Transcript Document

Mining Safety – Challenges and Business
Opportunities
Presented by –
Mr. S S Shrivastava
(Head-Jindal Open Cast Coal Mines)
Indian Mining Industry – Mineral
Subgroups (%-age share category wise)
Indian Mineral Resources
Introduction
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Hazard – A situation with the potential to cause harm
or danger.
Unsafe Act – Unsafe act is any act that deviates from a
generally recognized safe way or specified method of
doing a job and which increases the probabilities for
an accident.
Unsafe Condition –
Unsafe conditions are
unsatisfactory physical condition existing in a
workplace which render it unsafe.
Risk – The likelihood that the harm from a particular
hazard is realized.
Contd.
Introduction
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Accident – Undesired and unplanned events
which may cause personal injury, damage to
property or equipment, or loss of output, or all
three.
Dangerous Occurrences / Reportable Incidents
– events
or situations that could harm
employees at work in such a way that there is a
legal requirement to report them.
Near Miss – These are any form of accident
which could result in injury or loss but does
not.
Cause – Effect Pyramid
Effects of Accident
Physical & Mental damage (trauma),
with a possibility of fatalities.
 Loss
of Machinery, Human and
Economical Resources.
 Loss of market reputation.
 Reduced
commitment
and
job
satisfaction, resulting in higher
turnover.
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Safety Regulatory Features
of Indian Mining Industries
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A Separate Act (Mines Act – 1952) & Rules (Mines
Rules – 1955) & Regulations (CMR – 1957 & MMR
1961) govern the working of mines.
Directorate General of Mines Safety has been formed
for ensuring safe working in Mines.
Entry is restricted in the mine areas without the
DGMS approved PPEs.
Statutory Certificates are issued by DGMS to the
competent persons after suitable examination/s for
working in supervisory & management positions in
mines.
Mining Legislation
Mines ACT, 1952
CMR, 1957
(- For Technical Matters
related to Mines)
Mines Rule, 1956
Circulars
(- For Welfare &
Amenities related to
Mines)
Mandatory
Recommendatory
By-Laws & Standing Orders to be framed & implemented by statutory persons
holding higher management positions at unit level
Role of Technology in Enhancing Safety
ROLL - OVER PROTECTOR
AFDSS
Rear View Camera
TDS
Role of Technology in Enhancing Safety
Remote Controlled LHD
Remote Controlled Dozer
Hydraulic Jumbo drill
Unmanned Mining
Accident Statistics of Indian Coal Mines
Falling Trend
Have we Reached the limit
of safe working with these?
Or
We are at the beginning of a
new safety standard?
Hierarchy of Hazard Mitigation Methods
A
R
I
U
M
Elimination
(Eliminate human
being from exposure)
Substitution
(Substitute jobs to
reduce exposure)
Engineering/Isolation
(Use of technology
to reduce exposure)
Administration Control
(Training, SOP etc.)
Personal Protective Equipment
O
New Concepts of Safety – Beyond
Minimum Regulatory Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety
OHSAS - 18001
Zero Harm
Definition: - Zero Harm means no one (employees, service
providers, customers, community, and stakeholders) will suffer
any harm (mental or physical).
In crux Zero Harm can be explained as:
• Zero fatalities;
• Zero permanently disabling injuries;
• Zero injuries to members of the public; and
• Zero long-term harm to health.
Moreover, at the heart of Zero Harm is a commitment to
eliminate the risk of serious harm to employees, partners and
the public.
Building a Sustainable Zero Harm
Culture – 5 steps
Contd.
Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps
Reporting Culture :
Reporting culture is the willingness of employees to report incidents including
near misses and errors. The depth of a reporting culture is directly impacted by a
just culture.
Risk Aware Culture :
Risk Controls are known and understood at all levels, with this understanding of
risk underpinning how we approach our project delivery whilst encouraging an
innovation to counter existing or developing risks.
Contd.
Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps
Learning Culture :
The learning culture refers to the ability and readiness of the organization to
analyze safety related data, draw conclusions and act upon the
recommendations.
Informed Culture :
An informed culture refers to the level of awareness, and currency of
awareness, by management and operators of the human, equipment,
technological, process and environmental factors which could impact
operational safety.
Contd.
Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps
Just Culture :
A just culture is one in which reporting is actively encouraged with an emphasis
on learning from these reports versus blaming those involved. Employees are
aware of the difference between acceptable and non-acceptable behavior A
clearly communicated set of non - negotiables and a consequence management
framework are accepted.
SIX Basic questions to ask
(1)What am I accountable for?
(2)What are the key hazards and risk in my area of accountability?
(3)How do I go about maintaining a clear picture of the key risks in
my area of accountability?
(4)What Critical Controls can be used to ‘manage’ these risks, by
eliminating them and if not practicable to do so, by controlling them?
(5)How do I know these controls are actually in place?
(6)How do I know these controls are effective in managing the risks?
Commitments for Zero Harm
Zero Harm means delivering on the following shared commitments:
Eliminating hazards: All our businesses will identify and plan out
hazards in all activities they undertake.
Eliminating fatal risks: All our businesses will identify fatal risks and
establish Zero Harm design, management and behavioural protocols to
eliminate them.
Maintaining Zero Harm day to day: All our businesses will establish
and maintain management, monitoring, review, audit and assurance
systems geared for Zero Harm.
Contd.
Commitments for Zero Harm
Keeping the public safe from harm: All our businesses will manage
and maintain Zero Harm levels of separation, security, monitoring and
stewardship to safeguard members of the public from exposure to our
hazards.
Keeping all our people healthy: All our businesses will conduct health
checks and health risk assessments to ensure there is no long-term
harm to health from working in our business.
Working with our customers: All our businesses will enlist the
support and co-operation of customers to achieve Zero Harm.
Making safety personal: All our people will make safety a personal
commitment.
“Zero Harm is about going home safely at
the end of each day and making sure the
person working next to you does the same.
Zero Harm is a mutual promise and
commitment: we’re family, and we are
dedicated to looking out for one another.
Embracing Zero Harm is the first step
toward creating a safe workplace and a
stellar safety and performance record.”
New Concepts of Safety – Beyond
Minimum Regulatory Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety
OHSAS - 18001
Why Behavior Based Safety
Safety is about people.
Compliance is not sufficient.
Consequences drive behavior.
Motivating
Performance Feedback
Truly proactive
Broad awareness
Deep Involvement
Proven effective
Transcends workplace safety
Behavior Based Safety: What Is It?
✔An excellent tool for collecting data on the
quality of a company’s safety management system
✔A scientific way to understand why people
behave the way they do when it comes to safety
✔Properly applied, an effective next step towards
creating a truly pro-active safety culture where
loss prevention is a core value
✔Conceptually easy to understand but often hard
to implement and sustain
Behavior Based Safety: What Is It Not!
✗Only about observation and feedback
✗Concerned only about the behaviors of line
employees
✗A substitution for traditional risk management
techniques
✗About cheating & manipulating people & aversive
control
✗A focus on incident rates without a focus on
behavior
✗A process that does not need employee involvement
Traditional Safety – Preventive Process
R
e
p
r
i
m
a
n
d
s
Safety
Training
Policies
Fewer
Accidents
Safety
Meetings
Contests
&
Awards
Slogans
R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Committees s
& Councils
BBS – A cyclic process
Implementation of BBS
1. Focus intervention on observable behavior.
2. Look for external factors to understand and improve
behavior.
3. Direct with activators and motivate with consequences.
4. Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior.
5. Apply the scientific method to improve intervention.
6. Use theory to integrate information, not to limit
possibilities.
7. Design interventions with consideration of internal
feelings and attitudes.
Facts about Human Behavior :
Human Behavior is a function of :
➢Activators (what needs to be done)
➢Competencies (how it needs to be done)
➢Consequences (what happens if it is done)
Human Behavior is both :
➢Observable
➢Measurable
Therefore, Behavior can be Managed
ABC Model
Antecedents (Activators)
(trigger behavior)
Behavior (Competencies)
(human performance)
Consequences
(reinforce desirable or punish undesirable behavior)
Four types of Consequences
Positive Reinforcement (R+)
("Do this & you'll be rewarded")
Negative Reinforcement (R-)
Behavior
("Do this or else you'll be penalized")
Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized")
Extinction (E)
("Ignore it and it'll go away")
Three Basic questions for BBS
What behaviors are being observed?
Why are those behaviors present?
Now What will be done to correct the
system deficiencies?
Behavior Based Safety – Flow chart
New Concepts of Safety – Beyond
Minimum Regulatory Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety
OHSAS - 18001
Introduction
OHSAS :
“Part of the overall management system that
facilities the management of the Occupational Health & Safety risks
associated with the business of the organization
This includes the organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for
developing and achieving, reviewing and maintaining the
organization’s Occupational Health & Safety policy”.
Standard :
“A document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognized body, that provides for common and
repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their
results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a
given context”
British Standards Institute
Formation of OHSAS 18001 : 2007
•Originally developed in early 1990’s as BS 8800.
•Revised in 2007 by BSI to be more compatible with ISO 14001.
•Framework for an effective Occupational Health & Safety –
Management System.
•17 elements designed in parallel to ISO 14001.
•Allows third-party certification / registration.
PDCA
PDCA – OHSAS Implementation
* Plan : Formulate Policy, Assess risk (HI & RA), identify
applicable regulations, Define Objectives.
* Do : Identify responsibility and accountability, training,
communicate, Documentation, controls and preparation
for emergencies.
* Check : Monitor, Record, Internal Audit (Check,
Examination, Review, Assessment), Check for compliance
status.
* Act to improve : Corrective Actions (C.A.) & Preventive
Actions (P.A.) formulation, Long and short term goal
selection. Implement philosophy of small but continuous
improvement ( KAIZEN) in each cycle.
OHSAS Procedure
Benefits of OHSAS
1)Improved OHS performance
o
Prevent health and safety hazard
2)Reduced liability
3)Fewer accidents
4)Reduced costs
o
Prevent ill health in the first place than to medication
5)Improved public image
o
o
Enhanced customer trust
Competitive advantage
6)Better access to capital
Simplified Model of OHSAS 18001
CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT IN OHS PERFORMANCE
POLICY
OBJECTIVES
PROGRAMME
MONITOR
Legal & Other
requirements
Identify
Hazards
Assess Risks
Tolerable
or
Intolerable
Eliminate
Risk
Control
Measures
Residual
Risk
INTERNAL AUDIT
Corrective &
Preventitive
Action
REVIEW