Transcript Propagation of Agroforestry Trees

Allanblackia Integrated
Domestication Strategy
West and Central Africa
Asaah ICRAF-WCA/HT
BP 16317 Yaounde, Cameroon
Tel: (+237) 223 75 60; Fax: (+237) 223 74 40
Email: [email protected]
1
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Topics for discussion
Background
 Main Components of Domestication
 Allanblackia Domestigram
 Partnerships
 Management and Coordination
 Lessons Learnt
 Development of a national strategy

2
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Background


Of the 9 recorded
species of Allanblackia,
4 occur in this region:
3 occur in Cameroon;




A. floribunda (Nigeria),
A. gabonensis and
A. stanerana &
A. parviflora (Ghana).
Fruiting A. floribunda tree
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
3
Main Components of
Domestication

Some specificity of agroforestry trees for
domestication - Allanblackia









Species with threatened habitats and populations
Limited knowledge on propagation
Limited knowledge on management
Incomplete knowledge on nutritional qualities
No formal varieties
Traditional use based on wild harvest
Timid promotional campaigns
Limited product development
Limited market information systems
4
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre







Review and collation of available literature on
Allanblackia species.
Determination of natural distribution and zones of
abundance of each species.
Development of germplasm collection and conservation
strategies.
Assessment of genetic diversity through molecular,
biophysical & chemical characterisation studies.
Development of suitable clonal propagation methods.
Determine integration/diversification requirement of the
species.
Training and technical backstopping of stakeholders in
the Allanblackia domestication initiative.
5
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Allanblackia Domestigram
Characterisation studies
Phenotypic studies
Chemical studies
Molecular studies
Ideotypes selection
Other trees
Sexual propagation
Vegetative Propagation
Seedlings
Grafting
Cuttings/Marcots
Improved propagules
Participatory evaluation
CS of propagator
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
6
Partnerships
ICRAF-WCA







Farmer Groups
CBOs
NGOs
NARS
Universities
Private sectors
In Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon
7
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Key elements in partnerships

Partners should be strategic


Partnership appraisal


On technical, policy and NRM domains.
to assess how partners fit into the strategy and
what mutual and complementary benefits could
arise from such partnerships.
Definition of specific roles and potential
contributions of partners

e.g. Allanblackia domestication initiative
8
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Partners Roles and Responsibilities..1
Farmer Groups & CBOs
1.
2.
3.
Indigenous knowledge,
Seed collection,
Propagate and plant Allanblackia
NGOs
1.
2.
Facilitates stakeholder collaboration,
Production & distribution germplasm
for incorporation into farming systems,
Promote best practices for sustainable
wild harvesting & biodiversity
conservation
Promote development & investment
opportunities to create additional
income at producer level
3.
4.
NARS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Development of propagation
techniques,
Development of agroforestry systems
Conduct ecological studies to establish
the abundance and a baseline for
sustainable harvesting
Extension of best practices of
9
Allanblackia domestication
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Universities and Research Institutions
1.
2.
3.
Private sector
1.
2.
Development of propagation
techniques
Development of Allanblackia
cultivars
Development of agroforestry
systems
Facilitates the development of
marketing networks and supply
chain
Facilitates resource mobilization
for Allanblackia domestication
initiative
10
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre



Co-ordination and Management
Proper co-ordination and management is
important to leverage the benefits from
such synergies with multiple partners.
ICRAF Cameroon & Novella projects in,
Ghana and Nigeria are facilitators of the
Allanblackia domestication initiative in west
and central Africa.
However, ownership and sustainability of
the programme in Cameroon, Ghana and
Nigeria is ensured by NARS staff seconded
to support the programme implementation.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
11

Organize stakeholders annual planning
and evaluation meetings aimed at
developing:


an integrated strategy for sustainable
extraction,commercialization of
Allanblackia seeds from natural stands in
the short term, and
production of quality germplasm of
Allanblackia for integration into farming
systems in the long term.
12
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre

Outcomes of planning meetings include:




Specific roles and contributions of partners in the
implementation of the Allanblackia domestication
initiative established;
Key stakeholders evaluate past activities and
orientate future work as required.
Partners and stakeholders present and
consolidate yearly work plans and budgets.
Elements for writing of yearly progress reports
derived, gaps for further research identified and
directions for further orientation of the
domestication initiative and resource mobilisation
strategies defined.
13
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Organise technical backstopping


Crucial for partners in the different countries
playing a prominent role in empowering
communities and farmer groups on
Allanblackia domestication.
Partners have to develop pilots in villages
which will constitute future Allanblackia
knowledge (Resource) centers in
communities for dissemination of best
practices of Allanblackia domestication
14
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre




Allanblackia knowledge centers are being
developed in Cameroon with partners who
participated in germplasm collection, production, &
biophysical characterization,
Nigeria with partners who participated in a national
tree domestication training course with emphasis on
Allanblackia in July 2006.
Tanzania following an Allanblackia domestication
training course organized in July 2006 and
Later in Ghana after similar plan training course.
15
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Highlights of Training in Tanzania
16
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Structure of Knowledge Center

10 non mist propagators, germination beds,

quality seeds/seedlings of AB and a number of priority
species,

stock plants plots established of AB and other priority
species,

at least 10 selected female trees cut down for mass
multiplication through vegetative propagation,

plants of AB and other priority species produced by sexual
or vegetative propagation techniques,

demonstration plots of AB integrated with other priority
species and

training materials on (nursery techniques, propagation
methods, guidelines for tree integration and management
etc..).
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
17
Integration models for Allanblackia


Allanblackia is not isolated but integrated in
the domestication process of working trees
(fruits, medicinal, culinary, fodder, fuel wood,
timber…) on working landscapes (agricultural
and degraded forest landscapes).
Preliminary work done in Cameroon on
Allanblackia integration under partial shade
in secondary forest and under direct sunlight
indicates that Allanblackia seedlings will
required partial shade just like other local fruit
trees.
18
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Models for Integration in mixed agroforestry systems







1 farm
=
100 farms =
500 farms =
1,000 farms =
5,000 farms =
10,000 farms=
100,000 farms=
1,000,000 AB trees
10, 000 AB trees each
2,000 AB trees each
1,000 AB trees each
200 AB trees each
100 AB trees each
10 AB tree each
19
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Lesson learnt and gaps
1.
An integrated domestication strategy to
guide the Allanblackia domestication
initiative has been developed and is in
place. Various components of the strategy
e.g. development of suitable propagation
methods, characterization studies and
integration models are being implemented
at varying levels in Cameroon, Ghana,
Nigeria and Tanzania.
20
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
2. Biophysical characterization methods have
been developed, and descriptors for the
predication of nut traits from fruit traits (fruit
size=high number of nuts) identified. These
results will gradually be applied in the
selection of mother trees for germplsam and
fruit collection in the different countries.
21
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
3. Solid and strategic partnerships developed,
however, there should be a clear definition
of roles and responsibilities among and
between partners in the Allanblackia
domestication initiative.
4. The need to facilitate the creation of
Allanblackia knowledge centers in
communities that will play the key role of
dissemination of knowledge on best
practices of Allanblackia domestication.
5. Develop a sustainable funding mechanism
for Allanblackia domestication initiative.
22
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Development of a national
strategy specific to Cameroon


Since domestication is a farmer driven and
market led process, it is important that
mechanisms to put in place to establish a
supply chain for Allanblackia seeds in
Cameroon.
In the absence of an alternative wide scale
local use for the seeds, the non-existence of
the supply chain is a disincentive for
Allanblackia cultivation in Cameroon and all
awareness efforts on the species might not
make a difference in the eyes of farmers.
23
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre