Transcript Laboratory-Scale Pipe Rheometry: A Study of

A Novel laboratory scale pipe rheometry
J. Salmela, S. Haavisto, J. Liukkonen
A. Jäsberg and A. Koponen
Technical Research Centre of Finland
COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
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COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
Motivation / Goal
 Characterize rheological behavior of Microfibrillated cellulose suspensions
 Rheology and composition of Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC) is very
complex
 Develop a well controlled flow environment
 Reliable
 Repeatable
 Scalable
 Low volumes
 High dynamic and viscosity range
 Allows flocculation
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COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
Background
 Rheology – a science of flow and deformation of matter
 Most of traditional rheometers don’t work for flocculating or granular
suspensions
 In traditional rheology true velocity profile of the flow is not used
 This is compensated by using assumptions
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COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
Rheology in Pipe Flow:
METHODS
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COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
Local viscosity
UVP-PD + OCT Technique
 Ultrasound Velocity Profiling, Optical Coherence Tomography and Pressure Difference
US Probe
UVP
Z
V
OCT
Z
x=at
Target particle
P
V
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OCT
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OCT
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OCT
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COST Action FP 1005, Nancy 13-14 October 2011
Local viscosity
Data analysis
Calculation of local viscosity
Maximum
shear stress
Plug flow
region
Velocity
W 
Local  r   dv
dr
shear rate
Zero
shear stress
Distance from tube centerline
PR
2L
Slip
velocity
Boundary
layer
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What we need to parameterize
the whole velocity profile?
 Currently our groups have
acces to non invasive
measurement methods that
enables direct measurement
of the whole velocity profile of
dence suspensions
Figure 6. Example of velocity profile and
usability of different measurement
methods.
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What we already have?
 Floc size for different furnish and for different geometries
 Minimum floc size (after sudden pipe expansion)
 Location of minimum floc size (after sudden pipe
expansion)
 Reflocculation rate
100
30
25
Pine 0.5%, PPP3
Q=0.64 l/s
Q=1.06 l/s
Q=1.59 l/s
Q=2.39 l/s
Q=3.19 l/s
Pine 0.5%
PPP3
Q=0.64 l/s
Vf
*
15
Vf
*
20
Q=1.06 l/s
10
10
Q=1.59 l/s
Q=2.39 l/s
Q=3.19 l/s
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0
-0.25
3
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
 h [m]
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
0.01
0.1
tC [s]
1
12
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Velocity Field Analysis
Average
Instantaneous
Image
Flow 2
1Field
Flow Field
Two Consecutive
Images
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Turbulent Intensity
It
2
Pulsed Light
Source
3
Floc Volume, V*f
1
Dimensionless
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1
2
3
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What we get from accurate velocity profile maesurement?
(Only direct measurements no assumptions needed)
Drag reduction (%)
 Shear viscosity
 Yield stress (floc strength)
 Lubrication layer
 Drag reduction
 Turbulence dissipation rate
 Size of plug flow region
Shear viscosity [Pa s]
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0
1
1.5
2
2.5
Mean velocity (m/s)
3
5
Viscosity of Masuko 3P
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c
c
c
c
c
c
3
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
2.0%,
2.0%,
1.0%,
1.0%,
0.5%,
0.5%,
100
pipe
rheometer
pipe
rheometer
pipe
rheometer
2
C0.28%
10
C0.56%
C1.0%
C1.14%
1
C1.53%
0
-1
Yield stress [Pa]
10
20
Plug size, R0/R
10
30
1
0.1
vane geometry
pipe rheometer
plate geometry
0.01
-2
-3
10 -3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
1
10
10
Shear rate [1/s]
2
10
3
10
10
4
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Mean velocity [m/s]
0.8
1
1E-3
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Consistency [%]
2.5
3.0
*
3.5
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What we need to do?
 Definition of test geometries
 Sudden pipe contraction / expansion?
 Validation of measurements and models using well known fluids
 Water
 Carbopol?
 Definition of suspensions
 Birch
 Pine
 MFC?
 Co-Operation
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Training school 2012
 Preliminary schedule
 KTH
 Boat trip to Finland and train to Jyväskylä 
 Lectures
 Professor Risto Myllylä (University of Oulu): Principles of Optical
Coherence Tomography
 Professor Markku Kataja (University of Jyväskylä): Use of X-Ray μ and
nano Tomography to study structure and flow in porous media
 Hands on lab tour:
 Laboratory scale pipe rheometry: Use of OCT and UDV
 Optical measurement methods:
 High speed video imaging
 Floc size evolution measurements