Transcript 6.5 Lecture notes

CHAPTER 6.5 THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
I. The Black Death
A. A Plague is a disease that spreads
quickly and kills many people. The
Black Death was a plague that spread
throughout Europe and Asia in the late
Middle Ages.
B. Historians believe the Mongol Empire
was partly responsible for the rapid
spread of the plague because they
opened up trade between China, India,
the Middle East, and Europe. Rats
carrying the plague were brought on
trading caravans to Europe.
C. The first outbreak of the plague
began in Caffa, a city on the Black Sea.
D. About 38 million Europeans died of
the Black Death between 1347 and 1351.
The deaths of so many people damaged
the economy. It weakened the feudal
system.
Interesting note: Some scientist today believe the Black
Death might have not been Plague but a form of Ebola.
THE PLAGUE MOVES WEST TOWARD EUROPE
II. A Troubled Continent
A. The Hundred
Years’ War began
after Edward III
angered the French by
declaring himself king
of France in 1337. The
first major battle of the
war occurred at Crecy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZ
QjEFu8&feature=player_detailpage
"...their horses
stumbled among
the stakes, and
they were
speedily slain by
the archers." French
Defeat at Crecy
BATTLE OF CRECY – RESULTS
Can you figure who won?
Notes you don’t have to copy just think about…
KINGDOM OF ENGLAND
Commander:
King Edward III
Strength:
4,000 knights
7,000 longbowmen
5,000 spearmen
Casualties:
2 knights killed
100 –300 soldiers killed
KINGDOM OF FRANCE
Commander:
Philip VI (wounded in action)
Strength
6,000 Crossbowmen
29,000 Knights and infantry
soldiers
Casualties:
11 Noblemen killed
1,542 Knights killed
12,300 Infantry killed
The English Longbow was a very deadly weapon!
THE ENGLISH LONGBOW
A weapon that would change history…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLxS8W7lWMU
http://www.google.com/url?url=http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3D4gPgHyaG1Q&rct=j&sa=X&ei=iU6CTbmDAYaisQOS5GGAg&ved=0CEQQuAIwAQ&q=english+longbow&usg=AFQjCNH3COvKcqU2Gh_bzC_emlX1RAj3HQ&cad=rja
The French charged into the English and Welsh Longbowmen
Holding the high ground leading to a French slaughter. The
entire French army was under constant arrow attack.
B. A French peasant girl
fought with the French army
during the Hundred Years’
War. The English captured the
girl and had her tried by the
Inquisition. She was burned
at the stake in 1431. She was
known as Joan of Arc.
JOAN OF ARC
"...their horses
stumbled among
the stakes, and
they were
speedily slain by
the archers." French
Defeat at Crecy
BATTLE OF AGINCOURT
1415
DECISIVE FRENCH DEFEAT AND ENGLISH VICTORY
RESULTS AT AGINCOURT
English archers (with the longbow) decimate the French attackers
ENGLIGH KING HENRY V LEADS THE BATTLE
English lands in pink / purple - French lands in Green
English controlled lands at the height of their conquest
START
END
Looking at the maps, infer which nation won the Hundred Years’ War.
The Hundred Years’ War lasted more than 100 years (1337 – 1453)
C. The French finally defeated the English in 1453.
D. After a civil war in England called the Wars of
the Roses, Henry Tudor was crowned Henry VII.
E. During the middle ages Muslims ruled most of
Spain and Portugal (the Iberian Peninsula), the
people of these countries were mostly Christians.
F. Though the Muslims accepted the Jews and
Christians, the Christians resented Muslim rule.
The Reconquista was the Christians’ struggle to
retake Spain and Portugal
G. Princess Isabella of Castile married Prince
Ferdinand of Aragon. As king and queen, they
later united their two territories into one country
called Spain.
H. Ferdinand and Isabella wanted all of
Spain to be Catholic. They wanted to get
rid of the Jews and Muslims in Spain. The
Spanish Inquisition was a religious court
that tried people who were not loyal to the
Catholic faith. In 1492, Jews were given a
choice of converting or leaving. Ten years
after Spain recaptured Granada from the
Muslims in 1492, Muslims were expelled
as well (Alhambra Decree).
Over time the Muslims lost land (green color)on the Iberian Peninsula