Transcript Fundamentalism

Terrorism
Definitions of
Fundamentalism
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Fundamentalism:
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Militant Fundamentalism:
strict adherence to any set
of basic ideas and/or principles.
– Islamic/Christian
strict adherence
to principles and willing to use violence.
Current Terminology
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Extremist: one who kills or
is willing to die for their
beliefs; radical.
Insurgent: a person who
rises in forcible opposition
to lawful authority, a person
who engages in armed
resistance to a government
or to the execution of its
laws; rebel.
Current Terminology
Continued
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Detainee: a person held in custody, for
a political offense or for questioning.
Fatwa: a death sentence.
Intifada: a violent uprising.
Terrorism
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Threatens International
Security
Terrorism: the use of
unpredictable violence
against society, in
general, and innocent
people, in particular, to
express beliefs and
achieve political goals.
Characteristics of
Terrorism
1.
An instrument of the powerless against
the powerful
- small groups
- usually regional/operating in several countries
at once
2.
3.
4.
5.
A weapon – IED’s
Favored by extremists
Unpredictable
Difficult to determine
perpetrators
Types of Terrorism
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International Terrorism: acts of violence
committed by political groups outside of
their own country.
– Al Qaeda
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State-Sponsored Terrorism: acts of violence
encouraged by governments or states for
political purposes.
– KKK, IRA
4 Types of Tactics
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assassinations
Bombings
Hostages
Hijackings of
airplanes and ships
Al Qaeda
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English “The Base”
Sunni Islamic Movement
– Ideology = Islamic Fundamentalism
– Founded in 1988 - Afghanistan
– U.S. Labeled  foreign terrorist org.
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Tactics
– Suicide Bombings
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Attack civilian and military targets
Most Notable: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
Leaders: Osama bin Ladin
Believes killing the innocent justified in jihad
– Jihad: Holy War
Palestinian Liberation
Organization (PLO)
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Goal = end occupation of Israel & freedom for
Palestinian People
– Founded in 1964
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Arab League  PLO sole representative of Palestinian
People
– Leader was Yasser Arafat over 31 years
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President = Mahmoud Abbas
– Operating out of West Bank
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– Palestinian Authority - Fatahs
1988
– PLO renounced terrorism  recognized Israel
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Orgs. split from the PLO  Hamas, Islamic Jihad
Hamas
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English “Islamic Resistance Movement”
Palestinian Political Party
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Holds majority in PA
Ideology = Palestinian Nationalism
Founded in 1987
U.S. Labeled  Terrorist Org.
Broke off of PLO
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Operating out of Gaza Strip
Tactics
– Suicide bombings  on Israelis
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Leaders  Khaled Mashaal, Ismail Haniyah,
Mahmoud Zahar
Islamic Jihad
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Islamic Jihad
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Ideology = Palestinian Militant Group
Founded in 1987
Goal = Destroy Israel
U.S. Labeled = Terrorist Org.
Broke off of PLO
Tactics
– Suicide bombings
– Militant attacks
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Leader: Ramadan Abdullah Mohammed Shallah
Israel
Hezbollah
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English “Party of God”
Shiite Islamic Political & Paramilitary Org.
– Ideology = Islamic Fundamentalism
– Founded in 1982
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Response to Israeli invasion of Lebanon
– U.S. Labeled  Terrorist Org.
– Operates out of Lebanon, Syria & Iran
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Tactics
– Militia Attacks
– 2006 War with Israel in Lebanon
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Leader: Hassan Nasrallah
PKK
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Kurdistan Workers’ Party
Militant Org.
– Ideology = Kurdish Nationalism
– Founded in 1978
– U.S. Labeled  Terrorist Org.
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Operates in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria
Goals
– Rights for Kurds in Turkey
– Wants own Country
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U.S. gave them a flag
Leader = Murat Karayilan
Kurdish Areas