Transcript Chapter 23 “Ideologies and Upheavals” 1815-1850

Chapter 12
“The Conservative Order and the
Challenges of Reform”
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
MR. RICK PURRINGTON
MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL
portrays persons from different
social classes and occupations
joining the revolution led by the
figure of Liberty.
Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863),
Liberty Leading the People,
1830. Oil on canvas, 260 × 325
cm—RF 129. Musée du Louvre,
Paris, France/Scala/Art
Resource, NY
I.
19th Century Political Movements
A. Liberal Political Goals:
1. Put Enlightenment ideas into practice
2. Legal equality
3. Religious toleration
4. Freedom of the press
5. Written constitutions
B. Nationalism
1. extreme patriotism, sense of duty for nation or
ethnicity
2. people are brought together by common bonds
of language, culture, geography, politics, and
history
3. ‘us vs. them’ mentality results
4. Ex of Nationalism: South during U.S. Civil War
Confederates
C. Conservative Political Goals:
1. maintain rule by legitimate monarchies, powerful
aristocracies, and established churches
2. prevent political unrest, maintaining
international peace
3. written constitutions unnecessary
4. disliked Enlightenment
5. Metternich of Au – desired “peace and quiet”
- Feared spread of liberalism and nationalism
6. 1819 - The Carlsbad Decrees
- rooted out rebellious ideas w/censorship and
press controls in Au and southern G
- Burschenschaften – G student nationalists
- Karl Sand, murdered conservative author and
is executed by Au authorities
- Sand becomes a martyr for nationalism
conservative playwright August
von Kotzebue the previous year.
In the eyes of many young
German nationalists, Sand was
a political martyr.
Bildarchiv Preussischer
Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY
D. Revolt Against Ottoman Rule
1.1830 - Serbia
- Independence granted by Ot after years
revolts and fighting
- Ru supports and protects Serbia due to their
common Slavic ethnicity
II.
Fr After Napoleon
A. 1830 - Constitutional Monarchy
1. Unpopular Charles X abdicates
2. Louis-Philippe
- Popular liberal reforms including
Freedom of religion and press
- unpopular with lower classes
- worker revolts put down violently
III.1825 – The Decembrist Revolt in Ru
A. Tsar Nicholas I – stops coup, represses liberalism
ecame Argentina.
Independence
Movements in Latin
America by 1830
Chapter 13
“Economic Advances and Social Unrest”
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
MR. RICK PURRINGTON
MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL
most industrialized economy, in
Europe, but rail lines were
expanding rapidly in France, the
German states, and Austria.
Southern and eastern Europe
had few railways, and the
Ottoman Empire had none.
Image Works/Mary Evans
Picture Library Ltd.
The “invisible hand”
“From each according to his ability, to each
according to his need."
~ Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
I. Marxist Socialism
A. 1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write
The Communist Manifesto
1. “the bible” of socialism
2. class struggles need to be eliminated
3. industrialization has split classes more
than ever:
- bourgeoisie – upper middle class
- proletariat – industrial working class
Karl Marx
- bourgeoisie profits = wages stolen
from the proletariat
4. Marx predicts a violent Proletarian
Revolution
- “The proletariat has nothing to lose
but its chains.”
Ayn Rand
Europe in 1800
IV.
The Revolutions of 1848
A. Series of liberal and nationalistic revolutions in:
1. Fr, Au, Italy, G
2. Reasons: IDEAS and DISCONTENT
- increased literacy, food shortages,
unemployment, poor working conditions
B. 1848 - Fr
1. class injustice = discontent!
Louis-Philippe abdicates the throne
2. The Second Republic reigns
- 1851 Louis Napoleon elected President =
NAPOLEON III
Louis Napoleon
French Revolution of 1848,
crowds in Paris burned the
throne of Louis Philippe.
Bildarchiv Preussischer
Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY
C. 1848 - Austria
- liberal, nationalistic ideas are spreading
- Hungarians, Serbs, Croats, all want independence,
protests erupt
- Serfdom is abolished
- Hungarians earn statehood
- Metternich flees in disguise
- Revolutions crushed by Habsburg and Ru military
- 1849 Austria-Hungary
Europe 1900