Transcript California Juvenile Felony Arrests and Juvenile Felony

PACIFIC JUVENILE
DEFENDER CENTER
CALIFORNIA UPDATE—
JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS
AND NEW LEGISLATION
Roundtable - September 13, 2014
U.C. Berkeley Law School
by David Steinhart
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COVERAGE
 Juvenile crime and incarceration trends
 Arrest and incarceration trends
 Juveniles tried & sentenced as adults
 Juvenile Justice Realignment
 Division of Juvenile Justice– realignment trends
 County level implementation issues
 State-local funds supporting realignment and related programs
 National and state law and policy trends

Shifting legal & constitutional framework:
SCOTUS decisions, adolescent science drive changes in state laws
 California legislative update
 Shifting policy landscape in California



Board of State and Community Corrections– emerging role
Turnover in the Legislature, new advocacy voices
Issues on tap for 2015
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California juvenile arrest,
incarceration & adult court trends
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California Arrests of Juveniles 2012
Felony violent
9,437
Felony other
26,931
Status Offenses
16,392
Misdemeanor
67,960
2012
TOTAL JUVENILE
ARRESTS
120,720
(down by 50% from
243,090 in 2002)
Source: California Department of Justice
Commonweal
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California Juvenile Felony Arrests and
Juvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2012
100,000
3000
87916
85640
82748
80,000
60,000
2500
76104
68503
651896619164963
6388963993
61539608785987161161
58555
2000
52020
43403
40,000
1500
36368
1000
20,000
500
0
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
0
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale)
Source: California Department of Justice
Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Commonweal
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California Arrests for VIOLENT crimes
Juvenile and Adult Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2012
700
600
500
400
300
200
Juvenile
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
100
Adult
Source: California Department of Justice
Commonweal
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County Juv. Facility ADP and Rated Capacity
Juvenile Halls & Probation Camps/ Ranches
Five year trend : 2009 – 2013 (mid year counts)
Juvenile Halls
Probation Camps/Ranches
9000
7000
8000
6000
7000
5000
6000
5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
2009
0
2010
2011
Juvenile Hall ADP
2012
2013
Juvenile Hall RC
2009
2010
2011
Camp/Ranch ADP
Source: CA Bd. of State & Community Corrections, Juv. Detention Profile Surveys
2012
2013
Camp/Ranch RC
Commonweal
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All California Juvenile Justice Facilities
Combined Average Daily Population (ADP)
for delinquency cases (4th quarter 2009 and 2012)
Three year decline of 25%
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1400
3650
750
2750
5920
4350
2940
2560
2009
2012
Private Placements
Co. Probation Camps
Co. Juv. Halls
State DJJ
Commonweal
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California Transfers of Juveniles
to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2011
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
1123
929
654
1201
866
724
1115
769
970
912
716
686
661
535
343
283
252
318
399
275
335
346
254
226
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Juvenile court remand to adult court
Prosecutor direct file in adult court
Total transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of Justice
Commonweal
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Adult Court Dispositions of Juveniles – 2011
(N = 548 dispositions)
Convicted
461 (84%)
Dismissed,
Acquitted or
Rt’d to Juv. Ct.
87 (16%)
Source: California Department of Justice.
State Prison
291 (63%)
DJJ Commitment
3 (<1%)
Probation
10 (2%)
Probation with Jail
140 (30%)
Jail
8 (2%)
Fine / Other
9 (2%)
Commonweal
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Juvenile Justice Realignment:
The CA Division of Juvenile Justice
(DJJ)
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Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Justice
Major Milestones 1996 -2013

1996: Sliding scale fees imposed for level V-VII
commitments– CYA population drops swiftly

2000: Proposition 21 opens new doors to adult court

2004: Consent Decree in Farrell case vs. CYA– generates
program costs that are catalysts for SB 81

2007: SB 81 bans future commitments of non-707 youth

2010: DJJ parole is realigned to county probation

2012: Governor proposes to close DJJ, proposal dies but
time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is lowered
DJJ POP
10,000
700
Commonweal
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California Division of Juvenile Facilities
Institutional Population
1996 – 2013 (as of December 31 each year)
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
9572
8599
8083
7666
7305
6497
6,000
5557
5,000
4696
4,000
3678
2999
2647
2293
17341602
12751031
3,000
2,000
1,000
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation
Commonweal
752 689
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
0
SB 81
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Annual Juvenile Court Commitments to DJJ
All Counties – 2003 through 2013
1200
1168
1000
800
600
400
200
835 816
647
467
402
333 341
276
148 190
0
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
Juv. Court Commitments to DJJ
Commonweal
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DJJ Institutional Population Dec. 31, 2013
by Court and Type of Commitment
N= 689 inmates
County contract housing ( 22)
Adult Court E & M Cases (139)
Juv. Court Parole Violators (0)
Juvenile Court 1st Commitments (528)
Juv Court Commitment
County contract housing
Adult Court E & M Cases
Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Div.
Commonweal
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DJJ Realignment implementation-County issues and continuing challenges
 State Auditor’s Report (Sep. 2012) slams BSCC and Legislature on SB
81 (YOBG) performance measures and reporting
 How are “realigned” juveniles doing at the county level?
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Performance and youth outcome data are generally lacking
We see varied county programs and uses of YOBG funds:
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Special custody programs– e.g. Los Angeles “SB 81” camp
Juvenile halls increasingly used for commitments-- a growing but poorly
documented concern
Re-entry grants– we have no data tracking outcomes
Still unresolved: meeting mental health, other local treatment needs
 State oversight of juvenile justice realignment—

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BSCC has only limited oversight functions– in effect local courts and probation
departments make their own spending & program decisions
New round of SB 81 juv. Facility construction grants: $80 million in pipeline
Commonweal
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Funding the CA Juvenile Justice System-Annual costs and fund sources (2013)
State Div. of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)
Total budget $ 170 million
County Probation Juv. Justice facilities
and programs- total $1.7 billion
$15 million est.
Federal Funds
$390 million
CA State Grants and Funds
$ 180 million
State General Fund
$1.25 billion est.
County General Funds
Sources: CA State Dept. of Finance; CDCR (DJJ and the Corrections Standards Authority);
CA State Juv. Justice Commission (Master Plan, 2009)
Commonweal
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State support for local juvenile justice
operations under 2011-12 realignment
Fund or Program
FY 12/13
FY 13/14
2007 Juv. Justice
Realignment (SB 81)
$93 million
$ 103 million
2010 Div. Juv. Justice
Parole Realignment
$ 6 million
$ 6 million
Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Act
(JJCPA)
$ 107 million
$ 107 million
Juvenile Probation
Camp Funds- Camps
$29 million
$29 million
Juvenile Probation Camp
Funds- Programs
$ 152 million
$ 152 million
TOTAL
$ 387 million
$ 397 million
Sources: CA Dept of Finance, Ca. State Association of Counties
Commonweal
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National law & policy trends in juvenile justice:
A shifting legal framework
Recent US Supreme Court Sentencing cases

Impose limits on life sentences for juveniles based on
developmental differences & “diminished culpability”
Findings in adolescent science drive changes
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Research explains adolescent behavior based on
brain development
Education and juvenile justice agencies adapt – e.g.,
school discipline reforms, youth corrections “downsizing”,
state laws restoring juv. Jurisdiction, pullbacks on “direct file”
Best all-round summary: Reforming Juvenile Justice:
A Developmental Approach, Nat’l Academy of Sciences (2013).
Download at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14685
California laws adapt too

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SB 9 & SB 260: Sentence reviews for prisoners w/ crimes committed as juveniles
Other California legislation– e.g. SB 1296 (truancy) & SB 1038 (auto-dismissal)
Commonweal
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California Legislation -2014 Report
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SB 838 (Beall), “Audrie’s Law”: High drama on expansion
of direct file and mandatory minimum juvenile sentences.
Signed, effective 1/1/15.
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SB 1296 (Leno): Ends incarceration of truants using
contempt power of the court (reverses In re. Michael G.).
Signed, effective 1/1/15
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SB 1038 (Leno): Auto-sealing and dismissal of court
records in non 707 delinquency cases. Signed, effective 1/1/15.
Note: please consult the Commonweal “bill digest” handout for additional bills and
details. Some bills may still be awaiting final Governor’s action at Roundtable time.
The Gov. has until 9/30 to sign or veto bills in his possession.
Commonweal
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California Legislation -2014 Report
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AB 388 (Chesbro): Detention law changes and new
group home requirements for dual status youth
AB 2607 (Skinner): Limits on detention of minors
awaiting placement
AB 2276 (Bocanegra) & SB 1111 (Lara): Education
rights and placements for justice system youth
Note: please consult the Commonweal “bill digest” handout for additional bills and
details. Some bills may still be awaiting final Governor’s action at Roundtable time.
The Gov. has until 9/30 to sign or veto bills in his possession.
Commonweal
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California Legislation -2014 Report
 Juvenile Justice Data Working Group
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Adopted in budget trailer bill (AB 1468)-- Inter-agency group at BSCC
Tasked with complete review & recommendations to upgrade outdated
and fractured state and local JJ data systems
Also will review & recommend new JJ system performance measures
Report to Legislature by 1/1/16
 MIOCR (mentally ill offender) grant program
 Renewed at $18 million for 3 year grants to counties
 Half to adult and half to juvenile offender programs
 Competitive grants administered by BSCC
 CDCR Leadership Academy
 Planning grant in FY 14-15 budget at $850,000
 Goal: establish a separate, privately funded facility for selected age 18-25
CDCR inmates, with an intensive treatment and re-entry emphasis- other
details under development
Commonweal
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Board of State and Community Corrections
Csa and
bscc
Juvenile Justice
Mission
& Mandates
BSCC Juvenile Justice mandates include
 Grants programs: JJCPA, YOBG, SB 81 construction, gang grants,
MIOCR, federal JJDPA funds
 Facility standards & inspection (camps/ ranches, juv. halls, jails)
 Data, TA and leadership in defining system best-practices
Juvenile Justice Committees
 SACJJDP (State Advisory Group) awards federal grant funds (EB
practices, RED reduction, data development)
 Juvenile Justice Standing Committee is working on:
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Upgrading & coordination of state/local JJ data systems
Juvenile Justice- Education and mental health issues
Facility issues– Standards (e.g., pepper spray), PREA, etc.
Commonweal
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CA Policy Landscape-- Leadership changes,
advocacy groups, upcoming issues
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Legislative leaders & term limits
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Advocacy organizations regrouping
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New Senate President & Assy. Speaker; Steinberg, Ammiano,
Skinner, others termed out
Strong players remain but others need to be educated
Californians for Safety and Justice; CA Alliance for Youth &
Community Justice; foundation initiatives & engagement
Upcoming in 2015?
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Juvenile sex offender registration?
Attempts to change Prop 21 “direct file” law?
More changes in education rights law for juvenile offenders?
Pepper spray confrontation?
Juvenile Justice Data Work Group recommendations
BSCC grants in progress– MIOCR, SB 81 construction, Byrne JAG
Commonweal
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