Transcript A NATURAL WAY OF BONE ATTACHMENTS

A NATURAL WAY OF BONE
ATTACHMENTS
PRESENTED BY:- VEDA SRUTHI.K
COLLEGE:-B.V.R.I.T
HYDERABAD
Andhra Pradesh.
pin:-500072
E-mail:[email protected]
HOW I GOT IDEA?
1.)How I got the idea is that always replacing the metal plates is very
complicated.
2.) . The heat generated by the friction of installing hardware can
easily accumulate and damage bone tissue, reducing the strength of
the connections.
3.) If dissimilar metals are installed in contact with one another (i.e., a
titanium plate with cobalt-chromium alloy or stainless steel screws),
galvanic corrosion will result.
4.)The metal ions produced can damage the bone locally and may
cause systemic effects as well.
5.) Stress shielding occurs when plates or screws carry too large of a
portion of the bone's load, causing atrophy.
(p.t.o)
6.) This problem is reduced, but not eliminated, by the use of lowmodulus materials, including titanium and its alloys.
7.)So production of this type of minerals cause the environment and
the activities immobility.
8.)So after the operation when the metal is thrown they cannot be
completely decay in the earth so they cause imbalance to the
biological activities.
IDEA:
So by keeping all this in mind I designed this project that
why can’t we design naturally that can be helpful in both
environmental side and biological activities.
One of the most important point in this project is that we can reduce
the operation charge such that the poor people will and can afford
the charge.
NOW LET US SEE ABOUT THE DISCRIPTION OF BANYAN
TREE AND THEIR RELAVENT DATA.
Banana plant
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliopyta
Class:
Liliopsida
Order:
Zingiberales
Family:
Musaceae
Genus:
Musa
Banana, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 90 kcal 370 kJ
Carbohydrates
22.84 g
- Sugars 12.23 g
- Dietary fiber 2.6 g
Fat
0.33 g
Protein
1.09 g
Vitamin A equiv. 3 μg
0%
Thiamin (Vit. B1) 0.031 mg
2%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.073 mg
5%
Niacin (Vit. B3) 0.665 mg
4%
Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.334 mg
7%
Vitamin B6 0.367 mg
28%
Folate (Vit. B9) 20 μg
5%
Vitamin C 8.7 mg
15%
Calcium 5 mg
1%
Iron 0.26 mg
2%
Magnesium 27 mg
7%
Phosphorus 22 mg
3%
Potassium 358 mg
8%
Zinc 0.15 mg
1%
PREPERATION OF NATURAL FIBER FROM THE BANANA
PLANT.
The banana plant has long been a source of fiber for high quality textiles. In Japan, the
cultivation of banana for clothing and household use dates back to at least the 13th
century. In the Japanese system, leaves and shoots are cut from the plant periodically to
ensure softness. The harvested shoots must first be boiled in lye to prepare the fibers for
the making of the yarn. These banana shoots produce fibers of varying degrees of
softness, yielding yarns and textiles with differing qualities for specific uses. For
example, the outermost fibers of the shoots are the coarsest, and are suitable for
tablecloths, whereas the softest innermost fibers are desirable for kimono and
kamishimo. This traditional Japanese banana cloth making process requires many steps,
all performed by hand.[12]
In another system employed in Nepal, the trunk of the banana plant is harvested instead,
small pieces of which are subjected to a softening process, mechanical extraction of the
fibers, bleaching, and drying. After that, the fibers are sent to the Kathmandu valley for
the making of high end rugs with a textural quality similar to silk. These banana fiber
rugs are woven by the traditional Nepalese hand-knotted methods, and are sold
RugMark certified
Structure of bone(arm)
before and after a surgery
Bone fracture
Classification & external resources
Internal and external views of an arm with a compound
fracture, both before and after surgery
ICD-10
ICD-9
DiseasesDB
MeSH
T14.2
829
4939
D050723
NATURALLY ITSELF THE BONE HEALS
The bone heals naturally like the following process
Bone healing
Main article: Bone healing
The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and
surrounding tissues bleed. The blood coagulates to form a blood clot
situated between the broken fragments. Within a few days blood vessels
grow into the jelly-like matrix of the blood clot. The new blood vessels
bring white blood cells to the area, which gradually remove the non-viable
material. The blood vessels also bring fibroblasts in the walls of the
vessels and these multiply and produce collagen fibres. In this way the
blood clot is replaced by a matrix of collagen. Collagen's rubbery
consistency allows bone fragments to move only a small amount unless
severe or persistent force is applied.
(p.t.o)
At this stage, some of the fibroblasts begin to lay down bone
matrix (calcium hydroxyapatite) in the form of insoluble
crystals. This mineralization of the collagen matrix stiffens it
and transforms it into bone. In fact, bone is a mineralized
collagen matrix; if the mineral is dissolved out of bone, it
becomes rubbery. Healing bone callus is on average
sufficiently mineralized to show up on X-ray within 6 weeks
in adults and less in children. This initial "woven" bone does
not have the strong mechanical properties of mature bone. By
a process of remodeling, the woven bone is replaced by
mature "lamellar" bone. The whole process can take up to 18
months, but in adults the strength of the healing bone is
usually 80% of normal by 3 months after the injury.
Several factors can help or hinder the bone healing process. For example,
any form of nicotine hinders the process of bone healing, and adequate
nutrition (including calcium intake) will help the bone healing process.
Weight-bearing stress on bone, after the bone has healed sufficiently to
bear the weight, also builds bone strength.
TREATMENT:First aid for fractures includes stabilizing the break with a splint in order to prevent
movement of the injured part, which could sever blood vessels and cause further tissue
damage. Waxed cardboard splints are inexpensive, lightweight, waterproof and strong.
Compound fractures are treated as open wounds in addition to fractures.
At the hospital, closed fractures are diagnosed by taking an X-ray photograph of the
injury.
Since bone healing is a natural process which will most often occur, fracture treatment
aims to ensure the best possible function of the injured part after healing.
(p.t.o)
Bone fractures are typically treated by restoring the fractured pieces of
bone to their natural positions (if necessary), and maintaining those
positions while the bone heals. To put them back into the natural
positions, the doctor often "snaps" the bones back into place. This
process is extremely painful without anesthesia, about as painful as
breaking the bone itself. To this end, a fractured limb is usually
immobilized with a plaster or fiberglass cast which holds the bones in
position and immobilizes the joints above and below the fracture. If
being treated with surgery, surgical nails, screws, plates and wires are
used to hold the fractured bone together more directly. Alternatively,
fractured bones may be treated by the Ilizarov method which is a form of
external fixator.
Occasionally smaller bones, such as toes, may be treated without the
cast, by buddy wrapping them, which serves a similar function to making
a cast. By allowing only limited movement, fixation helps preserve
anatomical alignment while enabling callus formation, towards the target
of achieving union.
(p.t.o)
Surgical methods of treating fractures have their own risks and benefits,
but usually surgery is done only if conservative treatment has failed or is
very likely to fail. With some fractures such as hip fractures (usually
caused by osteoporosis or Osteogenesis Imperfecta), surgery is offered
routinely, because the complications of non-operative treatment include
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, which are more
dangerous than surgery. When a joint surface is damaged by a fracture,
surgery is also commonly recommended to make an accurate anatomical
reduction and restore the smoothness of the joint.
Infection is especially dangerous in bones, due to their limited blood
flow. Bone tissue is predominantly extracellular matrix, rather than living
cells, and the few blood vessels needed to support this low metabolism
are only able to bring a limited number of immune cells to an injury to
fight infection. For this reason, open fractures and osteotomies call for
very careful antiseptic procedures and prophylactic antibiotics.
X-RAY DIAGRAMS OF TIBIA
WITH INTRAMEDULAR NAIL
X-ray showing a the
proximal portion of a
fractured tibia with an
intramedular nail.
X-ray showing the distal
portion of a fractured tibia
and intramedular nail.
NATURAL PROCESS OF
ATTACHMENT
In our natural process there will be only fiber and
some natural chemicals.
There will be three steps in the fiber extraction
1.)Green bark extraction
2.)White stem separation
3.)Fiber separation from the internal stem.
Diagrammatic representation
Green bark outer layer of the
tree
White stem after removal of the
bark
Final product(fiber)
Procedure
1.)After doing the surgery then first we have to
apply the natural glue this can also be prepared from
the banyan plan.
2.)Then secondly we have to take the natural fiber
and glue from the plant that which is obtained.
3.)Then we have to tie the fiber around the broken
part then before that we have to apply the natural
glue to the part.
4.)The person must take rest of nearly 30 days.
5.)Then he must intake of minerals that is
Nacl,Iron,Calcium etc.
DECOMPOSITION CAPABILITY:-
Decaying capability
NO.of days
If so there is scarce in the banyan plant then we can use pine apple
plant or palm plant.
General description:Piña is a fiber made from the leaves of a pineapple and is commonly used in the
Philippines. It is sometimes combined with silk or polyester to create a textile fabric.
The end fabric is lightweight, easy to care for and has an elegant appearance similar to
linen.[1]
Major Fiber Properties:Piña comes from the leaves of the pineapple plant. "Each strand of the hand scraped Piña
fiber is knotted one by one to form a continuous filament for hand weaving into the Piña
cloth". [2] The piña fiber is softer, and has a high luster, and is usually white or ivory in
color.
Production Methods:-
Scraping a pineapple leaf to
reveal the fibers.Since piña
is from a leaf, the leaf has to
first be cut from the plant.
Then the fiber is pulled or
split away from the leaf.
Most leaf fibers are long
and somewhat stiff.
Uses pine fiber
A major use for piña fabric is in the creation of the Barong
Tagalog and other formal wear that is common in the
Philippines. It is also used for other table linens, bags, mats
and other clothing items, or anytime that a lightweight, but
stiff and sheer fabric is needed.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity of
listening my idea. I would also thank NITIN
SAGAR for encouraging me in this project
and giving his valuable decisions.