Transcript No Slide Title

Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
and Hydrothermal Saccharification for
Cellulosic Ethanol Production
2008 Farm to Fuel Summit
Lixiong Li
August 1, 2008
Outline

Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels

Florida Crop Oils
Catalytic Hydrothermolysis

Preliminary Results
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Florida Oil Crops as Feedstocks
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Current Focus - Crop Oils (see table below according to
Florida Agriculture Statistical Directory for 2006 harvest
season)
Potential Targets - Animal fats, algae/algal oils, Jatropha
and other oil crops being introduced to Florida
Oil Crop
2006
Acreage
Planted
2006
Production
Reported
Biodiesel
Yield
Potential
Biodiesel
Output
Potential
Increase in
Biofuel Output
Soybean
7,000
135,000
bushels
60 gal/acre
420,000 gal
900%
Peanut
130,000
150,000 tons
123 gal/acre
16,000,000 gal
40%
Cotton
Seed
60,000
47,000 tons
35 gal/acre
2,100,000 gal
50%
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Catalytic Hydrothermolysis
Processing Options for Converting Crop Oils to Biofuels
Soybean Oil
Hydrolysis,
Saponification
180 C,
1-2 hrs
O
Fatty Acid Salts
(Soap)
Pyrolysis,
Cat. Cracking
350-650 C,
<1 hrs
O
Gas, Oil,
Oil Residue,
Char
Post Refining
Soybean Oil
Cat. Transesterification
30-65 C,
1-8 hrs
O
Non-Catalytic
Hydrolysis,
180-300 C,
1-5 mins
O
Pyrolysis,
Cat. Cracking
350-550 C,
5-10 mins
O
Non-Cat. Transesterification
240-300 C,
2-4 mins
O
Product
Distribution??
Fatty Acid Esters
(Biodiesel)
Biofuel
Low-Pressure Processes
Fatty Acids
Post Refining
Fatty Acid Esters
(Biodiesel)
Biofuel
High-Pressure Processes
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Catalytic Hydrothermolysis (CH)
Pre-Conditioning
Vegetable
Oil
Triglyceride
Modifications
Conversion
Post-Refining
Catalytic
Hydrothermolysis
Conventional
Post Treatment
BioFuels
(Organic Phase)
(Patent Pending)
Water/
Catalysts
(Aqueous Phase)
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Water
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Heat
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Reactant
Reaction and Heat Transfer Medium
Source of Hydrogen
Activation Energy
Product Fractionation
Catalyst
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Laboratory Facility and Staff
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Preliminary Results (CH Conversion of Soybean Oil)
Product Distribution
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SB Oil Baseline
SB Oil Catalyst
JP-8
Diesel
Gasoline
25
% Mass
20
15
10
5
0
6
≤5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Carbon Number
16
17
18
19
20
>20
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Preliminary Results (CH Conv of Soybean Oil – JP8 Fraction)
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Preliminary Results (CH Conv of Peanut Oil – JP8 Fraction)
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Preliminary Results (CH converted SB oil)
Properties
Turbine Fuel, JP-8
NATO F-34
ARA
Spec
JP-8
Diesel, Naval Distillate
NATO F-76
ARA
Spec
Diesel
Aromatics, wt%
2.6
25 max
Paraffins (normal + iso), vol%
40
56
Cyclopariffins, vol%
52
Dicycloparifins, vol%
5.9
Heat of combustion, MJ/kg
43.4
42.8 min
Smoke point, mm
>30
25 min
o
Freeze point, C
<-47
-47 max
o
Flash point, C
>38
38 min
89
60 min
Distillation (D2887, D86)
pass
pass
Density, kg/L
0.793
0.775 min
0.823
0.876 max
Acid #, mg KOH/g
<0.01
0.015 max
<0.01
0.30 max
Hydrogen, wt%
13.4 min
14.1
12.5 min
o
Cloud point, C
-8
-1 max
o
Pour point, C
-15
-6 max
o
Viscosity @40 C, cSt
3.04
1.7-4.3
Demulsification, min
1
<10
Cetane Index
Report
57
>43
Tests performed by ARA, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Pax River Naval Air Station
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
- Competitive Advantage
ARA
Other
Bio JP-8
Bio
Diesel
Current F-T
Alternative
Processing
Properties
Density
Energy
Pollution
Combustion
- Good
- Fair
- Poor
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Summary
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
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Conversion of soybean and peanut oils to JP-8,
Naval Distillate, and Gasoline has been
demonstrated
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Fuel tests met USAF and Navy specifications
Small-scale system design has been initiated
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Acknowledgement
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Funding
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ARA Biofuel Team
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Florida Farm to Fuel Grant
Matching Funds by Concho LLC and ARA IR&D
Ed Coppola
Lynda Liptak
Jeff Rine
Jonathan Miller
Devin Walker
Graphics and Administration Support
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
Rodney Walker
Angela Devoy
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