Transcript Document

LESSON 10
IT Project
&
Program Management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Business and project management skills are
becoming important for IT professionals to
master.
There are Web sites that allow you to learn
about current technology and Internet trends
The Netcraft site is a web site that performs
market research and analyzes current trends
in Internet business.
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
THE PRACTICE OF
APPLYING
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS
AND PROCESSES TO
ACTIVITIES IN ORDER
TO MEET DEADLINES
AND ACHIEVE
DESIRED RESULTS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Defining Project Management Terms
 Project is a sequence of tasks that must be accomplished
within a defined time frame to achieve a desired result.
 Projects are different than ongoing work operations because
they are temporary and unique.
 Task is a unit of work that must be accomplished during
the course of a project.
 Resource is a person, department or device needed to
accomplish a task.
 Assignment is appointment of a specific resource to a
specific task.
 Plan is the term that describes the appointment of a
specific resource to a specific task.
 Project Scope is the goals and tasks
of a project and the work required to
complete them.
 Small increments in a project scope
are called a Scope Creep. This can
undermine the success of a project
by Incremental changes in scope that
can affect the schedule, cost or
performance required to complete
the project.
 In order to manage scope creep,
you can use scheduled meetings to
review and discuss proposed
changes to the project scope.
 Change management is the term for
the process, tools and techniques
that help people implement
changes to achieve outcome.
STAKEHOLDER IS A
PERSON OR GROUP
WITH THE POWER TO
EXERT INFLUENCE
OVER A PROJECT IS
THE STAKEHOLDER.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
 Communication skills are important to gather information
from customers at the beginning of the project, and keep
project participants informed of the project’s status.
 Organizational skills helps project participants coordinate and
prioritize their tasks to stay within the project scope.
 One of a project manager’s skills is teaching ef fectively,
which can be considered primarily a type of leadership skill.
 Planning skills is the ability to identify the tasks that
constitute a project, understand the ways in which tasks are
dependent upon one another, and know the ways that project
dependencies will af fect the project as a whole.
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
 The project life cycle of a project consists of the initiating,
planning, executing, controlling and closing phases of the
project.
 Initiating Phase sets the foundation for the project.
 Includes SWOT which is a strategic planning method that can
be used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats in relation to an organization. This
will prepare to define the ways that project success will be
measured.
 The needs analysis helps in a project to identify the
problems or requirements that the project must resolve or
address.
CONT. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
 Planning phase=develops a project schedule and assembles
the project team.
 The project schedule is a document that lists the planned
dates for performing tasks and meeting goals defined in a
project plan.
 In order to manage an effective project schedule you must
know the tasks necessary to achieve project objectives, the
approximate length of time each task will take the order in
which tasks should be performed and the employees who
will perform them.
 Project milestone is a major event during the course of a
project.
 The best way to help project team members improve their
performances or resolve similar issues in future projects are
to document the lessons learned during the current project.
 An issue log should be kept by a project manager to
document problems that need to be escalated to managers
or executives outside the project team for resolution .
CONT. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
 The executing and controlling phases typically occur
simultaneously.
 Executing is when work is performed
 During the controlling phase you can troubleshoot problems
and take corrective measures to ensure that all objectives
are being met.
 Closing phase = determines the aspects of the project that
worked well and the changes that should be implemented in
the future.
CONT. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
 You should schedule meetings with project stakeholders and
management during the executing and controlling phases of a
project to inform them of progress and to handle issues they
raise that may af fect project scope.
 Product testing and performance evaluations occur.
 The formal project review consists of testing the product,
evaluating performances and documenting lessons learned .
PROJECT TRIANGLE
 The project triangle includes three factors: time, money and
scope that af fect every project.
 The fourth element – quality – is at the center of the triangle
and is af fected by any changes you make to the three “project
triangle” factors in an ef fort to optimize a project’s schedule.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
 You can use project
management
software to
automatically
calculate the length
of time required to
complete project
tasks, as well as the
availability of
resources, as you
establish
relationships among
the tasks.
 Gantt charts
graphically display
the project tasks and
task durations.
BROWSERS IN THE BUSINESS WORLD
 Intranet
 A Web site and network used only by employees within a company.
They are popular because they provide a standard method for
accessing resources, regardless of the operating systems used.
 Extranet
 Internal network designed to provide access to selected external
users, and is not available to the Internet public.
 The dif ference of the two is that they exclude the general
internet public. They are subsets of the Internet.
WEBINARS & WEB CONFERENCES
 Webinar is training conducted via a PowerPoint presentation
over the Web.
 A drawback is that they may require multiple presentations if
participants are located in different time zones.
 Webcast is the term for an audio and/or video Web event that
is distributed over the Internet
QUALIT Y ASSURANCE:
 Project managers should not only be concerned with the
components of the project triangle, but also with quality
 Six Sigma is a methodology that was originally developed to
improve manufacturing processes in order to eliminate product
defects
 ISO 9000 standards details the steps recommended to product
high-quality products and services using a quality -management
system that maximizes time, money and resources.
 The separation of duties help to ensure the quality of a
product by providing independent verification that project
tasks were completed correctly
 You can improve the quality of a product by providing
independent verification that project tasks were completed
correctly and adhering to ISO 9000 standards.
ROI
 Return on Investment (ROI) describes profit earned as a result
of a project relative to the value of the resources required to
complete the project.
 As an IT project manager, you must be able to determine
which projects to preserve and which projects to eliminate in
order to maintain a positive ROI.
IT PROJECTS
 IT projects are dif ferent from other projects because they
deal with a business’s data and may involve several
dif ferent systems.
 Employee productivity may be adversely af fected due to
excessive system downtime when IT projects are
mismanaged.
 When IT projects are managed properly employee
productivity loss is minimized.
CONT. IT PROJECTS
 An IT right is receiving clear, detailed objectives and
instructions so that you can provide the appropriate services
and products. Also you must have the appropriate access to
hardware and software, and getting the security access
required to perform tasks.
 An IT responsibility provides services and products in a timely,
cost-ef fective, secure manner. Minimizing workflow
interruptions during the course of an IT project can be
considered an IT responsibility.
 If there is conflicts of interest that develops among various
departments represented in your project to the point where
the investment required to implement necessary project plan
modifications is not justified than you have to terminate the
project.
IT RIGHT & IT RESPONSIBILIT Y
 It Right
 Receiving clear, detailed objectives and instructions so that
you can provide the appropriate services and products.
 Having the appropriate access to hardware and software, and
getting the security access required to perform tasks .
 IT Responsibility
 Providing services and products in a timely, cost-effective, & secure
manner.
 Minimizing workflow interruptions during the course of an IT project
can be considered an IT responsibility.
MANAGEMENT
INSTITUTE (PMI)
IS A NONPROFIT
MEMBERSHIP
ORGANIZATION THAT
PUBLISHES
STANDARDS AND
OFFERS EDUCATION
IN THE PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Program Management is the process of managing multiple
interdependent projects in order to improve an organization’s
performance.
 Project management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a set of
principles and techniques to help you manage projects.
 One of the three Project Management Concepts
 Benefits management= includes maximizing revenue, maximizing
efficiency, minimizing cost and eliminating waste.