Transcript MLA Format!!!

MLA Format!!!
What’s This For???
 Plagiarism is a serious offense in the
educational world.
 In high school, you will either lose
significant marks, or be assigned a failing
grade, depending on the seriousness of
the offense.
 In university and college, you will face
expulsion if charged with plagiarism!
OK, so what do I do?
 First, determine which system your class
uses.
 There are three major systems of
reference: MLA (Modern Language
Association), APA (American
Psychological Association), and Chicago.
 For HUMANITIES courses, the majority
use MLA. Learn it; Love it!
Documentation
 MLA Style
 APA Style
Documentation
 MLA = Modern Languages Association
(used in humanities, i.e. English)
 APA = American Psychological
Association (used primarily for social
sciences)
Standard format
 Last name of author, first name. Title of
book italicized. City of publication:
name of publisher, date of
publication.
 Walker, Alice. The Color
Purple.
Toronto: A Harvest Book Harcourt,
Inc., 1982.
Citing from an anthology
 To cite an anthology that was edited by
someone else whose name appears on
the title page
 Conrad, Ronald, ed. The Act of Writing.
4th ed. Toronto:
McGraw-Hill
Ryerson Ltd., 1995.
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Citing Works in
anthologies:
 Richler, Mordecai. “1944: The Year I
Learned to Love a German.” The Act
of Writing.
Ed. Ronald Conrad. 4th
ed. Toronto: McGraw Hill
Ryerson Ltd., 1995. 142149.
When do I need to
reference?
 When you quote material VERBATIM.
 When you PARAPHRASE material.
 When you include STATISTICS or
findings from a survey or study.
 When you incorporate facts, ideas and
opinions that ARE NOT COMMON
KNOWLEDGE (this one is a tricky one)
How do I cite a source?
 Whenever possible, MLA dictates that you
acknowledge your source with the author’s
surname and page number(s).
 If the author’s name is used within the
sentence, only the page number(s) need to be
cited.
 If the work has no page numbers, then you
must cite the entire work (full title and author)
Examples
 Blah blah Ackerman, “blah blah blah” (94).
 “Blah blah blah blah blah” (Ackerman 94).
 Blah blah blah blah bladiddly blah blah
(Ackerman and Morgenstern 103).
 Blah blim blam blooey (Jorgenson par. 21)
 Blah blah blah (Gardiner et al. 29-31)
More citation types
 If a work is part of a multi-volume set, the
volume number appears before the page,
i.e. (Smith 3:345)
 If the author is unknown, the full title can
be used, or a shortened version of the
title, i.e. (The Dreams of a Century State
99-103), or (Dreams 99-103)
STILL more citation types!
 If you are citing more than one book by
the same author, you must include the
title as well within the parenthetical
reference, i.e. (Jones, This Way Out 87),
(Jones, Tomorrow Country 17).
Rule of Thumb
When in doubt,
CITE IT!
Works Cited (aka
bibliography)
 General Form for BOOKS:
 Author. Title of Book. City: Publisher,
Date.
 Example:
 Coggins, Gordon. A Guide to Writing
Essays and Research Papers. Toronto:
Van Nostrand Runhold, 1977.
More works cited
 If there is more than one author, the first listed
author’s name is reversed, as usual. The
remaining authors may be written in normal
form.
 Example:
 Dorland, Michael, and Maurice Charland. Law,
Rhetoric and Irony in the Formation of
Canadian Civil Culture. Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 2002.
Other sources
 Periodicals – General form:
 Author’s name. “Article Title.” Publication
Name volume.issue (year): page-range
 If a periodical is not listed with volume
and issue, use the publication date
instead.
Still more sources!!!!
 Electronic Sources
 Example:
 Author’s Name. “Title of Document”. Name of
Print Publication if Applicable Date of print
publication if applicable: page range if
applicable. Title of Website. Date of
Electronic Publication. Name of Institution
or Organization. Date of access <URL>
 Confused????
Electronic Sources
 Entire Website – Civilization.ca 24 Jan,
2007. Canadian Museum of Civilization
Corporation. 6 Mar, 2007
http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/cmce.asp
Electronic Sources
 Online Periodical – Lederberg, Joshua.
“Infectious History”. Science 14 April
2000: 287-93. Science Magazine. 2000.
American Association for the
Advancement of Science. 6 Mar, 2007
<http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol2
88/issue5464/index.shtml>
Piece of Advice
 If you are EVER going to take a
humanities course during university (and
you all will, because you have to,
whether you like it or not), I HIGHLY
recommend purchasing the MLA
handbook. You can get a used copy for
about $5. Best 5 bucks you ever spent.