King Henry VIII Reformation Monarch

King Henry VIII

• He was born in 1491 • Second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.

• The reason why is he the most known king is because of the six wives he had.

• He created the Church of England (A.K.A. Anglican Church).

• He died in 1547

The First Wife

• Catherine of Aragon was King Henry’s first wife.

• They married in 1509 and divorced in 1533.

• This marriage produced one daughter, Mary.

The Second Wife

• In 1533, King Henry married (the already pregnant with his child) Anne Boleyn. • She gave birth to another daughter, Elizabeth.

• In May 1536, she was executed for infidelity (a bad thing in the king’s court).

The Third Wife

By the end of May 1536, King Henry married Jane Seymour.

She later died giving birth to Henry’s only son, Edward in October 1536.

King Henry and his fourth wife

• Anne of Cleves was a German princess who King Henry arranged to marry after seeing a beautiful portrait of her.

• When he did see her in person, • he found her ugly.

"I will not marry a cow!” (King Henry remark towards Anne).

• They never consummated the marriage… • (Funny enough, he died a fat man…much like a cow himself…)

The Fifth Wife

• This was a catch for King Henry…He married the adulterous Catherine Howard in July of 1540.

• She was later executed for infidelity in March 1542. (Mmm, maybe he shouldn’t have married an adulterous than…) A

The Last Wife…

I kept my head! • In 1543, Catherine Howard became King Henry’s last wife.

• She provided the needs for Henry and his kids until his death in 1547.

The King and his Church

• Acts of parliament between 1529 and 1536 marked the beginnings of The Church of England, or The Anglican Church, and this Church was independent of papal jurisdiction.

• Supremacy Act (1534) - The king is the supreme head of the Church of England. King Henry wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) and because the Pope would not annul the marriage, Henry made himself Head of the Church in England. • This Parliamentary Act from 1534 gave legal authorization to Henry's assumption of those clerical powers. He used ancient right of monarchs to exercise supremacy over the affairs of the Church. (Ancient doctrines say that Kings are representatives of God and derive their right to rule directly from God).

What else did he pass in 1534?

• The Act for the Submission of the Clergy (1534) - The clergy had to submit to the authority of the king and forbade the publication of church laws without royal permission.

What about the church?

• At this point of time, the Church was not under Protestant control, and it wasn’t until the reign of King Edward VI ( 1547 – 1553 ) (King Henry’s only son) that Protestant doctrine and practices were introduced.

• King Henry VIII induced parliament to enact a series of statutes denying the Pope any power or jurisdiction over the Church of England.

Did Henry change the Church

• During Henry's reign there were no radical alterations in English religion. The clergy remained unchanged and the Church's Mass continued to be in Latin, although Henry supported the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, in ordering the use of English for the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed and the Bible Readings.

Opposition to the Anglican Church:

• Thomas More - Humanist, resigned from chancellor ship because he would not take the oath required by the Act of Supremacy.

• • John Fisher - Bishop of Rochester, distinguished scholar, humanist, criticized the clergy for its cowardice. Both More and Fisher were beheaded

King Henry and Luther

• Similes: • Both started their own church.

• Both had problems with the Pope.

• Both churched ended up to become Protestant.

• Differences: • They had different religions.

• Thomas More and John Fisher agreed with some of Luther’s beliefs but did not like King Henry.

• Luther only had one wife.

• King Henry had six wives and be-headed two of them.