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Dual Status Youth and their Families: Altering the Human and Fiscal Toll Through Improved Youth & System Outcomes Jessica Heldman, Associate Executive Director Robert F. Kennedy National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice & Kari L. Harp, Independent Consultant Robert F. Kennedy National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice 7/18/2015 1 “Here in America today, perhaps the clearest mirror of our performance, the truest measure of whether we live up to our ideals, is our youth.” 7/18/2015 7/18/2015 3 7/18/2015 4 Maltreated Children: Pathway to Delinquency Juvenile Arrest = 59% more likely (Widom and Maxfield, 2001) Adult Arrest = 28% more likely (Widom and Maxfield, 2001) Violent Offense = 30% more likely neglected = same risk as abused: (Widom and Maxfield, 2001) Younger at time of their first arrest (Snyder, 2001) Arrested more frequently (Snyder, 2001) Commit nearly twice as many offenses (Snyder, 2001) Maltreated Children: Associated Risk Factors for Violence Mental Health Risk Factors Social Environment Risk Factors 7/18/2015 • Resulting trauma from abuse or neglect • Trauma from out-of-home placements • Substance abuse to deal with trauma/pain • Can interrupt normal developmental processes leading to learning disabilities, cognitive impairments and poor social skills • Learning disabilities and poor social skills can lead to school difficulties and/or violent behavior • Parenting attributes such as harsh discipline, lack of nurturing, substance abuse, mental illness, poor supervision, ignoring or rejecting the child • Parental incarceration • Low income/minority neighborhoods lead to more exposure to violence increasing likelihood of violence 6 Maltreated Children: Prevalence in the JJ System King County, WA: “Doorways to Delinquency”. Halemba and Siegel, 2011 2006 calendar year - tracked through 2008 n = 4475 youth 67% of JJ youth had some form of CW involvement 89% off JJ youth with 2+ prior offenses had CW involvement 7/18/2015 7 Abused or Neglected Children: Outcomes Once in CW + JJ System o Detained at an earlier age o Detained more frequently (Halemba and Siegel, 2011) (Halemba and Siegel, 2011) o Detained for longer periods of time than youth with no CW involvement (Halemba and Siegel, 2011) o Recidivism: 57% of 1st time offenders with a CW history recidivated within two years vs. a 30% recidivism rate for those with no CW history. (Halemba and Siegel, 2011) o Los Angeles: ½ of youth with probation only had jail stay in early adulthood vs 2/3 young adults with CW and JJ. (Hilton Foundation, 2011) 7/18/2015 8 Dual Status Youth Dually – Identified Youth Dually-Involved Youth Dually-Adjudicated Youth court 7/18/2015 9 DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE: Historical Development 2000 - Initial Grant - Raised awareness of the relationship and trajectory 2003 – Launch of site-based work 2004 - Created the Guidebook detailing a new framework for multi-system coordination Guidebook for Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare System Coordination and Integration: Framework for Improved Outcomes www.rfknrcjj.org 2008 - Revised Guidebook Dual Status Youth – Technical Assistance Workbook 2011 – Models for Change /OJJDP 4-site Project launched 2013 - Revised Guidebook (3rd edition); Dual Status Youth - Technical Assistance Workbook 7/18/2015 www.rfknrcjj.org 10 DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE 2014: Taking a Closer Look - Early intervention - Alternative response - Trauma screening - Cross-system mapping - Organizational culture change - Family engagement - Performance measurement - Youth outcome clarity 7/18/2015 11 DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE Massachusetts Essex County Hampden County* Suffolk County State of Arizona California Los Angeles County* Santa Clara County* Connecticut* Connecticut Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division Georgia Newton County* New Jersey Middlesex County* Washington Clark County* King County* Spokane County* Illinois Cook County* DuPage County* Ogle County Peoria County 7/18/2015 Minnesota Beltrami County White Earth Indian Nation Wisconsin Outagamie County* 12 DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE - Framework FOUR PHASE PROCESS: I. MOBILIZATION / ADVOCACY II. STUDY & ANALYSIS - Data Collection, Mgmt., & Performance Measurement - Resources and Practice - Law, Policy, and Information Sharing Guidebook for Juvenile Justice & Child Welfare Systems Coordination & Integration: A Framework for Improved Outcomes (2004; Revised 2008; 3rd edition 2013) http://www.rfknrcjj.org III. ACTION STRATEGY IV. IMPLEMENTATION DESIRED OUTCOMES: Findings Reduce recidivism Improve family functioning Reduce out-of–home placement Improve behavioral health Recommendations Increase individual competencies Improve educational performance Increase pro-social bonds System(s) performance enhancement Action Strategy 7/18/2015 Implementation 14 Desired Outcomes Recommended Practices for Handling Dual Status Youth Routine identification of dual status youth Individualized outcomes Validated screening and assessment instruments Alternatives to formal processing at earliest opportunity and key decision points Engagement of families Joint assessment process across systems that includes families Coordinated case planning court processes case management Focus on family stability, placement stability, and community connections Recommended Products for Handling Dual Status Youth MOU detailing the various agencies’ commitments to cross system collaboration & coordination Policy and protocol documentation Information sharing agreement Resources inventory Data sharing agreement System for data collection and management to measure the achievement of outcomes List of desired system and youth and family outcomes Case flow process map & narrative Assessment inventory Multi-system training plan Implementation Manual Hampden County, MA Target Population Desired Outcomes Practices Products Youth who are arraigned on a delinquent offense and are already involved in Child Welfare (current investigation, voluntary application, care and protection, Child Requiring Assistance) DUALLY INVOLVED Fewer violations of Probation Greater stability of placements Better educational results Increased connections to pro-social activities Better permanency planning Identification of dually-involved youth at arraignment Engagement of families Coordinated case conference w/youth & family, school personnel, Probation Officer, Asst. DA, Social Worker, MH, school personnel Identify alternatives to formal processing (diversion) Dedicated docket Cross system trauma-informed training Hired parent advocate Data collection efforts • MOU focused on Information sharing and release of information • Case flow process maps • Implementation manual 7/18/2015 17 7/18/2015 18 DUAL STATUS YOUTH INITIATIVE Technical Assistance/Consultation Presentations/Training Practice Network Publications http://www.rfknrcjj.org/resources/ 7/18/2015 19 www.rfknrcjj.org Robert F. Kennedy Children's Action Corps RFK National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice 11 Beacon Street, Suite 820 Boston, MA 02108 Telephone: Central Office - 617-227-4183 John A. Tuell, MA, Executive Director Home office: 703-753-0059 / Mobile: 703-608-8823 [email protected] Jessica Heldman, JD, Associate Executive Director Home office: 858-800-7050 [email protected] Kari L. Harp, MS, Independent Consultant Telephone: 719-580-5065 [email protected] Sorrel Dilanian, MA, Director of Program Administration Telephone: 703-203-8810 [email protected] 7/18/2015 20