Transcript States of Matter

States of Matter
Standard: Students know that in solids, the atoms are closely locked in position and
can only vibrate. In liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and
can collide with and move past one another. In gases, the atoms and molecules are
free to move independently colliding frequently. Students know that compounds are
formed by combining two or more elements and that compounds have properties
that are different from original elements. Students know the structure of the atom &
that an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Students know each
element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number, and
each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the
nucleus.
Students know the structure of the atom & that an
atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atom
Smallest particle of matter
Structure
Nucleus
Proton + charge
Mass
Atomic #
Neutron
No charge
Mass
Electron – charge
Orbits nucleus
Force of attraction
allows for bonding
Molecules
 Compounds
Students know each element has a specific number of protons in
the nucleus, the atomic number, and each isotope of the element
has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic # = #
protons in element
or atom
Atomic Mass= amu
•total # of
protons &
neutrons
Isotopes: diff. mass
# , but same
atomic number
Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or
more elements and that compounds have properties that are
different from original elements.
Elements
• Pure substance
– Simplest substance/matter
– Not broken down by physical
or chemical means
– 92 naturally occurring on
Earth
– Found on Periodic Table
– Aka atoms
– Bond due to attraction
between electrons and
protons of diff. atoms
Compounds
• Made up of Elements
• Specific ratio
• Chemical formula
– H2O
– 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen
atom
• New properties
• New substance
Properties of matter
Chemical
• Flammability
(burn)
• Ability to react
• New
– Substance
– properties
Physical
• Change of state
• Texture
• Color
• Hardness
• Density
• Flexibility
• Melting point
• Luster
• Conduct
– Heat
– Electricity
• Dissolves
Matter comes in three phases or states
Phases of matter
• Solid- vibrate only
– Add heat, increase molecular
movement (change state)
• Liquid- slowly move past each
other and collide
– Add heat, molecular speed
increases (change state)
• Gas- collide frequently, move
in all directions
– Add heat, increase molecular
movement, expands
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Students know the states
of matter
A. Solids
Definite shape and
volume
Particles packed
closely together
Tightly fixed in one
position
Particles can only
vibrate
Types
Crystalline Solids
Amorphous
Solids
Students know the states of matter
Liquids:
 Definite volume, no shape
 Particles packed close, but move freely
 Particles can collide and move past one another
 Fluid or substance that flows
Students know the states of matter
Properties of Liquids
• Surface tension: inward pull
of molecules near the
surface to be closely packed
together
• Viscosity: resistance to flow
or movement
– High viscosity: slow
movement
– Low viscosity: move fast
Have you ever mixed Kool-Aid
with water?
Students know states of matter
Gases
• Type of fluid
• Change volume easily
• Particles squeezed together
or spread apart
• Particles move in all
directions
• No shape
• No volume
• More energy
• More motion
What effect does pressure have
on molecules?
Can you illustrate the molecular
motion of matter?
Gas or Solid?
Matter Song
Students know heat is absorbed or
released to change state.
• Changes between Solids & Liquids
– Change in thermal energy = change in molecular
motion
• Particles vibrate enough to break free of position
– Liquids contain more thermal energy than solids
– Melting occurs due to temperature
• Changes with air pressure
– Freezing: molecules slow in motion and become
fixed in a position
– Physical Changes: melting & freezing
Changes between Liquid &Gas
 Vaporization
 Particles in liquid gain energy
to form gas
 Examples: evaporation or
boiling
 Evaporation
 Only occurs at surface
 Boiling
 Occurs below and at surface
 Forms bubbles that rise and
move to surface
 Boiling point= T° at which
liquid boils
 Changes with air pressure
 Condensation
 Reverse of vaporization
 Warm air meets a cool
surface
 Loss of thermal energy
 Motion of particles
decreases
 Physical change
 reversible
Any Questions?