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Relative Value Units, Coding Overview and Data Quality Implications Lt Col Jeanne Yoder Program Manger, Uniform Business Office RHIA, CCS-P, CPC Aug/Sep 2005 Jeanne’s Moto • You give me bad data, I’ll make bad decisions Objectives • Have a Vague Idea of Data Collection and Measurement Tools • Had a Look-See of a CMS and MHS RVU table • Understand that the Incorrect Application of Tools will Drive Really Bad Decisions Glossary of Terms • Coding Systems – ICD – International Classification of Diseases – CPT – Current Procedural Terminology – HCPCS – Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System • Work Measurement Systems – RVU - Relative Value Units – RWP - Relative Weighted Products Glossary of Terms • Organizations – CMS – Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services – MHS – Military Health System • Initiative – IBWA – Industry Based Workload Alignment • Groupings – DRG – Diagnosis Related Group – APC – Ambulatory Payment Classification Glossary of Terms • RVU Cats and Dogs – Mod - Modifier – Non-Fac - Non-facility (not associated with a hospital, e.g., clinic down the street) – PE – Practice Expense – MP – Malpractice • Other Cats and Dogs – BOHICA – SWAG – WAGNER Data Collection Tools • ICD-9-CM • HCPCS – CPT (Level 1 HCPCS) • E&M • Other Procedures • Anesthesia – uses base units, not RVUs – HCPCS (Level 2 HCPCS) • Non-provider services • Supplies/equipment ICD-9-CM • Diagnoses • Factors Influencing Health • External Causes of Injury – STANAG – Standard NATO Injury (not ICD, but an injury classification system currently used for inpatient) • Inpatient Institutional Non-Professional Procedure Component • Diagnosis Related Groups – Dx + procedure Professional vs Institutional • Professional – Work – work done by a privileged provider – Practice Expense - work done by a privileged provider’s “practice” • Nurses, technicians, office space • Institutional – Services provided by entity other than the provider’s “practice” – Inpatient (hospital), ER, observation, APV, lab, radiology CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) • Evaluation and Management – when a provider obtains data, makes and assessment and develops a treatment plan without doing a “procedure”; an office visit or round • Procedures – Anesthesia – Surgical – Medical CPT • Laboratory and Radiology – Not included in SADR feed to the Clinical Data Repository (CDR) of which the MHS Mart (M2) is a subset – Working on a feed, called the A-SADR, meaning “Ancillary SADR” • Ancillary only meaning lab and rad, not physical therapy and occupational therapy (those are B MEPRS and go up in the SADR) CPT • Category II – used to track HEDIS things – xxxxF – 0500F – initial prenatal care (to see if done in first trimester) • Category III – emerging technology – xxxxT – 0017T – destruction of macular drusen, photocoagulation HCPCS • • • • • • • • A=ambulance (and some cats and dogs) C=pass-through, can bill in addition to APC D=dental E= durable equipment (e.g., crutches) G=screenings, trimming toe nails L=prosthetics Q=all kinds of neat stuff S=lots of training , LASIK, PRK, physical exams for college… • V=vision and hearing Measurement Tools • • • • Money Hours/Full time equivalents RVUs RWPs MEPRS • Money should be reflected in MEPRS • Full time equivalents should be reflected MEPRS Relative Value Units are: • A way to compare resources used to produce a product • Examples of products are: – Office visits – Excision of a lesion – Delivering a baby Birth of an RVU • RVUs are Professional and Practice Expenses associated with a Professional Service • Provider-patient interaction (usually) • Documented • Coded with a – Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) • Evaluation and Management (E&M) • Surgical Procedure • Other Procedure – Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System (HCPCS) • Not all, many are durable equipment or supplies • Look up the code in the RVU table 2004 UBU-UBO Conference Example • Patient seen in ER after getting in a fight with a Thanksgiving Turkey • ER doctor documents ER visit to include 4 stitches in palm of left hand and tetanus shot • Coded with 99282-25, 12002-LT, 90703, 90471 • Then in yellow is same encounter in the doctor’s office Example – RVU (Professional) FULLY FULLY implemented HCPCS DESCRIPTION FULLY FULLY implemented implemented NON-FAC* implemented FACILITY ** WORK NON-FAC NA facility NA MP non-facility facility RVU indicator PE RVU indicator RVU TOTAL TOTAL PE RVU 99282 Emergency dept visit 12002 Repair superficial wound(s) 90703 Tetanus vaccine, im 90471 Immunization admin SUM OF PROFESSIONAL AT ER 0.55 1.86 0.00 0.17 2.58 0.14 NA 2.04 0.00 0.31 0.14 0.90 0.00 0.31 NA 1.35 0.04 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.23 0.73 4.08 0.00 0.49 0.73 2.94 0.00 0.49 4.16 99213 Office/outpatient visit, est SUM OF PROFESSIONAL AT OFFICE 0.67 2.70 0.69 3.04 0.24 0.03 0.22 1.39 5.96 0.94 *would not do in a doctor's office **would only do in a doctor's office, if done elsewhwere, part of the institutional Done in doctors office = $37.89 x 5.96 = $225.82 Done in ER, professional bill is = $37.89 x 4.16 = $157.62 Relative Value Units Are Only Part of What Is Done By Providers In Our MTFs • Lots of what is done is not “codable” – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Hall way consults Effectiveness reports/civilian appraisals Extra time spent consoling a bereaved patient Shoveling snow/picking up debris after hurricanes/tornados Discussing an AD mental health with his/her Commander Participating on MEBs Reviewing and returning consults for more info Reviewing charts only to have the patient no show Waivers/PHA/pre- and post deployment briefs Quality assurance (over reading EKGs) Preparing and giving talks at grand rounds Medical inprocessing Overseas clearances ADAPT Relative Value Units Are Only Part of What Is Done • Lots of what is done may be “codable” but that doesn’t mean there are RVUs – E-mail – Signing forms for insurance/handicapped parking – Prenatal/diabetic/cardiac rehab/tobacco cessation teaching – Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) – SARC – Tattoo removal using laser Relative Value Units Are Not Just in the B MEPRS • • • • Inpatient surgeries/rounds Inpatient care “downtown” Treadmills Telemedicine (particularly store and forward) • Work you do manning assist (it is in someone else’s B MEPRS) – but you get the other guy’s work in yours Relative Value Units Are Only Part of What Is Done • Some may have RVUs in one RVU system, but not in another – Telephone consults (MHS has) – Obstetrical codes (CMS has all in 594xx, MHS has some; CMS doesn’t for 0500F/0501F/0502F/0503F, MHS has RVUs) – Psychological testing (not in CMS, but in MHS) Relative Value Units • Multiple RVU systems – MHS • • • • Work RVUs, EAS IV RVUs Simple, Adjusted PPS Work RVU, PPS Facility RVU Individual Work RVU, Organizational Work RVU – CMS • Work RVUs • Practice Expense RVUs • Malpractice RVUs – Ingenix RVUs depend on where you look • Worldwide Workload Report (WWR) and Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System (MEPRS) • Only “count” visits • Common “non-counts” in B (outpatient clinic) MEPRS are: – Nurse/tech encounters – Some telemedicine – Reading EKGs • RVUs in non-B MEPRS – A-MEPRS – inpatient surgeries, rounds – C-Dental – D-Lab and radiology professional components, anesthesia base units, EKGs – F-Immunizations; Hearing Conservation; civilian hospital and VA hospital rounds, surgeries, procedures RVUs depend on where you look • Standard Ambulatory Data Record (SADR) – Feed from the Ambulatory Data Record (created in the Ambulatory Data Module of CHCS and a feed from CHCSII goes to the ADM in CHCS to create the various feeds, such as the SADR and the Third Party Outpatient Collection System) – Does not include • Quantities (two breaks in the same bone, multiples of time sensitive codes such as psychologic testing…) • Modifiers (bilateral, postoperative care only…) RVUs depend on where you look • ALL MHS professional services are collected in the ADM, and found on your server – A subset forms the SADR, which is what HQ uses – A subset forms the TPOCS feed, which is what billing uses – BUT, how do you use this to compare to other MTFs? RVUs are NOT part of the RWP • RVUs are NOT a reflection of inpatient nursing/technician/facility costs – Those are Relative Weighted Products (RWP) – Each Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) has an RWP • Professional services (i.e., doctors’ rounds and procedures for inpatients) are not part of an RWP DRG RWPs DRG TITLE DRGV22 1 2 3 370 371 372 373 374 375 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 CRANIOTOMY AGE >17 W CC CRANIOTOMY AGE >17 W/O CC CRANIOTOMY AGE 0-17 CESAREAN SECTION W CC CESAREAN SECTION W/O CC VAGINAL DELIVERY W COMPLICATING DIAGNOSES VAGINAL DELIVERY W/O COMPLICATING DIAGNOSES VAGINAL DELIVERY W STERILIZATION &/OR D&C VAGINAL DELIVERY W O.R. PROC EXCEPT STERIL &/OR D&C EXTEN. BURNS OR FULL THICKNESS BURN W/MV 96+HRS W/SKIN GFT EXTEN. BURNS OR FULL THICKNESS BURN W/MV 96+HRS W/O SKIN GFT FULL THICKNESS BURN W SKIN GRAFT OR INHAL INJ W CC OR SIG TRAUMA FULL THICKNESS BURN W SKIN GRFT OR INHAL INJ W/O CC OR SIG TRAUMA FULL THICKNESS BURN W/O SKIN GRFT OR INHAL INJ W CC OR SIG TRAUMA FULL THICKNESS BURN W/O SKIN GRFT OR INH INJ W/O CC OR SIG TRAUMA NON-EXTENSIVE BURNS W CC OR SIGNIFICANT TRAUMA NON-EXTENSIVE BURNS W/O CC OR SIGNIFICANT TRAUMA SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS/KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PANCREAS TRANSPLANT RELATIVE WEIGHTS 3.3344 1.9467 1.9767 0.8981 0.6221 0.5460 0.3601 0.6642 0.5810 13.0063 1.8727 4.0604 1.8618 1.3358 0.6859 1.2739 0.7058 6.0202 6.3212 RVUs are NOT part of the RWP • Billing. In the MHS, we take the DRG price, add 4% (based on MEPRS portion of A-MEPRS collected from privileged providers) and bill the professional component with the institutional DRG – Because, most MTFs aren’t even close in coding professional inpatient services so we would not know what to bill • BOTTOM LINE: Have folks record MEPRS properly!!! MHS Unique RVUs • From the RVU table, for all global procedures having a 10 or 90 day post operative period, multiply the intraoperative portion by the “work” RVU – this is called “Global Surgical Adjusted” • Provider Specialty Code 000-904, does not include Provider Specialty Codes for “clinics” • Multiple physicians = both receive credit for PPS work and Organizational • Count/non-count not a consideration MHS Unique RVUs • Use Ingenix table adjusted for MHS • Health Care Summary Record RVU weight table in the MDR • Uses all MEPRS MHS Unique RVUs - Simple • Sum of “global surgical adjusted” Physician work RVUs without discounting. 100% of sum of all the weights. • 1st E&M (notice, not 2nd, or 3rd as not in feed) • 1, 2, 3, 4 Procedure (notice, not modifiers or quantities or 5th, 6th… as not in feed) MHS Unique RVUs - Adjusted • Not using “global surgical adjusted” – using the full CPT RVU for a procedure with a 10 or 90 day post operative period • 100% of the highest weighted item, 50% of each additional procedure MHS Unique RVUs – PPS/Individual/Organizational • E&M not included if there is a procedure unless: – Procedures are on list of approximately 150 minor procedures for which CMS allows credit in conjunction with the E&M – Procedure codes with E&M are ALL HCPCS level II or begin with “9” MHS Unique RVUs – PPS Work RVU • Use “global surgical adjusted” Physician work RVU without discounting • 100% of all weights, summed • Sum x # of physicians on the record (based on provider specialty code) – Can’t use M2 as only primary provider on record – Must pull from MDR • Used by MHS to allocate funding for ambulatory care MHS Unique RVUs – PPS Facility RVU • Use “global surgical adjusted” Non-facility practice expense RVU without discounting • 100% of all weights, summed • Used by MHS to allocate funding for facility burden of care MHS Unique RVUs – Individual Work RVU • Use “global surgical adjusted” Physician Work RVU with discounting • 100% of highest weighted RVU and 50% of remaining RVUs, summed • Tallies production for a single provider MHS Unique RVUs – Organizational Work RVU • Use “global surgical adjusted” Physician work RVU with discounting • 100% of highest weight RVU and 50% of remaining RVUs, summed • Multiply by number of physicians based on provider specialty code – Must use MDR as SADR only has the primary provider • Tallies production workload for a clinic or higher Examples HCPCS 99201 99202 99203 99204 99205 MO Work EAS IV D RVUS RVUS 00 0.45 0.95 00 0.88 1.67 00 1.34 2.47 00 2.00 3.51 00 2.67 4.47 30 CHARACTER DESC OFFICE/OUTPATIENT VISIT, NEW OFFICE/OUTPATIENT VISIT, NEW OFFICE/OUTPATIENT VISIT, NEW OFFICE/OUTPATIENT VISIT, NEW OFFICE/OUTPATIENT VISIT, NEW FULLY HCPCS MOD DESCRIPTION 99201 99202 99203 99204 99205 Office/outpatient visit, new Office/outpatient visit, new Office/outpatient visit, new Office/outpatient visit, new Office/outpatient visit, new FULLY FULLY FULLY IMPLEMENTEDIMPLEMENTED IMPLEMENTEDIMPLEMENTED WORK NON-FAC FACILITY MP NON-FACILITYFACILITY RVU PE RVU PE RVU RVU TOTAL 0.45 0.88 1.34 2.00 2.67 0.50 0.79 1.13 1.51 1.80 0.16 0.32 0.48 0.71 0.95 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.14 TOTAL 0.97 1.73 2.57 3.63 4.61 0.63 1.26 1.92 2.83 3.76 Which RVU to Use • TMA Prospective Payment System – MHS RVUs – Compensated for lack of modifiers, quantities, multiple providers • AF BDQAS – CMS, fully implemented non-facility total • Compare to Civilian Sector – CMS or Ingenix Relative Value Units - CMS • http://www.cms.hhs.gov/providers/pufdownload/rv udown.asp • Download the CY 2005 in .ZIP (requires UNZip software) • RVU05A_R.zip 1.6MB zip file -- Requires UNZIP software -- 2005 revision file -- The revision includes the changes identified in the forthcoming CR3595. • These are not the MHS RVUs • Send me an e-mail and I’ll send you the 4MB file of MHS RVUs 2004 UBU-UBO Conference CMS RVU Table 1. Work – physician/privileged provider time 2. Non-facility Practice Expense – building, equipment, nurses, techs 3. Facility Practice Expense – nurses, techs 4. Malpractice – malpractice 5. Non-facility Total – Work + Non-Fac PE + Malpractice 6. Facility Total – Work + Fac PE + Malpractice • Fac Tot = “25 RVU/day” • Non-Fac Tot = used for billing 2004 UBU-UBO Conference 2004 National Physician Fee Schedule Relative Value File CPT codes and descriptions only are copyright 2003 AMA. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Apply. Dental codes (D Dental codes) codes are copyright (D codes)2002 are copyright ADA. All 2002 Rights ADA. Reserved. All Rights Reserved. NOT USED FULLY FOR REVISED 5/07/2004 HCPCS MOD DESCRIPTION 93510 Left heart catheterization 93510 TC Left heart catheterization 93510 26 Left heart catheterization 99173 Visual acuity screen 99175 Induction of vomiting 99183 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 99185 Regional hypothermia 99186 Total body hypothermia 99190 Special pump services 99191 Special pump services 99192 Special pump services 99195 Phlebotomy 99199 Special service/proc/report 99201 Office/outpatient visit, new 99202 Office/outpatient visit, new 99203 Office/outpatient visit, new 99204 Office/outpatient visit, new FULLY IMPLEMENTEDNON-FAC FULLY IMPLEMENTEDFACILITY IMPLEMENTEDIMPLEMENTED STATUS MEDICARE WORK NON-FAC NA FACILITY NA CODE RVU INDICATOR PE RVU INDICATOR RVU A A A N A A A A X X X A C A A A A PAYMENT 4.32 0.00 4.32 0.00 0.00 2.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.88 1.34 2.00 PE RVU 39.26 37.08 2.18 0.00 1.40 4.75 0.64 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.50 0.79 1.13 1.51 39.26 NA 37.08 NA 2.18 0.00 1.40 NA 0.72 0.64 NA 1.79 NA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 NA 0.00 0.16 0.32 0.48 0.71 FULLY MP 2.57 2.30 0.27 0.00 0.10 0.14 0.04 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.12 NON-FACILITYFACILITY TOTAL 46.15 39.38 6.77 0.00 1.50 7.23 0.68 2.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.97 1.73 2.57 3.63 TOTAL 46.15 39.38 6.77 0.00 1.50 3.20 0.68 2.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.63 1.26 1.92 2.83 NOT USED FULLY FOR Impl NON-FAC FULLY Impl FACILITY FULLY FULLY Imp Imp REVISED 2/09/2004 STATUS MEDICARE WORK NON-FAC NA FACILITY NA MP NON-FAC FACILITY HCPCS CODE RVU PE RVU INDICATOR PE RVU INDICATOR RVU TOTAL TOTAL 99281 99282 99283 99284 99285 99288 99289 99290 99291 99292 99293 99294 99295 MOD DESCRIPTION Emergency dept visit Emergency dept visit Emergency dept visit Emergency dept visit Emergency dept visit Direct advanced life support Ped crit care transport Ped crit care transport addl Critical care, first hour Critical care, add’l 30 min Ped critical care, initial Ped critical care, subseq Neonate crit care, initial A A A A A B A A A A A A A PAYMENT 0.33 0.55 1.24 1.95 3.06 0.00 4.79 2.40 3.99 2.00 15.98 7.99 18.46 0.09 0.15 0.31 0.47 0.72 0.00 1.91 0.83 2.34 0.81 4.96 2.49 5.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.09 0.15 0.31 0.47 0.72 0.00 1.91 0.83 1.28 0.64 4.96 2.49 5.39 0.02 0.04 0.10 0.14 0.23 0.00 0.17 0.08 0.17 0.08 0.84 0.28 0.84 0.44 0.74 1.65 2.56 4.01 0.00 6.87 3.31 6.50 2.89 21.78 10.76 24.69 0.44 0.74 1.65 2.56 4.01 0.00 6.87 3.31 5.44 2.72 21.78 10.76 24.69 2004 UBU-UBO Conference But Wait, There is MORE in CMS FULLY Imp REVISED 2/09/2004 STATUS FACILITY PCTC GLOB PRE INTRA POST MULT BILAT ASST HCPCS CODE IND DAYS OP OP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 090 090 090 090 090 090 090 090 32445 32480 32482 32484 32486 32488 32491 32500 MOD DESCRIPTION Removal of lung Partial removal of lung Bilobectomy Segmentectomy Sleeve lobectomy Completion pneumonectomy Lung volume reduction Partial removal of lung A A A A A A R A TOTAL 42.93 38.53 40.76 35.16 40.80 43.35 37.11 36.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 CO- TEAM ENDO CONV OP PROC SURG SURG SURG SURG BASE FACTOR 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 37.3374 Global RVUs Provides time frames that apply to each surgical procedure. 000=Endoscopic or minor procedure with related preoperative and postoperative relative values on the day of the procedure only included in the fee schedule payment amount; evaluation and management services on the day of the procedure generally not payable. 010=Minor procedure with preoperative relative values on the day of the procedure and postoperative relative values during a 10 day postoperative period included in the fee schedule amount; evaluation and management services on the day of the procedure and during the 10-day postoperative period generally not payable. 090=Major surgery with a 1-day preoperative period and 90-day postoperative period included in the fee schedule amount. MMM=Maternity XXX=The codes; usual global period does not apply. global concept does not apply to the code. YYY=The carrier is to determine whether the global concept applies and establishes postoperative period, if appropriate, at time of pricing. ZZZ=The code is related to another service and is always included in the global period of the other service. Procedures – Discountable Surgical Procedures Multiple procedure column of RVU table 0=No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply. 1=If procedure is reported on the same day as another procedure that has an indicator of 1, 2, or 3, rank the procedures by fee schedule amount and apply the appropriate reduction to this code (100%, 50%, 25%, 25%, 25%, and by report). 2=If procedure is reported on the same day as another procedure with an indicator of 1, 2, or 3, rank the procedures by fee schedule amount and apply the appropriate reduction to this code (100%, 50%, 50%, 50%, 50% and by report). 3=Special rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply if procedure is billed with another endoscopy in the same family 9=Concept does not apply. Multiple procedures - Code the most expensive first, then code others. -51 modifier for multiple procedures 45378 Diagnostic colonoscopy A 45378 53 Diagnostic colonoscopy A 45379 Colonoscopy w/fb removal A 45380 Colonoscopy and biopsy A 45381 Colonoscopy, submucous inj A 45382 Colonoscopy/control bleedingA 45383 Lesion removal colonoscopy A 45384 Lesion remove colonoscopy A 45385 Lesion removal colonoscopy A 3.69 0.96 4.68 4.43 4.19 5.68 5.86 4.69 5.30 6.04 2.20 7.56 7.07 8.14 9.72 7.85 6.69 7.69 1.58 0.52 1.86 1.78 1.69 2.23 2.27 1.87 2.08 Collect Work and Hours in the Same MEPRS • Public Health technician does STD education – this is NOT Flight Medicine (BJAA) • Audiologist reviews OSHA baseline screening for civilian working in a shop on base – this is not Audiology, it is Hearing Conservation So What is Up with Anesthesiology? • UBU voted to have anesthesiology record hours and expensed in DFAA – But to collect the coding on the same SADR as the surgeon, in the surgeon’s MEPRS – What does this do? • Creates a mess for billing • Doubles the RVUs the surgical clinic receives from that SADR, even though it is anesthesia doing the work • Links the anesthesia services to the surgical services Objectives • Have a Vague Idea of Data Collection and Measurement Tools • Had a Look-See of a CMS and MHS RVU table • Understand that the Incorrect Application of Tools will Drive Really Bad Decisions Quiz • Guess you noticed this does not match the slide on the screen – ha ha • Please fill out comment forms – if you don’t, I assume you were a happy camper and I should not change this if requested to do something similar next year Registrations/Certifications • Runs the Department/Office • RHIA – Registered Health Information Administrator (AHIMA), like a coach on a football team • RHIT – Registered Health Information Technician (AHIMA), like a special teams coach on a football team • Coders • CCS- Certified Coding Specialist – really knows inpatient institutional coding, like a place kicker on a football team (AHIMA) • CCS-P – Certified Coding Specialist-Professional Services – really knows professional services coding (doctor’s office coding) (AHIMA) • CPC – Certified Professional Coder, really knows professional services coding (doctor’s office coding)(AAPC) • CPC-H – Certified Professional Coder – Hospital based, really knows inpatient professional services coding (AAPC)