Transcript 'Harvesting the Next Generation of Scientists from Under

STEM Faculty from Underrepresented
Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are
their lives different?
Muriel Poston, Ph.D.
Dean of the Faculty and
Professor, Biology Department
Skidmore College
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups

Changes in doctoral degree
recipients over the last several
decades

Changes in faculty demographics

Changes in Faculty work
Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E and non-S&E
fields to U.S. citizens and permanent residents,
by sex: 1989–2008
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups



Concurrent with the changes in
doctoral degree recipients have
been changes in faculty composition
Increasing number of female faculty
Differential representation in
institutional types by gender
Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E fields to minority
U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex and
race/ethnicity: 1989–2008
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006)
National Science Foundation
Division of Science Resources Statistics
Racial/ethnic and gender shares of doctoral degrees to
U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007
Percent
60
All fields
50
STEM
40
Education
30
Health
20
Other nonSTEM
10
0
URM
women
URM men Asian
women
Asian
men
White
women
White
men
URM = underrepresented minority.
Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Asian includes Pacific Islander.
Racial/ethnic
groupsMinorities
refer to U.S.and
citizens
and permanent
residents only.
SOURCE:
Women,
Persons
With Disabilities
in Science and Engineering (December 2006)
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007.
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National Science Foundation
Division of Science Resources Statistics
Racial/ethnic and gender shares of STEM doctoral degrees
to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007
Percent
60
50
Engineering
40
Physical
sciences
30
Biological
sciences
20
Social
sciences
10
0
URM
women
URM men
Asian
women
Asian men
White
women
White men
URM = underrepresented minority.
Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Physical sciences includes
mathematics, computer sciences, and earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences. Biological sciences includes agricultural sciences. Social
sciences
includesWomen,
psychology.
SOURCE:
Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006)
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007.
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STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups
 Within
all racial/ethnic groups,
women have almost reached parity
or receive a higher proportion of
degrees in biological and social
sciences
 Within
all racial/ethnic groups,
women continue to lag behind men
in degree attainment in engineering
and the physical sciences
AAUP: Trends in Faculty Status,
1975-2003 (all institutions, national totals)
1975
1995
FT Tenured: 227,381 (36.5%)
2003
284,870 (30.6%)
282,429 (24.1%)
FT Ten Track: 126,300 (20.3%)
110,311 (11.8%)
128,602 (11.0%)
FT Non-Track: 80,883 (13.0%)
155,641 (16.7%)
219,388 (18.7%)
Pt Time:
188,000 (30.2%)
380,884 (40.9%)
543,137 (46.3%)
(Contingent: 65.0%)
Total:
622,564 (100%)
931,706 (100%)
1,173,556 (100.0%)
Source: US Department of Education, IPEDS Fall Staff Survey; EEOC, EEO-6 Survey
Compiled by AAUP Research Office, Washington, DC; John W. Curtis, Director Of Research (5/05)
Proportion of FT Faculty at all Degree
granting institutions: 2009

Gender:


57% men
43% women
Race/ethnicity:

White: 75.6%
Black: 5.4%

Hispanic: 3.8% Asian: 8.2%
Am. Indian: 0.5%
NR alien:
4.2%
NCES: Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2009
National Science Foundation
Division of Science Resources Statistics
Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex
and race/ethnicity: 2006
White women
22%
Asian men
Asian women
9%
3%
Black men
2%
Black women
1%
Hispanic men
2%
White men
59%
Other women
0%
Hispanic
women
1%
Other men
1%
Source: National
Science
Foundation,
Survey
of Doctorate
Recipients, in
2006.
SOURCE:
Women,
Minorities
and
Persons
With Disabilities
Science and Engineering (December 2006)
Note: Other includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and multiple race/ethnicity.
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STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups
In the 21st century women have a higher
participation rate in higher education than
men
 Women doctoral degree recipients in nonS&E fields have exceed men over the last two
decades
 Women doctoral degree recipients in S&E
fields have continued to increase over the
same period but have yet to reach parity with
men

STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups
 Blacks,
Hispanics, and American
Indians/Alaska Natives are
underrepresented in STEM disciplines
 URM women are a smaller percentage of
STEM graduates than Whites or Asians
and less likely to be employed in STEM
fields
 Asian and White women earn a higher
percentage of degrees in STEM than
URM women, BUT at a lower percentage
than Asian or White men
Changes in Academic Employment
for Women

1973:



9% of all academic S&E employment
7% of full time faculty
2006:


30% of all academic S&E employment
33% of full time faculty
NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics
Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex and
Carnegie classification of employer: 2003
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006)
Proportion of female faculty in tenured
or tenure-track S&E positions (2006)

28% of all full time T/TT positions
42% at rank of Asst. Professor/Instructor
34% at rank of Associate Professor
19% at rank of Full Professor

Life Sciences





32.3% of T/TT positions
26.2% of Full Professors
NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics
Comparison of female faculty in
tenured or tenure-track S&E positions

Research Universities:



22.9% T/TT
15.6% Full Professors
Liberal Arts Colleges


27.1% T/TT
15.8% Full Professors
NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics
AAUP Faculty Distribution by Rank
at Liberal Arts Colleges

Men
Full Professor







0.7%

12.8%
Asst. Professor

15.1%
10.4%
Assoc. Professor

16%
Lecturer
Full Professor

Asst. Professor


22.2%
Assoc. Professor

Women
15.9%
Lecturer

AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08
1.0%
AAUP Faculty Salary Comparison
for Liberal Arts Colleges

Men
Full Professor






$70,034

$47,930
$68,970
Asst. Professor


$91,360
Assoc. Professor

$57,179
Lecturer
Full Professor

Asst. Professor


$95,724
Assoc. Professor

Women
$56,092
Lecturer

AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08
$47,438
Women as a percentage of S&E doctoral degrees,
full-time full professors, and full-time
tenure-track faculty: 2006
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
Science and engineering doctorate holders
employed in 4-year colleges or universities who
are women, by type of position: 2006
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups
 Structural
Barriers that affect the
multiple identities of faculty of color
in STEM disciplines:
 Degree attainment
 Glass ceiling
 Mentoring/Role Models
 Balancing Faculty Roles:
 Teaching,
Research, Service
 Work/Family
STEM Faculty
From Underrepresented Groups


Work/Life Balance:

Partner Accommodation

Stop-the-clock
Progression through rank
STEM Faculty
From Underrepresented Groups

Current Challenges in Faculty Work


Pedagogical Innovation to enhance
student engagement
Increased student demand for High
Impact Experiences:
Undergraduate research
 Credit bearing internships


Increasing institutional service and
research administrative responsibility
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups



Demographics of student
populations are changing
Increasing Female student
populations
Increasing Students of Color
U.S. population 18–24 years old, by race/ethnicity:
July 1990–99 and projections to 2050
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
Bachelor’s degrees awarded in S&E and
non-S&E fields, by sex: 1966–2004
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
Bachelor’s degrees awarded to racial/ethnic groups
in S&E fields: 2004
SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups

Students from URG have a higher
representation in MSIs:



32% of degree granting institutions are
MSIs
58% of students from URG enrolled in
MSIs
Higher proportion of MSIs are open
admission
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups

Within each racial/ethnic group, the
top baccalaureate granting schools
for men and women are mostly the
same schools



For Hispanic men and women, the top degree
granting schools are largely in Puerto Rico,
California, Texas, and Florida—states with large
populations of Hispanics
For Black men and women, the top degree
granting schools are Black non-HBCUs and HBCUs
For American Indians/Alaska natives, the top
degree granting schools are largely in Oklahoma,
Arizona and other states with large American
Indian/Alaska Native population. One is a tribal
college
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups

Structural Barriers that affect
faculty at MSIs




Mentoring/Role Models
Balancing Faculty Roles:
 Teaching, Research, Service
Institutional Infrastructure
Work/Family
STEM Faculty
from Underrepresented Groups

NSF can facilitate capacity building
for STEM faculty from URG

Institutional Transformation

Faculty Development:




Research Support
Curriculum and Pedagogy Support
Infrastructure Support
Enhance opportunities for students
from URG
Thank you!
Questions?
Contact: [email protected]