Transcript Elements of Literature: Character

Mastering Six Troublesome Verbs
Why are these verbs troublesome?
Lie/Lay
Sit/Set
Rise/Raise
Review A
Review B
Why are these verbs troublesome?
Six verbs in English require special attention.
lie
lay
sit
set
rise
• Is the longhorn lying in the grass or
laying in the grass?
• Is Max sitting or setting ?
• Does the temperature rise
or raise ?
raise
Why are these verbs troublesome?
These verbs cause trouble because they sound alike.
lie
lie
lay
sit
set
rise
raise
One vowel sound makes all the difference.
Why are these verbs troublesome?
One way to distinguish these verbs is to ask . . .
Does the verb
have a direct
object?
Wes sits on the park bench.
cup on
She sets the cup
on the
the saucer.
saucer.
No object
Object
Lie/Lay
The verb lie means “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in
place.”
Keith lies on the sofa.
The verb lay means “to put (something) in
a place.” Lay generally takes an object.
Object
Mrs. Wong lays the plates
down.
plates down.
Lie/Lay
Principal Parts of Lie and Lay
Base
form
Present
participle
Past
Past
participle
lie
[is] lying
lay
lay
[have] lain
lay
lay
[is] laying
laid
[have] laid
These verbs are easy to confuse because the past
form of lie is also lay.
Base form
of lay
Please lay that package on the floor.
Past form
of lie
The dog lay on the blanket all afternoon.
Lie/Lay
Principal Parts of Lie and Lay
Base
form
Present
participle
Past
Past
participle
lie
[is] lying
lay
[have] lain
lain
[have]
lay
[is] laying
laid
laid
[have] laid
laid
[have]
Notice that the past participle of lie is [have] lain.
This old camera has lain in the attic for years.
The past and past participle forms of lay are laid and
[have] laid.
Rita
I have
carefully
laid my
laid
slippers
the figurine
next tointhe
thebed.
box.
Lie/Lay
On Your Own
Give the correct form of lie or lay in the blank for each of
the following sentences.
1. Did you ______ this bag of oranges on the table?
2. The calf was ______ on a pile of straw.
3. The toddlers will ______ down for their naps now.
4. Marty had ______ peacefully on the hammock for
hours.
5. The workers ______ the crate on the ground.
[End of Section]
Sit/Set
The verb sit means “to rest in a seated, upright
position” or “to be in a place.”
They are sitting at the table.
The verb set means “to put (something) in a place.”
Set generally takes an object.
Object
Derrick has set the ladder
ladderagainst
againstthe
thewall.
wall.
Sit/Set
Principal Parts of Sit and Set
Base
form
Present
participle
Past
Past
participle
sit
[is] sitting
set
[is] setting
sat
set
[have]
[have] sat
sat
[have]set
set
[have]
The past and past participle forms of sit are sat.
At earlier
games
we had
satinnear
the back.
last night’s
game
we sat
the front
row.
The past and past participle forms of set are set and
[have] set.
I Polly
thinkset
shethe
hasplants
set them
on the
toowindowsill.
near the window.
Sit/Set
On Your Own
Give the correct form of sit or set in the blank for each of
the following sentences.
1. We have ______ around the campfire a long while.
2. John has ______ aside money to buy an MP3 player.
3. You should not ______ on the damp ground.
4. Mr. Carr told me to ______ the equipment on his desk.
5. The groceries are still ______ on the kitchen counter.
[End of Section]
Rise/Raise
The verb rise means “to go upward.”
Air bubbles rise to the surface.
The verb raise means “to move (something)
upward.” Raise generally takes an object.
Object
Raise the lid
carefully.
lid carefully.
Rise/Raise
Principal Parts of Rise and Raise
Base
form
Present
participle
Past
Past
participle
rise
[is] rising
raise
[is] raising
rose
rose
raised
raised
risen
[have] risen
[have] raised
raised
[have]
The past and past participle forms of rise are rose
and [have] risen.
Her
hadthat
risen
even earlier.
Shebrother
rose early
morning.
The past and past participle forms of raise are raised
and [have] raised.
Mr.
Several
Taylor
students
has raised
raised
an their
interesting
hands question.
to answer.
Rise/Raise
On Your Own
Give the correct form of rise or raise in the blank for each
of the following sentences.
1. Chris ______ early each day to train for the marathon.
2. Please ______ the blinds to give the plants some light.
3. The dough is ______ on the countertop.
4. Gerry has already ______ enough money for the trip.
5. The Bunsen burner flame has ______ too high.
[End of Section]
Review A
For each sentence, give the correct form of the verb
indicated in parentheses.
1. In winter, my cat (lie) on a blanket in the closet.
2. She (lay) the baby in the crib and quietly left the room.
3. The flowers were (sit) by the door when I got home.
4. Has your cousin (set) a date for her wedding yet?
5. The temperature has already (rise) by ten degrees.
6. Tyrell (raise) the fallen child to her feet.
Review B
If a verb in one of the following sentences is incorrect, give
the correct form. If a sentence is already correct, label it C.
1. After the marathon, Millie laid down right on the sidewalk.
2. A large black cat was setting on the wall in our backyard.
3. Jody raised from her chair to greet the new student.
4. The audience rose to give the singer a standing ovation.
5. Dee lay that tile in the kitchen, and she did a good job.
[End of Section]
The End