Transcript Slide 1

Unit 5, Part 1
UNIT 5, Part 1
Acts of Courage
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Unit 5, Part 1
MAIN MENU
Acts of Courage
(pages 1020–1034)
What Makes
a Hero?
Click a selection title to go to the corresponding
selection menu.
Unit 5, Part 1
SELECTION MENU
What makes
a Hero?
Selection Menu (pages 1020–1023)
Before You Read
Reading the Selection
After You Read
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Preview the Article
Before you read the article, think about the
following questions:
• What answers can you give to the
question in the title of the article?
• From skimming the first paragraph, what
can you predict about the content of the
article?
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Set a Purpose for Reading
Read to discover contrasting ideas
about heroes.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Clarifying Meaning
When you clarify the meaning of a
text, you work to unlock the meaning of
each section or paragraph. To clarify
meaning, answer the questions on the
following slide.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Clarifying Meaning
• What does this section mean? Why
might the writer have chosen to include
this?
• How does this information relate to the
main idea and other ideas in the text?
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Clarifying Meaning
Create a chart
similar to the one
shown and answer
the questions to
help you clarify
meaning as you
read.
Unit 5, Part 1
What makes
a Hero?
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Acts of Courage As you read, keep the
following questions in mind. How do you
define heroism? Who do you see as a
hero?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Reading Strategy
Clarifying Meaning Clarifying meaning
while you read is important because authors
often build ideas on one another. If you don’t
clear up a confusing passage, you may not
understand main ideas or information that
comes later.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Reading Strategy
Clarifying Meaning If you don’t understand
a particular passage, take the following
steps:
• Reread the section more slowly.
• Look up words you don’t know in a
dictionary.
• Ask questions about what you don’t
understand.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Viewing the Photograph
Look at the photograph on page 1021.
How does this photo illustrate both
public and private acts of heroism?
Answer: You may see the soldier fighting
a public war but also caring for the baby
in a very private and intimate way.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Reading Strategy
Interpreting Effective readers interpret what
they read based on their understanding of
the world. Ripley offers many categories of
“hero” in her essay, which was originally
published in 2003. Using what you know
about today’s society, what is useful about a
discussion of heroism?
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Reading Strategy
Answer: Given that the author wrote the
article after September 11, 2001, she
may be exploring the issue in the context
of that event. Or given that so many
people are considered heroes for fairly
nonheroic behavior, perhaps the author
is attempting to redefine the term.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
What makes
a Hero?
Viewing the Photograph
Look at the photograph on page 1022.
What current leaders do you see as
heroes and why?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Unit 5, Part 1
What makes
a Hero?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Respond
1. Did your ideas about what makes a
hero change after you read the article?
Explain.
Answer: You should explain your
opinions and ideas about heroism.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
2. (a) Why did Xavier Emmanuelli,
cofounder of Doctors Without Borders,
think that his colleague, Daniel
Pavard, was a hero? (b) How does
this challenge the traditional definition
of a hero?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
Answer: (a) Because he quietly helped a
dying bomb victim while no one was
around to observe him (b) Most people
identified as heroes are in the public eye.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
3. (a) According to Oxford University
philosopher Roger Crisp, how do
people in the United States define
heroes? (b) Do you agree with him?
Why or why not?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
Answer: (a) People in the United States
define heroes as “rugged individualists.”
(b) Some may say that traditional heroes
in the United States are political leaders,
soldiers, or entrepreneurs, while others
may see Crisp’s definition as a
generalization.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
4. (a) According to the writer, what are
two qualities that a hero must have?
(b) What do you think some other
qualities of a hero might be?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
Answer: (a) A hero must be both an
idealistic dreamer and a realist. (b)
Selflessness, emotional and physical
strength, and humanity
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
5. The article cites German playwright
Bertolt Brecht, who once said
“Unhappy the land that needs heroes.”
What do you think this means? Do
you agree? Explain.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
Answer: A land that “needs heroes” may
not be providing for its citizens— and is
therefore an unhappy place—or that
people seek out heroes regardless of
their country’s conditions.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
6. (a) How does the writer conclude the
article? (b) Do you think it is an effective
conclusion? Why or why not?
Answer: (a) With a quote from novelist
Jean-Christophe Rufin (b) The quote
provides sense of closure-that
circumstances make heroes. You; however,
may want a definitive statement.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
7. What do you think is the main idea of
the article? Support your ideas with
evidence from the article.
Answer: There are many kinds of
heroes and our definition of heroism
has changed over time.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
8. Compare and contrast the heroes of
Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte
d’Arthur and those described in this
TIME article.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
What makes
a Hero?
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
Answer: Sir Launcelot acted with honor
and virtue with women and his allies;
however, he was also a public figure and
a warrior. Most of the heroes in Ripley’s
article save lives rather than take them,
as Launcelot does.
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
SELECTION MENU
Selection Menu (pages 1024–1030)
Before You Read
Reading the Selection
After You Read
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Meet D.T. Niane and
the Storytellers
Click the picture to learn
about the author.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Connecting to the Legend
The Sundiata tells the story of a great
leader, his followers, and their larger-thanlife deeds. Before you read this passage,
ask yourself the questions on the next
slide.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Connecting to the Legend
• What helps you gain the extra
confidence and energy you need to
perform well in events such as a
crucial game or an exam?
• Why do people enjoy listening to
stories about heroes?
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Building Background
Sundiata came to power around 1235,
when he freed Mali from the control of a
neighboring kingdom. He built his capital
in Niani, which was located on a tributary
of the Niger River. Enriched by profits from
the gold trade, Niani became an important
commercial center.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Building Background
Sundiata continued to expand the empire
until his death in 1255. Under his successors,
the empire flourished. At a time when bandits
roamed through other areas, Mali was known
as a safe and orderly place. “Neither traveler
nor inhabitant in it has anything to fear from
robbers or men of violence,” wrote an early
Arab visitor.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Setting Purposes for Reading
Acts of Courage
As you read, notice how the characters
in the Sundiata display their courage.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Setting Purposes for Reading
Dialogue
Dialogue is the written conversation
between characters in a literary work.
Through dialogue, an author reveals the
feelings, thoughts, and intentions of
characters, develops conflicts, and
moves the plot forward.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Setting Purposes for Reading
Dialogue
As you read, analyze the dialogue in
this legend and consider how it reveals
characters and advances the plot.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Identifying Genre
Genre is a category or type of literary work
characterized by a particular form or style.
One important genre of folklore is legends,
or stories that are believed to be based on
historical events and an actual hero.
Legends help convey a culture’s learning,
knowledge, and values.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Identifying Genre
Reading Tip:
Making a Chart
Record details of
the Sundiata that
help you identify it
as a legend.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
scrupulous adj. thoroughly attentive to
even the smallest details; precise (p. 1027)
Ana’s knitting was scrupulous.
elude v. to avoid or escape, especially
through cleverness or quickness (p. 1027)
As one child gave chase, the other child
tried to elude her.
Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
confidante n. a person who is entrusted
with secrets or private affairs (p. 1028)
Only Eric’s confidante knew about his
secret plans.
perpetuate v. to cause to continue to
be remembered (p. 1028) Gossip can
perpetuate hurtful and untrue rumors.
Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Acts of Courage Keep these questions in
mind as you read: How does Sundiata react
to injustice? Is he a warrior or a
peacemaker?
Answer: Sundiata could be described as
both; he waged war to correct social
injustice, to defend those who could not
defend themselves, and to bring peace.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Reading Strategy
Identifying Genre Read the text highlighted
in blue on page 1027. Which items in this
summary indicate that the legend will include
exaggerated elements?
Answer: The soothsayer’s instructions,
Sundiata’s tearing a tree from the ground,
and the sorcerer’s ability to disappear
indicate that the legend will include
exaggeration.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Literary Element
Dialogue Read the text highlighted in
purple on page 1027. What does Nana
Triban wish to convey to her half-brother?
Answer: Her loyalty and the fact that the
Mali people are in trouble.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Acts of Courage Read the text
highlighted in tan on page 1028. What
risks does Nana Triban take while staying
with Soumaoro? What does the legend
imply about how one should act in times
of danger?
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Answer: Though Soumaoro is violent
and it could be dangerous to mislead him,
Nana Triban pretends that she is loyal to
Soumaoro and tries to get him to confide
in her. The legend implies that one should
be brave and resourceful in times of
danger.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Literary Element
Dialogue Read the text highlighted in purple
on page 1028. What do you think Balla
Fasséké means by this remark?
Answer: Balla Fasséké means that he, as
the storyteller, is the “word,” and Sundiata,
as the hero, is the “deed.” Sundiata’s destiny
will begin because he will now fulfill the
soothsayer’s prophecies of greatness.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Viewing the Art
Look at the image on page 1028. Do you
think the statue displays courageous
qualities? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, because the soldier stands
straight, tall, and stares straight ahead.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Literary Element
Dialogue Read the text highlighted in
purple on page 1029. Why does Balla
Fasséké ask this question?
Answer: He is trying to inspire Kamandjan
to do great things.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Reading Strategy
Identifying Genre Read the text highlighted
in blue on page 1029. What characteristic of
legends is found in this passage?
Answer: The fantastic elements of this
passage—as displayed when the mountain is
pierced through by a man—are characteristic
of legends.
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Respond
1. What do you think might happen next
in this story? Share your predictions
with your classmates.
Answer: Answers will vary.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
2. (a) What does Sundiata first plan to
do in order to defeat Soumaoro?
(b) Later, what does he do before
leaving Sibi? What do his methods
suggest about him as a leader?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
Answer: (a) Destroy his magical
powers (b) Consults with soothsayers,
showing that he respects the expertise
of others
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
3. (a) What astonishing deeds do Fran
Kamara and Kamandjan perform at the
urging of Balla Fasséké? (b) Why do
Balla Fasséké’s words cause the
warriors to react as they do?
Answer: (a) Rush into battle (b) To
guarantee their status as heroes
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
4. Why do you think Sundiata has such
a strong desire to be remembered by
future generations?
Answer: So he can be worshipped
and live forever
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
5. (a) What knowledge of human nature
does Balla Fasséké reveal through his
speeches? (b) Does our society today
have any methods comparable to Balla
Fasséké’s for making people famous?
Explain.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
Answer: (a) He knows that fame motivates
people. (b) Newspapers, magazines, and
television make people famous.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
6. At one point, the story says, “There
would not be any heroes if deeds were
condemned to man’s forgetfulness.”
How would you interpret this
statement?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
Answer: People do great things because
they hope for recognition, or heroes exist
mainly because we celebrate them.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Dialogue
In this legend, dialogue helps to advance
the plot and to develop the characters.
Dialogue brings characters to life by
showing what they are thinking and feeling
as they react to other characters.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Dialogue
1. (a) Why do you think Nana Triban
mentions that she “knew how to flatter
[Soumaoro] and make him jealous”?
(b) From her words, what impressions
do you have of Nana Triban? Explain.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Dialogue
Answer: (a) To show that she was
behaving in a way that would attract his
attention (b) She is crafty, resourceful,
brave, and loyal.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Dialogue
2. What does the king of Tabon mean
when he says, “Thus on the Niger
plain will the smiths of Tabon cleave
those of Sosso in twain”? Explain.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Dialogue
Answer: The king of Tabon is assuring
Sundiata Fran Kamara that Soumaoro
will be defeated.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Interdisciplinary Activity
The heroes of legends usually embody
the qualities their particular culture values.
Who are some heroes of recent times
about whom you could imagine a legend
developing?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Interdisciplinary Activity
In a small group, list heroes from the
recent past or the present day, including
political figures, athletes, or others who
exemplify skill, strength, or courage. For
each name on your list, write two or three
sentences explaining why audiences might
enjoy hearing stories about that person.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Identifying Genre
Legends are part of folklore’s oral
tradition—the stories and histories that
storytellers have retold for generations.
Usually, legends celebrate the heroic
qualities of a national or cultural hero.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Identifying Genre
1. Identify three exaggerated or fantastic
details in this legend. Which detail did you
consider most entertaining or inspiring?
Explain.
Answer: List details such as the events of
Sundiata’s childhood or the incredible feats
performed by the Mali sofas.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Identifying Genre
2. From this legend, what traits or
qualities would you say the Mandingo
people valued in a person?
Answer: Loyalty, bravery, and
resourcefulness
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Practice
Practice with Word Parts Use your
knowledge of word parts to answer the
questions on the following slides.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Practice
1. Which of the following words contains a
prefix that means “with”?
A. elude
B. captivity
C. confidante
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Practice
2. Which of the following words contains a
suffix often found in verbs?
A. inhabitant
B. glee
C. perpetuate
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
SELECTION MENU
Selection Menu (pages 1031–1034)
Before You Read
Reading the Selection
After You Read
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Building Background
The tale of Sundiata is based on the real person
Sundiata, a monarch who established the
Sudanese empire of Mali. According to oral
tradition, he had eleven brothers, who were heirs
to the kingdom of Kangaba in Mali. Sumanguru,
ruler of the adjacent land of Kaniaga, ravaged
Kanagaba, killing all of Sundiata’s brothers.
Sundiata, who was already ill and weak, was
spared.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Building Background
Will Eisner, an acclaimed graphic novel
artist most famous for the character the
Spirit, depicts the beginning of this tale in
this graphic novel version of “The Lion of
Mali.” Eisner grew up in the tenements of
New York City, where his first work was
published in his Bronx high school’s
newspaper.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Building Background
His budding career in comics art was interrupted by
service in the U.S. army during World War II; however,
the army did make good use of his talents—he created
illustrations for posters and comic strips to entertain the
troops while serving. Eisner went on to enjoy a sixtyyear career in comics, winning seven awards from the
National Cartoonist Society, including the prestigious
Reuben award in 1988. So influential was his art that
an award even has been created in his honor: the Will
Eisner Comic Industry Awards.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Set a Purpose for Reading
Read to discover similarities and
differences between the graphic-novel
and text versions of the tale of Sundiata.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Comparing and Contrasting
Versions of a Story
There are many different versions of the
tale of Sundiata. When you compare and
contrast versions, you identify similarities
and differences between them. This
graphic-novel excerpt and the prose
excerpt by Niane cover different portions
of Sundiata’s story, but there are still many
points of comparison between them.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Comparing and Contrasting
Versions of a Story
As you read, think about how plot, setting,
and characters are conveyed in each
excerpt. How is reading each format
similar and different? Take notes to help
you keep track of the similarities and
differences.
Unit 5, Part 1
BEFORE YOU READ
Comparing and Contrasting
Versions of a Story
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Acts of Courage Keep this question in mind
as you read: Which type of text—a graphic
novel or regular text—best presents the story
of Sundiata’s courage? Use examples from
both texts to support your opinion.
Answer: Answers will vary, but you should
be ready to defend your choices.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Reading Strategy
Comparing and Contrasting Versions
of a Story How is this portrayal of
Sundiata different from the text you read
earlier?
Answer: The graphic novel shows a
younger Sundiata, one who is playful and
innocent. The Sundiata in the excerpt you
read was a warrior and leader of an army.
Unit 5, Part 1
READING THE SELECTION
Reading Strategy
Comparing and Contrasting Versions
of a Story Do you prefer seeing the
battle, as on page 1033, or reading a
detailed description as you did earlier?
Which gives you a better sense of the
battle?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Respond
1. Does the graphic-novel version of the tale
of Sundiata enhance your understanding
of the text version? Why or why not?
Answer: Most will agree that it helps
illustrate the characters and action and
provides background to the story.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
2. (a) What are two examples of simile
in this graphic novel? (b) How does
Eisner illustrate the similes?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
Answer: (a) The phrases “like a cloud of
locusts” and “like the horns of the buffalo”
are similes. (b) The warriors swarm as if
they were locusts. The two groups of
warriors are positioned as if they were
horns of the buffalo.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Recall and Interpret
3. (a) How do the men of Mali plan to
outsmart Sumanguru’s army? (b) What
happens when they execute their plan?
Explain.
Answer: (a) Half of the army will hide
and surprise them. (b) They are able to
trap the enemy.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
4. Do you think Eisner’s illustrations tell
the tale of “The Lion of Mali” in an
effective way? Explain.
Answer: The illustrations clearly tell
the story; however, they do not provide
certain details or any background.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Analyze and Evaluate
5. What comment about Sumanguru’s
powers is Eisner making in the last
three panels of the selection?
Answer: He foreshadows that
Sumanguru’s omnipotence will
eventually lead to his downfall.
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
6. What characteristics of legends are
demonstrated in the graphic-novel
retelling of the tale of Sundiata?
Unit 5, Part 1
AFTER YOU READ
Responding and Thinking Critically
Connect
Acts of Courage
Answer: Exaggeration is used in the
graphic novel. The Mali warriors quickly
arm themselves and disperse to attack an
invading army. Sumanguru uses magical
powers.
Unit 5, Part 1
Unit 5, Part 1
BELLRINGER
Imagine tools of war, past and present
(shields, combat boots, or gas masks).
What do you think you would need
to be a warrior?
Unit 5, Part 1
BELLRINGER OPTION TRANSPARENCY
Click on the image to see a full version of the
Bellringer Option Transparency.
Unit 5, Part 1
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS
With whom did Sundiata consult in Sibi?
0%
0%
0%
0%
A. the king of Sosso
B. his father
C. soothsayers
D. his mother
Unit 5, Part 1
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS
What happened to Nana Triban after
Sundiata left Mali?
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0%
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0%
A. She was forced to become one of
Soumaoro’s wives.
B. She was driven out of Mali and lived
in exile.
C. She became one of the new leaders
of Mali.
D. She became a servant to Tabon
Wana.
Unit 5, Part 1
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS
Who was Sundiata’s singer, the person who
would carry on his memory by his words?
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0%
0%
0%
A. Balla Fasséké
B. Nana Triban
C. Sassouma Bérété
D. Tabon Wana
Unit 5, Part 1
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS
What did all the chiefs do as Balla Fasséké
mentioned their names?
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0%
A. They presented a gift to Sundiata.
B. They recited a story.
C. They pledged their loyalty to
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Sundiata.
D. They preformed great feats.
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Unit 5, Part 1
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Unit 5, Part 1
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