Transcript Document

Internet2 Architecture
(GigaPoP)
Team 4
Claudette Morris
Mary Manfredi
O. Satty Joshua (Co-project Leader)
John Galatti (Co-project Leader)
Mauro Cruz
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Internet2 Architecture (GigaPoP)
Acronyms and definitions
What is Internet2?
Primary goals of Internet2
Key Qualities of Internet2
How did it originate?
Components of Internet2
Principles in Internet2 deliberation
Internet2 Architecture - GigaPoPs
Some Internet2 Applications
Advantages of Internet2
Internet2 Consortium
Conclusions
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Acronyms and definitions
GigaPoP – gigabit capacity point of presence
Abilene – a high speed backbone network for Internet2
developed by UCAID, named after the American West
operates at 2.4 Gbps (OC-48)
vBNS – very high-speed Backbone Network Services
developed by NFS and MCI and interconnects several
supercomputer center at 622 Mbps (OC-12)
UCAID – University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development.
NSF – National Science Foundation
Tele-immersion – a video-conferencing and data sharing
environment.
NGI – Next Generation Internet
QoS – Quality of Service
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What is Internet2
A high-speed network for government,
academic and research use administered by
UCAID
A consortium being led by over 180 United
States’ universities working in partnership
with industry and government.
Accelerating the creation of tomorrow's
Internet.
Recreating the partnership among
academia, industry and government that
fostered today´s Internet in its infancy.
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The primary goals of Internet2
To develop and deploy advanced network
applications and technologies
To create a leading edge network capability for
the national research community
To ensure the rapid transfer of new network
services and applications to a broader Internet
community
To foster the growth of digital libraries, teleimmersion and virtual laboratories
To provide higher bandwidth; multicasting; and
guaranteed delivery and performance
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Key Qualities of Internet2
Providing data rates in the gigabits
Maintaining a flexible infrastructure to work
with current requirements
Maintaining compatibility with current internet
Uses IPv6 and thereby incorporating native
multi-casting, high reliability and high capacity
Allows high bandwidth applications to coexist
with each other simultaneously
Provide advanced services through the same
high-capacity local connection circuit.
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How it Originated – The NC GigaPoP
It started with members of the a academic, research, and business
community in North Carolina Research Triangle Park (RTP).
They worked to create a high-performance regional network as partners
in the North Carolina Network Initiative (NCNI).
They built a network that served as a PoP to handle multigigabit traffic
to be delivered by the next-generation Internet within the sites at NC
State, UNC, Duke and MCNC and link with North Carolina
Supercomputing Center.
The name GigaPoP was derived from this venture – like a great railway
junction, a central distribution point for the movement of digital freight.
This effort was supported by the California Research and Education
Network 2 (Calren2), the Houston Area Computational Science
Consortium (HACSC), the Metropolitan Research Network (MREN)
serving Chicago area, and the New York State Educational and
Research Network (Nysernet).
This effort was extended with the help of NFS, NGI and corporations,
and in October 1996 Internet2 was formally announced by 34
universities.
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Sample NC Universities’ GigaPoPs
.
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Sample NC Universities’ GigaPoPs
GigaPoP network consists of an OC-48 SONET ring, a
SONET add/drop mux (ADM) connected to an ATM core
switches on an OC-12 link, with an OC-3c and DS-3 ATM
edge connections, and an IP routers.
The North Carolina gigaPoP connects local universities
and research centers to the Internet2 backbone network.
This high-performance backbone network is built under
the U.S. government’s Next Generation Internet Initiative.
The gigaPoP accesses to the Abilene network being
constructed as part of UCAID for Internet2 project.
Access to the Abilene Network will occur through the North
Carolina State University campus at Centennial center.
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Principles in Internet2 Deliberations
Buy rather than build – employ currently available
technology.
Open rather than closed – rely on open, published
protocols and standards.
Redundancy rather than reliance – avoid long-term
dependence on single network providers, single hardware
or software manufacturers or single pathways
Basics before complexity – focus on specific need, current
or anticipated
Production not experimentation – support for the
development of advanced applications not an
experimentation lab.
Services to end users, not among commercial providers.
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Components of Internet2
Internet2 has four major technical
components:
Applications that require Internet2-level
services outlined by the Application Working
Group (see solid-colored screens)
 Campus networks connecting gigaPoPs to
end users in their labs, classrooms, or offices
(see solid clouds)
 GigaPoPs consolidating and managing traffic
from campus networks (Striped clouds)
 Internet2 interconnections among the
gigaPoPs (dotted clouds)

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Internet2 Architecture (GigaPoP)
Key architectural element is a connectivity cloud based on
GigaPoP concept.
A single interconnection service among gigaPoPs utilizing
NFS-sponsored vBNS.
Interconnection that supports differentiated Quality of
Service among gigaPoPs.
Provides campuses the ability to acquire services from
the widest variety of ISPs.
Campuses in a geographic region can interconnect at a
regional gigaPoP.
Each campus can install high-speed circuit to its chosen
gigaPoP through which they will gain access to
community internet services as well as Internet2 services.
GigaPoPs manage connectivity among themselves
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Intra-Campus and Campus-to- GigaPoP
.
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GigaPoP Structure & Services
A gigaPoP is a regional network interconnect point
providing access to the inter-gigaPoP network.
A gigaPoP is a secure and environmentally conditioned
location that houses a collection of communications
equipment and support hardware.
Circuits are terminated between gigaPoPs and members
networks and from wide area networks.
Internet2 Member’s networks are non-transit networks.
GigaPoP’s key function is the exchange of Internet2
traffic with specified bandwidth and QoS attributes.
A gigaPoP must not route non-Internet2 traffic over
Internet2 inter-gigaPoP connections.
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GigaPoP Structure & Services
There are two types of gigaPoPs
Type 1 gigaPoP serve only Internet2 members.
Routes traffic through one or two connections to
another gigaPoP.
Simple internet routing and firewalling among
gigaPoPs
Type 2 gigaPoP serves both Internet2 members
and other networks which Internet2 members need
access
Has a rich set of connections to other gigaPoPs and
therefore must provide mechanism to route traffic
correctly.
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Some Internet2 Applications
High Performance Networking Applications

Geology Explorer – a multi-user educational game that teaches
concepts and principles of physical geology.
Health Sciences (Medical Informatics) - a broad field of
spanning electronic medical records, telemedicine, information
retrieval, image processing and analysis, bioinformatics and
evaluation methodology.
Tele-immersion- the use of computers to track the presence and
movement of individuals and images, and projected in realistic
multiple geographically distributed environments.
Virtual Laboratory - an Application Environment for computational
Science and Engineering.
Digital Libraries and Information Access and Distribution
LearningWare and the Instructional management System
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Internet2’s ATM/IP Switching Element
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Internet2’s ATM/IP Switching Element
External connections to gigaPoP ATM Switching element may be
direct SONET circuits from campus ATM Switches or a full ATM
service from commercial carriers.
ATM Switching Element multiplexes the link level bandwidth
through permanent or switched virtual circuits.
Intra/inter-gigaPoP connectivity can be optimized and separate
bandwidth allocated to other or special purpose requirements.
Primary gigaPoP service is provided by the IP Routing Elements.
They are fed directly from external SONET/PPP or high speed
synchronous circuits via PVC/SVC links.
All QoS support and IP routing decisions are made in the IP
forwarding equipment.
The IP forwarding equipment makes use of the ATM layer to
establish dynamic QoS or SVCs to support differentiated IP
service requirements.
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Security Concerns for Internet2
The Following are the initial security concerns for
Internet2
Network System attacks
– attacks on the network infrastructure itself with intent
to degrade
Unauthorized use of the network
– methods and infrastructure for performing
authentication and authorization must be secured
against attacks
Inappropriate use of the network .
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Some Internet2 GigaPoP Sites
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Advantages of Internet2
GigaPoP architecture will enrich teaching, learning,
collaboration and research activities within and across
colleges and universities.
High capacity and selectable QoS for leading-edge
research community, national Labs, computational
facilities and large data repositories.
Selectable QoS and efficient “one-to-many” data
transport for distance learning.
Provides medical researchers support for remote
consultation and diagnoses over a reliable and
predictable communication services.
Provides physical scientists access to massive and
astronomical or geographical datasets.
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Some Consortium Members
Arizona State University
Columbia University
Cornell University
Duke University
North Carolina State University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT
Princeton University
New Jersey Institute of Technology - NJIT
AT&T, 3COM, CISCO, NORTEL, IBM, SUN
Microsystems
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Conclusions
Internet2 applications requires next-generation network
services on an end-to-end basis.
Hence, significant upgrades needed to most campus
networks
Internet2 members are responsible for bringing their
campus networks up to Internet2 standards.
Internet2 must encourage the development of advanced
real-time multimedia applications.
Internet2 is standards-based but pre-competitive
production network
Use of off-the-shelf technology wherever possible .
Costs for inter-gigaPoP connectivity are not yet known
Other gigaPoP costs will vary with circumstances and
services offered.
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