Transcript The Americas

The Americas
North America (US)
•
Crude Birth Rate
14/1000
•
Crude Death Rate
8/1000
•
RNI
0.6%
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Life Expectancy
78
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Density
80 per sq mi
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Total Fertility Rate
2.0
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GNI PPP per Capita
$39,710
•
Contraceptive Use
73%
United States
• 1.2 million immigrate to the
US each year.
• 44% of growth from 20002004 was from net
immigration.
• Pop. Pyramid for NonHispanics resembles
declining European
countries.
• Fastest growing
developed country in
the world.
• Only 56% of 12 million
in growth is from
natural increase.
United States
White Non-Hispanic Population
Hispanic Population in the US
Central America (Mexico)
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Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
RNI
Life Expectancy
Density
Total Fertility Rate
GNI PPP per Capita
Contraceptive Use
23/1000
5/1000
1.9%
75
142 per sq mi
2.6
$9,590
68%
Mexico
• 30% of young, married
women use
contraceptive.
• 35% of women have
children by age 20.
• Emigrates 1.2 million,
yet continues to grow.
• 75% of the population
lives in Urban regions.
• Poor conditions
include bad water and
crime.
South America (Brazil)
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Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
RNI
Life Expectancy
Density
Total Fertility Rate
GNI PPP per Capita
Contraceptive Use
21/1000
7/1000
1.4%
71
56 per sq mi
2.4
$8,020
76%
Brazil
• Fertility rate
increases from
1.7 to 4.8 from
richest to
poorest.
• Contraceptive
use among
young women
drops to
around 50%
India & Overpopulation
Why India is overpopulated/causes
• Land
– 2.4% of worlds land area, 15% of world’s population
• From 1950 to 1988 India was in the 2nd stage of
demographic transition - the death rate fell rapidly,
while the birth rate continued to be high or declined
only slowly.
• People fail to understand the birth control / family
planning options that they have due to high illiteracy
rates
• Declining death rate has caused India to grow by 2% a
year since the 1960’s
Statistics of India
• Population is 1 billion
• Population density is 328 people/ sq. km
• Age structure:
– 0-14
31%
– 15-64
64%
– 65 and over
5%
• Median age is 25 years old
• Life expectancy is 64 years old
• There are 1.06 male(s)/female
• Rate of natural increase is 1.4%
• Crude birth rate is 22 births/1,000 population
• Crude death rate is 8 deaths/1,000 population
• Total fertility rate is 2.7 children born/woman
• Infant mortality rate is 55 deaths/1,000 live births
More statistics
• 40% of the people 15 years of age and over are illiterate
– Men
30%
– Women
50%
• 25% of the population is in poverty
• 10% of the population is unemployed
• The average salary is $14,500
• 40% of the people earn less than one U.S. dollar a day
• 15% of the children under the age of 15 suffer from
malnutrition
Trends/Patterns
• Each year India adds more people to the world’s
population than any other country
• The total fertility rate is declining
• Contraceptive prevalence has risen substantially
• HIV/AIDS is spreading fast
• Northern States have a high mortality rate, high fertility
rate, and low contraceptive use
• Western and Southern states in India have a lower
mortality rate, lower fertility rate, and higher
contraceptive use
Relationship between
overpopulation & poverty
• The relationship that overpopulation has with poverty
is that the population will eventually outgrow the food
supply and other needed resources making for an
increase in the amount of people in poverty.
Recommendations
• Supply of basic commodities
• Enforce of a two-child law
• Offer incentives to couples having no more than
two children
• Ban politicians with more than two children from
contesting in elections
• Put more money into the Family Planning
Program
• Promote the use of contraceptives
• More information available regarding
contraception/family planning
Importance
• Since India has one-sixth of the world’s population, the
problem cannot be put aside. More efforts should be
performed in order combat overpopulation in India. If
overpopulation continues to be a problem in India, there
will be a lot more people in poverty, which is not good for
India at all.
Population pyramids
Population density map
Sources
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www.overpopulation.org
www.census.gov
www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook
www.indiaonestop.com/povertyindia.htm
Sub-Saharan Africa
World Population (1900)
World Population (2000)
Rapid Population Growth
Rapid Population Growth
Concerning Statistics
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Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
RNI
Life Expectancy
Percent Age <15
Total Fertility Rate
GNI PPP Per Capita
43/1000
15/1000
2.7%
51
45%
6.0
$510
The World’s Poorest Countries
Country
Name
Average
Annual
Income
Somalia
Death
Rate
Total
Fertility
Rate
RNI
Life
Expectancy
$500
Birth
Rate
46
18
7%
2.9%
47
Sierra
Leon
$790
47
24
6.5%
2.3%
40
Malawi
$620
50
19
6.5%
3.2%
45
Tanzania
$660
42
18
5.7%
2.4%
44
Why This a Problem
• More than 300 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly half the
population lives on less than $1 a day. This number is expected to
rise to 400 million by 2015.
• Africa is home to 34 of the world's 49 poorest countries.
• More than 300 million people do not have access to clean water and
more than 44 million primary-school aged children are out of school
in Africa.
China
The Sleeping Monster
Welcome To China
• China’s geographic mass is approximately
equal to that of the United States.
• The problem is that the Population is Five
Times Greater than that of the U.S.
• It takes up about one-fifth of the world’s
population with a count of 1,306,313,812.
• The Chinese Geography of Mountains and
Deserts force the population to be
contained in small areas.
Population Growth
• The Population of China grew rapidly during the
20th Century, while the country struggled with
World Wars, Civil Wars, and a new nation.
• Since the founding of the People’s Republic of
China (PRC) in 1949, the population has more
than doubled from one half billion that it was.
• But over the past years it has slowly started to
decline, especially in the early years of the PRC.
Death Rate Change
• The official Death Rate in 1953 was fourteen
deaths per 1,000 people, it may have been more
considering morality was underestimated.
• The official death rate finally dropped below
eight per 1,000 people in 1970, then in 2000 it
was below seven.
• The cause of such a dramatic Morality Rate over
fifty years was due to the Government changes.
• The World Wars were over so fewer soldiers
were dying. The government also started to
support the citizens through health programs,
food needs, and land/resource access.
The Great Leap Forward
• In 1958, the PRC set forward the Great Leap
Forward project. This was a massive effort to
increase agricultural and industrial production.
• This was a major failure, and it caused one of
the largest famines in human history.
• Infant Morality spiked in 1958 and 1961. Adult
Morality surged during the project, but the
country recovered nicely from the 30 million
deaths in three years.
• The Life expectancy at birth has increased from
35 years in 1949 to 72 years in 2001.
Total Fertility Rate
• Between the 1960s and the 1980s there was a very
impressive drop in fertility.
• The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) fell from six children per
woman to two children per woman.
• In 2001 the average TFR is estimated to be 1.22 in Rural
Areas and 1.7 in Urban Areas.
• The One Child Campaign helped reduce the TFR. This is
an adoption by the government for each couple to only
have one child, if they wanted more they needed to get
approval. This was created in attempt to help stop the
population growth.
• The Decrease in TFR also contributes to the older
population (people over 60) which has increased from 7%
in 1953 to 10% in 2000. It is projected that in 2050 it will be
27%.
From the Past To the Future
• Over the course of
the next 50 years it is
estimated that the
population will
stabilize, being equal
in people over 60 and
infants.
• It will then flatten out
vertically with a hint of
population decline.
Recommendations
• There are several ways to solve the population problem in China.
• Limiting health care is a possibility, but under Communist rule it
doesn’t make sense because the government provides it for the
people.
• The One Child Campaign is a great solution because it helps control
the population while lives are not lost.
• A war would help out the population decrease, but that isn’t a good
solution because unless there is a good reason, war is not the
solution.
• In improvement in agriculture and housing development would help
export goods and help spread out the dense urban areas.
• Migration to other areas would free up tight areas in which the
population density is at its greatest, and it would also decrease the
current population.
Europe!
Population:
a BIG problem
in a small continent
The 19,980 Dollar Pyramid!
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By the middle of the 21st Century,
35% of Europe’s population is
expected to be elderly.
This fact largely contributes to the
probability that …
-more schools will shut down
-more nursing homes will be built
-there will be less social security
-there will be higher taxes to
compensate for the bad pension to
working person ratio of 1:1
The current balance between the
young and elderly is at such a
horrible disadvantage to Europe,
that decreasing population is
inevitably going into a downward
spiral that will continue for
decades.
Population Density!!!
• 82 people / sq mile
• 74% of people live in the urban
population.
• It is expected that from 1995 to
2025, the percent of people
from 0-14 will drop from 19.2%
to 14.7%.
• And the major working
majoring of the population has
been predicted that from 1995
to 2025, it will fall from 66.9%
to 64.3%.
• 65+ will rise from 13.9% to
21.0%
• 75+ will soar from 5.2% to
9.1%, nearly doubling!
How are the people doin’?
• And there is overall 730,206,798 people currently living in
Europe.
• As mentioned earlier, on average income is averaged for
each of the working 730 million to be $19980.00 per year.
• An astounding 74% of that populations is living in the urban
population.
• The average life expectancy for men is 71 and women is
79. Their life expectancy is very similar to that of the US,
yet their population is slowing declining, unlike ours.
• Women in Europe, much like those in the US, are
concentrating more highly on their careers. Consequently,
the fertility rate is dropping, as is the population.
Where do babies come from?
• Well, European babies come from their mothers who
have an average of 1.4 fertility rate. Meaning they, on
average, will have about between one and two children
in their lives.
• This low fertility rate is bad for the dwindling population
that already has a higher death than birth rate.
• The death rate is currently 11/1,000 and the birth rate is
10/1,000.
• And as for infant mortality, the rate is 7.1/1,000
• The fertility rate, birth and death rate, and the low
average life expectancy of 75 all comes together to show
a deterioration in the population in the rate of natural
increase, which is currently at -.1
How can we fix it?
• Many people think that by supporting immigration from Africa and
Asia (fast-growing and youthful countries), this could help get
Europe back to a normal RNI.
• Create more “immigrant-friendly” programs that can get them
working and on their way to starting a life, and a family in Europe.
This will increase the working population and the population as a
whole.
• Educate the population further on the dangers of unprotected sex
and the sexually transmitted disease that may come along with it.
• Try to promote more day-care in the business world, so that mothers
can pursue a career, and up the fertility rate.
• Give families more substantial tax cuts for the number of kids they
have. This will increase the interest of expanding a family and
therefore increasing the population, and most importantly the young
population.
The Silver Lining
• Fortunately, there is a highly positive point to all this. A
future with fewer people in Europe, these being some of
the most consumerist people in the world, will mean less
pressure on natural resources. Given that humankind is
already over-exploiting the environment and cutting back
the wellbeing of future generations (possibly for as long
as one thousand years in the case of global warming),
any reduction of this burden is warmly welcomed. Many
have recommended that Europe and America should
consider a long-term commitment to cutting back on its
human numbers in light of its drain on the world’s
resources.
• So yes, there is a silver lining to all of this!
Recommendations
• Create a global organization, much like the United Nations, that will pay
all its attention to population. This organization will:
• Research the possibility of the development of under populated regions
(Russia, Greenland, Australia, Europe) .
• Educate people on the use of birth control, and make birth control
available for everyone.
• Erase all international debt, and require each countries net debt to be
paid towards the cause. This will fund the organization.