, over exploitation by the human being and
developmental activities.
 In the current information age, it is important that we
overcome this weakness and establish sound systems of
information on our biological resources and their known
uses.
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Introduction:Biodiversity and its conservation
 Therefore, for the conservation purpose we need to look
after the ecological wellbeing of all of our lands and waters
and not just the few remaining natural forest habitats, but
also our farm lands and irrigation tanks, overgrazed
pastures and eroded hill slopes, rivers and seas and all the
traditionalvarieties/domesticated animals because their
original cultivars/breeds have also become endangered due
to new varieties/breeds which can yield much higher.
 We also need to conserve and benefit from the traditional
knowledge of uses of biodiversity. We have to ensure that
benefits flowing from this heritage percolates down to the
people at the grass-roots.
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Introduction: Documentation of Biodiversity –
People’s Biodiversity Register
 Much valuable knowledge of biodiversity resides with the people
at the grassroots. Thus, the only reliable information we get it is
from the people of that area which used these resources on day
to day basis.
 This can only be accomplished by involving the local people and
the Local Bodies in documenting the biological resources.
 The People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) programme is an
attempt not only to record the biological resources but also
people’s traditional and folk knowledge and their views on the
changes occur in environment which changes their livelihood
pattern.
 It also aims to document people’s views on who the gainers and
losers of the on-going changes occurring in nature and how they
feel the resources ought to be utilized and sustainably managed.

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Objectives
The main objective of the project is:
To prepare a model People’s Biodiversity Register for
Chithera Village Panchayat
This will be achieved through the following specific
objectives:
 To document wild and cultivated flora and fauna of
Chithera Village Panchayat, including campus of Shiv
Nadar University with Illustrations and identify
biodiversity richness areas to be conserved.
 To prepare land-use land cover map with respect to
agriculture urbanization, wetlands, and wastelands
 To study the Climate Change/variability during the last 50
years with respect to Temperature and rainfall.
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Objectives (Contd.)
 To study hydrology with respect to water table, use of canal
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water and sub-surface water for irrigation purposes
To document traditional knowledge with respect to cure of
diseases/ailments of human beings and domesticated
animals with illustrations.
To document Folk knowledge with respect to dance form,
songs, story, rituals/traditions, etc.
To organize Biodiversity “Mela” (fairs) in Chithera Village
to bring awareness on conservation and sustainable
utilization of local biodiversity.
To bring out an illustrated document/ Manual on
Biodiversity of Chithera VillagePanchayat.
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Methodology:The Study area:
 Chithera Village Panchayat, where Shiv Nadar University is also located, comes
under Dadri Block/ Tehsil of Gautam Budha Nagar District in Uttar Pradesh.
Chithera Village Panchayat, one of the 56 Panchayats under Dadri Block
Panchayat/Tehsil, is 770 ha in area with a population of 6518 as per 2001 Census
(1449 belong to SC category and 4526 belong to OBC Category and rest to nonreserved category).
 There is only one revenue village of Chithera in this Panchayat. Delhi is about
35 km and Noida 20 km from Chithera Village.
 The Village has agriculture based economy mainly having rabi crop (winter) of
wheat or paddy. After the rabi crop is harvested the fields either remain fellow
or sown with Jawar, Bajra crops/millets; there is not much cultivation of
vegetables and horticultural crops in the Panchayat.
 Geographic coordinates of district headquarters:
Latitude: 280 24’ 14.731” N
Longitude: 770 32’ 33.870” E
Altitude: 200 m
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Location of Gautam Budh Nagar District in
the State of Uttar Pradesh
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Chithera
SNU
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Methodology: Collection of Baseline Data
 For the collection of baseline data as per the details given
below assistance of students and teachers of local
School/Colleges and SNU will be taken after imparting a
brief training on biodiversity and its importance to ensure
the genuineness of information generated/collected. If
required assistance of forest officials, veterinary doctors
and villagers will also be taken.
 The initial work will be started from the University
Campus.
1. PROFORMA FOR BASELINE INFORMATION
For documentation of baseline information on various
parameters a standard Proforma will be used
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Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
2. PREPARATION OF PANCHAYAT MAPS and
DEMARCATION OF GRIDS
 A Map of Chithera Grama Panchayat will be procured from
Gram Pradhan, Chithera Gram Panchayat and coordinates
worked out using a GPS. A topo sheet and satellite imagery
of Gautam Budh Nagar district will be procured
respectively from Survey of India, Dehradun and NRSC,
Hyderabad. The coordinates of Chithera Gram Panchayat
will be marked on the Topo Sheet.
 Using GIS software Drainage map, Slope map, Soil map
and Land Use Land Cover Maps will be prepared for the
Panchayat, including SNU; ground truthing will be done to
check the correctness of maps with GPS.
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Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
 The total area of 770 ha of Chithera Panchayat will be divided in
to grids for recording observations (each grid to be marked with
GPS observations); location of SNU will be marked separately.
 The remote sensed imageries (IRS 4 or IRS P6 LISS III data) with
spatial resolution of 10 x 10 m or 23.5 m × 23.5 m will be used on
temporal basis that will facilitate delineation of major and mixed
phenological formations, gregarious species formations, edaphic
and disturbance formations of larger spatial extents.
 On-screen visual interpretation method will be followed to
prepare the vegetation type map and land use land cover map,
Terrain/Slope map, Drainage map following interpretation keys.
(Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape Level using Remote
Sensing & GIS, NRSC, 2008).
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IRS P6 LISS-III Satellite Imagery of Chithera Village, Dadri, Gautam
Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.
IRS P6 LISS-III Satellite Imagery of Chithera Village, Dadri,
Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.
Grid map of Chithera Village, Dadri, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
3.DEMOGRAPHIC AND LIVELIHOOD STANDARD
DETAILS
 Demographic and livelihood standard details of the Village
such as total population, total households, number of
males/females and their ratio, employment, income,
Radio/TV/Mobile/Two/four wheeler, extent of agricultural
and waste lands, crops grown and their productivity,
ponds/lakes and their area; energy requirements – wood
(source and quantity used), coal, electricity, cow dung;
agroforestry practices followed, tree species grown and
their numbers; pest and diseases; wild life damage, if any;
pesticides/ fertilizers used their quantities, hormone for
milk production – milk yield/ crop yield will be collected
from individual household.
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Methodology: Collection of Baseline Data
4.FLORA
The detailed vegetation analysis will be done on the basis of
exhaustive exploration/surveys to cover the entire study
area to document all the type of plant diversity, species
richness and level of disturbance caused due to various
factors.
For species richness studies extensive field sampling will be
carried out in all vegetation classes present in the study
area for three seasons. Stratified random sampling
approach will be implemented during the process of
sampling; a plot size (quadrat) of 10 x 10 m will be used for
trees and shrubs and 1 x 1 m quadrat for herbs will be used.
Detailed methodology is given below.
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PROFORMA II: Documentation of Biodiversity in Chithera Village
Panchayat, DADRI Block,
Gautam Budh Nagar
LOCATION:……………………………………………………….;GRID
NO:…………………………………..;Coordinates:………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Names of Investigators:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..; Date of
Observation:……………………………………..
PLANT SPECIES
QUADRAT No…………..(10m x 10m)
Common
Scientific Name Family
S.
Name
of Plant
No. of Plant species
ANIMAL SPECIES SIGHTED (Wild/Feral)
Habit
Habitat
Total
Number
Total
Number
1m2
Remarks
S. Common Scientific
No Name
Name
.
Family
habitat
Number
sighted
Rem
arks
SHIV NADAR UNIVERSITY
PROFORMA FOR FIELD DATA COLLECTION/ BIODIVERSITY DOCUMENTAION
Date:…………………..
Plot/Grid Number:
G.P.S. Reading: ………………….
Location:
Slope:
Aspect:
Topography:
Tree density:
General observations on vegetation:
Visual Evidence of Disturbance: Construction/Grazing/Other:
Size of Quadrat: ……………x………….m;
S.
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plant
Species
Family
Hab No. Of
it
Plants
Common
Names
Quadrat No………….
Importance Value
(Medicinal, Fodder, Fuel wood, Coal, Food, eaten by
Englis Vernacul wild animals, etc.)
h
ar
Name Name
Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
 Cultivated plants – herbs, shrubs, trees – agricultural crops – area and
yield, vegetables grown and their yield/ income; horticultural trees fruit trees their varieties and yield and income, traditional/ modern
varieties/cultivars, storage method employed for seeds for following
season crop;
 Wild plants – herbs, shrubs, trees, population structure, frequency
abundance, species richness, invasive species - population structure
and effect on crop productivity.
5.FAUNA
 The detailed faunal survey will be conducted to cover the entire study
area to document all the type of animal diversity.
 Domesticated animals – Type, numbers, breeds, age groups, milk yield;
 Wild animals – all animal groups, especially insects, butterfly,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals;
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Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
6.TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
 Through personal interviews and discussion with
elders and other relevant people information on
traditional knowledge will be collected and recorded.
 Home remedies – herbal medicines/ plants for
different ailments/ diseases
 Customs, traditions, festivals, rituals
 Interviews with Hakim/Vaidya/ Practioners in herbal
medicines, artisans, elders, etc.
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Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
7.FOLK KNOWLEDGE
Through personal interviews and discussion with elders
and other relevant people information on traditional
folk knowledge will be collected and recorded.
 Folk Music
 Folk Dance forms
 Folk Tales/stories
 Interviews with elderly males and females
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Methodology:Collection of Baseline Data
7.LAND USE- LAND COVER MAPS USING RS AND GIS
TOOLS
 Agriculture
 Urbanization- expansion of urban areas
 Wastelands
 Wetlands
8.CLIMATE CHANGE/VARIABILITY
Temperature
Rainfall: Total, Rainy Days
9.HYDROLOGY
Water Table, water quality of different water sources –
wetland, canal, tap water, hand pumps, well
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OUT COMES
(i) Biodiversity Documentation Register - in Standard
National Format/ Proforma
(ii) Documentation of Traditional knowledge
(iii) Illustrated Handbook on Bio-resources of SNU
Campus and Chithera Village Panchayat
(iv) Digitized Maps: Land Use Land Cover Map,
Contour/Terrain/Slope Map, Soil Map,
(v) Hydrology: Hydrological changes
(vi) Impact of Urbanization on Flora, fauna and
traditional knowledge
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Thanks!
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