Transcript The Netherlands

IMMIGRATION
INTO THE EUROPEAN
UNION
FROM THE THIRD
COUNTRIES
“Flexibility in a transnational and
transitional labour market”
Welcome!
Members of the topic group:
• Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite
• Moisès Farrés Serra
• Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce
• Sofie Vlamings
• Janine Slabbekoorn
• Stefanie Balla
Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik
Overview
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Thesis
Ageing of the EU labour market
History and facts
Legislation
Consequences
Conclusion
Recommendation
• Immigration policy
• Integration policy
Thesis
ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY
TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN
THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET
Ageing of the European labour market
Ageing society
Population Projections:
EU (25 countries)
2005
458.5
2025
470.1
2050
449.8
• Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years
• Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much
smaller
• Effect: gap on the European labour market
Effect of the demographic ageing
The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour
status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)
Shortage on the labour market
Effect of labour migration on employment 2005- 2050 in
the EU-25
Employment
2005
194 551 000
Baseline
employment
2050
-31 926 000
(- 16%)
No migration
employment
2050
-54 449 000
(- 28%)
Immigrated labour
2005-2050
22 523 000
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF
EUROPEAN MIGRATION
History of migration
•
1945 - 1960s - displacements of World War II, the return
migration, inflows of workers
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1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese,
Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans
•
1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life”
factors, including environment and cost of living issues
•
2004 - 25 million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and
the UK)
Historical immigration figures
The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total
population of the EU-15
2000-2004
EU-15
0.2%
Germany
0.6%
Net migration in the EU-25
2005
EU-25 Member States (except
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland,
the Netherlands, Estonia.)
POSITIVE
Population change
Source: Eurostat
Current legislation at European level
Immigration policy
Community pillar
(Freedom, Security, Justice)
Since 1999
Treaty of
Amsterdam
Current legislation on European level
The Tampere Agenda of the European Council
(1999- 2004)
Achievements:
• Family reunification
• EU long-term residence status
• Students, researchers
Current legislation on European level
The role of the Commission
1. Several proposals for the implementation of a
common immigration policy
2. Proposal for a Directive
3. Soft law
Last initiatives of the European Commission
• The communication “Migration and Development”
• The Green Paper
• The Policy Plan on Legal Migration
Current legislation on European level
Integration policies
• The Hague Programme
• The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National
Contacts Point
• Handbook on Integration
• A Common Agenda for integration
• Financial resources: Integration Fund
Current legislation on national level
ITALY
Quota based
systems
SPAIN
Need for
Investigation and
analysis of the
LM
Work as a key
No possibility
to enter
looking for a job
Current legislation on national level
BELGIUM
Flexible
Systems
Special case:
LITHUANIA
GERMANY
THE NETHERLANDS
Work residence
Current legislation on national level
The problem
of qualified workers
Low skilled and high skilled
divisions
The GERMAN model
Consequences on European level
• Gap on the European labour market will be filled
• Growth of the employment rate
• Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in
society and on the labour market
• New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility,
education
• More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions
Consequences for employers and
employees
Employers (company level):
• Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences
• Need more flexible labour contracts
• Have to adjust the recruitment canals
• Cultural dialogue
Employees (from third countries):
• More possibilities to get employed
• More possibilities to get a better job position
• Social and cultural difficulties
Conclusion
Ageing of Labour Market
Shortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050)
In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to
decrease the shortage on labour market
But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic
ageing
Conclusion
Migration as a solution
• Countries versus EU policies
• Integration of immigrants
o Right
o Duty
• Protection of rights of immigrants
o Regulation of entrance
o Policies for migrants
Recommendations
1. Immigration policy
2. Country related recommendations
3. Initiatives of the EU
4. Integration policy
1. Immigration policy
•
Different canals for high skilled and low
skilled employees = a selective migration
•
Flexibilise the criteria of entrance:
Canadian model
The proposal
EU
Country A
3rd country (D)
Regional
employment
agency
(REA)
Centralized
Employment
Agency
(CEA)
Country B
CEA
European Migration
agency
Central
employment
agency
REA
Country C
CEA
REA
EURES
A nurse
2. Country related recommendations
Labour market versus Security and Public order
Canadian model
Belgium, the Netherlands
Italy, Spain
Germany
Lithuania
Manage the migrants inside
Manage the arriving flows of migration
Flexibilise the system;
Canadian model
More admissions (based on needs)
3. Initiatives of the EU
• Soft law versus hard law
• Special institution:
European Migration Agency
4. Integration policy
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Improve access to education
Cultural integration
Non-racist and intercultural approach
Equal treatment should be enforced
Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive
The End
Thank you for your attention
Any questions? Please dial Bart Roels