MCQ - North West Urology
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Transcript MCQ - North West Urology
MCQ
1) For intravesicle therapy:
A) Mitomycin C instillation dose is 40mg for 2 hour
B) Oncotice BCG instillation dose is 81mg for 2hours
C) ImmuCyst BCG instillation dose is 12.5mg for 1 hours
D) ImmuCyst BCG instillation dose is 81mg for 2hours
E) Oncotice BCG instillation dose is 12.5mg for 1 hour
2) BCG treatment:
A) Lamm’s protocol use 28 doses BCG over a period of 3 years
B) SWOG trial protocol uses maintenance BCG for 1 year only
C) BCG maintenance drop out rate is as high as 84% according to SWOG trial
D) There is good evidence to suggest that Immuncyst BCG is more effective
than Oncotice BCG
E )In superficial bladder cancer BCG reduces progression but not recurrence,
whereas mitomycin C reduces recurrence but not progression
3) BCG toxicity :
A) EORTC and CUETO suggest reduced dose BCG reduces the incidence of severe
systemic toxicity compared to standard dose BCG
B) BCG can be administered in patients with macroscopic haematuria
C) Patient with microscopic haematuria is a contraindication for BCG instillation
D) Presence of leukocyte or asymptomatic bacteriuria is not a contraindication for BCG
application
E) Patient with symptomatic UTI can have BCG provided prophylactic antibiotic is
given
4) Long term (e.g. 15 years) outcome after BCG for patient
with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Which
of the following is the best answer?
A) ~50% progression rate
B) ~27% alive with intact bladder
C) 1/3 die of cancer progression
D) 1/3 develop recurrence in upper tract / prostate
E) All of the above
1) For intravesicle therapy:
A) Mitomycin C instillation dose is 40mg for 2 hour -F
B) Oncotice BCG instillation dose is 81mg for 2hours -F
C) ImmuCyst BCG instillation dose is 12.5mg for 1 hours-F
D) ImmuCyst BCG instillation dose is 81mg for 2hours-T
E) Oncotice BCG instillation dose is 12.5mg for 1 hour-F
2) BCG treatment:
A) Lamm’s protocol use 28 doses BCG over a period of 3 years-F (27 doses over 3 yrs)
B) SWOG trial protocol uses maintenance BCG for 1 year only-F (used Lamm’s)
C) BCG maintenance drop out rate is as high as 84% according to SWOG trial-T
D) There is good evidence to suggest that Immuncyst BCG is more effective-F than
Oncotice BCG
E )In superficial bladder cancer BCG reduces progression but not recurrence, whereas
mitomycin C reduces recurrence but not progression -F
3) BCG toxicity :
A) EORTC and CUETO suggest reduced dose BCG reduces the incidence of severe systemic toxicity
compared to standard dose BCG –F (CUETO- fewer patients have toxicity but incident of severe
systemic toxicity was similar. EORTC- no difference in toxicity)
B) BCG can be administered in patients with macroscopic haematuria -F
C) Patient with microscopic haematuria is a contraindication for BCG-F instillation
D) Presence of leukocyte or asymptomatic bacteriuria is not a contraindication for BCG application T
E) Patient with symptomatic UTI can have BCG provided prophylactic antibiotic is given -F
4) Long term (e.g. 15 years) outcome after BCG for patient
with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Which
of the following is the best answer?
A) ~50% progression rate
B) ~27% alive with intact bladder
C) 1/3 die of cancer progression
D) 1/3 develop recurrence in upper tract / prostate
E) All of the above –Best answer (MSKCC –cookson J urol
1997)
Viva Question-EAU guideline
2013 – intravesical therapy
Viva Question-EAU guideline 2013
Low risk:
Single dose, immediate post op intravesicle instillation of
chemotherapy, no difference between agents (standard
treatment)
Absolute recurrence reduction 11.7% (RR 39%) Sylvester 2004 Metaanalysis
To maximised efficacy immediate instillation is recommended
– all single instillation studies administered within 24 hrs
Finnbladder group (Kassinen 2002)- suggested by delaying
instillation overnight the risk of recurrence is increased by
two fold
Mitomycin
MITOMYCIN
Mechanism of acion - Antitumour antibiotic – DNA
alkylating agent, causes cross links to complementary DNA
strands – inhibits DNA synthesis
Dose - 40mg in 40ml sterile water
Side effects – skin rash, storage LUTS, bladder
calcifications, myelosupression
Evidence – meta-analysis of 7 RCTs, 1476 pts, 36.7% of pts
with one post op dose MMC had recurrence compared to
48.4% treated with TURBT alone (decrease of 39% in odds
of recurrence) (Sylvester J Urol 2004).
Contraindications
Bladder perforation
Bleeding requires irrigation
Previous allergy
Intermediate Risk
One immediate installation of chemotherapy
Further intravesicle therapy
BCG or chemotherapy (Optimum schedule not defined)
For no more than 1 year
Choice between BCG and mitomycin C for 1 year
Mitomycin – only prevent recurrence not progression
BCG- more efficacious than Mitomycin for recurrence,
reduce progression BUT more toxic
High risk
BCG reduce recurrence and superior to MMC
(meta-analysis Shelley BJUI 2004; Bohle J Urol 2003)
BCG reduce progression
(meta-analysis Sylvester J urol 2002- 4% absolute risk reduction for
progression; 27% RR reduction)
BCG maintenance is required to achieve effect
(Bohle urology 2004, J urol 2003 at least 1 year of maintenance BCG
is required to obtain superiority of BCG over MMC for prevention of
recurrence or progression)
Methods to improve efficacy of
intravesicle chemo
Microwave-induced hyperthermia
Electromotive drug administration (EMDA)
Considered as experimental treatment, as studies are
small and evidence is limited
What type/ dose of BCG do you
use, what advice do you give and
how do you treat complications
What type/ dose of BCG do you use,
what advice do you give and how do you
treat complications
Two BCG preparations licensed in the UK
ImmuCyst (Cambridge)
BCG Connaught
81mg dose (contains 0.4-3.7x107 CFU/ml BCG Connaught)
OncoTICE (Organon)
BCG-TICE
12.5mg (contains 0.4-1.6x107 CFU/ml BCG TICE)
Mechanism – poorly understood, probably immune
response leads to cytokine production
Both reconstituted with 50mls saline to make a 53ml volume
preparation
Catheter then inserted
Ideally full bladder on catheterisation to wash out any lubricant
Instill BCG slowly via gravity
Pt should retain the fluid for as long as possible up to 2 hours
For first 15min, should lie prone, then allowed to get up
After 2hrs Patient can void in a seated position
Care should be taken with voiding for the next 4 hours
Void whilst sitting
Bleach toilet and leave for 15min
Condoms should be used within a week of treatment
BCG – absolute contraindications:
During first 2 weeks after TUR
Macroscopic Haematuria
After traumatic catheterisation
In patient with symptomatic UTI
* WCC or asymptomatic bacteriuria or microscopic haematuria
are not contraindication. Prophylactic antibiotic is not
required
* BCG should be used with caution in immunocompromised
patients
Lamm’s Protocol used in SWOG
&EORTC
1st year
X6
X3
X3
X3
2nd year
(induction)
(at 3/12)
(at 6/12)
(at 12/12)
X3 (at 18/12)
X3 (at 24/12)
3rd year
X3 (at 30/12)
X3 (at 36/12)
Total= 27 doses
BCG complications
Local
Cystitis
Haematuria
Prostatitis
Orchitis
Treatment
Analgesia
+/-Postpone BCG
Culture
Antibiotic
Restart BCG
Systemic
BCG sepsis
If a systemic BCG infection occurs, an
Infectious Diseases consultation should be
sought.
BCG should be permanently
discontinued
Mulitiple agents anti-tuberculosis
therapy should be initiated promptly.
Commonly, this will comprise
Treatments
Isoniazid,
Rifampicin,
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
BCG complications
Non specific Symptoms (Malaise, fever, Rash,
arthralgia/ arthritis)
Anti-histamines or NSAIDs
Final EORTC-GU cancers Group
randomized study -European Urology
2013
1/3 dose and full dose BCG- no difference in toxicity
Intermediate-risk patient if BCG is used- should be
treated with full dose for 1 year
High-risk patient should have full dose 3 years BCG to
reduce recurrence compared with full dose 1 year
BCG. However, there is no benefit in terms of
progressions or deaths using 3 years or 1 year
protocol.
When do you consider radical
treatment in superficial bladder
cancer
When do you consider radical
treatment in superficial bladder
cancer
Highest risk:
G3T1 with concurrent Bladder CIS
Multiple and /or large (>3cm) G3T1
recurrent G3T1
G3T1 with CIS in prostatic urethra
Micropapillary variant of urothelial ca
High risk disease unable to tolerate BCG
consider immediate cystectomy because:
TURBT staging accuracy: For T1 disease 27-51% of patients being
upstaged to muscle invasive disease at cystectomy
5 years risk of Disease Progression can be as high as 45%
Retrospective study shows high risk non muscle invasive disease
undergo early cystectomy has a high survival rate
Others
Fail BCG
BCG refractory tumour
1.
2.
3.
If high grade, non muscle invasive tumour present at 3
months
If CIS is present at both 3 and 6 months
If high grade tumour appears during BCG therapy
BCG recurrence
1.
Recurrence of high grade (G3) tumour after
completion of maintenance BCG, despite initial
response
Alternatives to cystectomy after BCG
failure
Intravesicle Interferon α and BCG
Intravesicle Gemcitabine
Thermochemotherapy
Electromotive drug therapy (EMDA)
Intravesicle Taxane chemo agent
Intravesicle Mitomycin C and gemcitabine
Photodynamic therapy
Sequential therapy- Sequential BCG and EMDA MMC
(Small studies with some promising results but insufficient to formulate definitive
recommendation)
(D Yates European Urology 2012)