Transcript BIO 2310 - Rowdy | Rowdy | MSU Denver

Blood Vessels

Arteries carry blood away from heart
 Ventral aorta
 Dorsal aorta
 Aortic arches between the two
Key Points

There are 7 visceral arches and yet the
previous slide only showed 6 aortic arches,
why?
Ventral aorta & Aortic Arches

Fish
 Afferent branchial artery
 Gill capillaries
 Efferent branchial artery
 Teleosts – 1 & 2 are gone
 Lungfish – Pulmonary artery is branch from
6th aortic arch – efferent region
Tetrapod Ventral Aorta & Aortic
Arches

General pattern
 6 arches in embryo
 1 & 2 rapidly regress
 Internal carotid artery is formed from arch 3
plus paired dorsal aortae
 Fifth aortic arch is gone in most
Tetrapod Ventral aorta & Aortic
Arches

Pulmonary artery is a branch from arch 6
 Common carotid artery is from ventral aorta
 External carotid artery is from common
carotid artery
Amphibian Ventral Aorta & Aortic
Arches

Urodeles have ductus caroticus present
meaning blood in arch three can go cranial
or caudal
 Anurans have no ductus caroticus, so that
blood in third aortic arch can only go
towards the head
Reptile Ventral Aorta & Aortic
Arches
Two aortic trunks from conus arteriosus –
sends blood to arch 3 and 4
 One pulmonary trunk from conus arteriosus
– sends blood to 6th aortic arch
 Otherwise similar to amphibians

Birds & Mammals Ventral Aorta &
Aortic Arches

One aortic trunk that sends blood to arches
3 and 4
 One pulmonary trunk sends blood to arch 6
 Fourth Aortic Arch
– Right side stays in birds
– Left side stays in mammals
– Right side of 4th arch becomes subclavian A. in
mammals
Bird & Mammal Ventral Aorta &
Aortic Arches

Ductus arteriosus is in fetus only. It is a
bypass of blood from the pulmonary trunk
to the aorta
 Carotids have same general pattern
Key Points

Why would the mammalian fetus need a
bypass from the pulmonary trunk to the
aorta?
Dorsal Aorta

General Pattern
 Paired in head & pharynx in embryo and
stays paired in adult as internal carotid
arteries
 Single in trunk
 Becomes the caudal artery
Key Points

Where do you find the caudal artery in the
shark? Compare its location with the
notochord and the nerve cord.
Dorsal Aorta

Ventral Visceral branches
– Celiac A. supplies stomach, pancreas, liver
– Mesenteric A. supplies intestine (may be more
than one)
Dorsal Aorta

Lateral visceral branches
– Urogenital
Dorsal Aorta

Somatic branches to skin, spine, muscles
 Subclavian A  Brachial A. supplies arm
 Iliac A  Femoral A. supplies leg
Veins

Veins start as capillaries and carry blood
towards the heart
Key Points

Define artery
 Define capillary
 Define vein
 Define trunk
 Define sinus
Cardinal Stream

Sharks
– Common Cardinal Vein
– Anterior cardinal vein – drains head
– Posterior cardinal vein drains kidney, body
wall, gonads, and most of body except digestive
structures
Key Points

Trace the blood flow from the shark’s
kidney to its ventral aorta.
Cardinal Stream

Amphibians
– Most of postcardinal disappears in anurans, but
persists in urodeles
Cardinal Stream

Amniotes
– Postcava (=inferior vena cava = caudal vena
cava)
– Takes the place of the Posterior Cardinal Vein
– Drains some of hindlimbs in crocodiles, all of
hindlimbs in mammals and eventually drains
most of trunk and tail, in addition to hind limbs
Cardinal Stream in Amniotes

Azygous/Hemiazygous
 From R. Posterior Cardinal V.
 Provides alternate route from structures
caudal to diaphragm
 Mammals only
Cardinal Stream in Amniotes

Precava (= superior vena cava = cranial
vena cava)
 From Common Cardinal Vein
 In cats and humans, Right Precava persists
and lose most of left.
Cardinal Stream in Amniotes

Internal Jugular Vein
 Drains brain
 From the Anterior Cardinal Vein
Key Points

Trace the blood flow from the brain of a
crocodile to the sinus venosus.
Renal Portal Stream

A Portal is a vein that begins and ends in a
capillary bed
 Fish – drains tail to kidney
 Amphibians – drains hindlimbs to kidneys
 Reptiles and birds – bypasses kidneys and
goes to postcava
 Mammals –not present
Key Points

Where are the capillary beds for the Renal
Portal Veins in the shark?
Abdominal Stream

Sharks
– Lateral abdominal Veins are paired
– Iliac V. from pelvic fins
– Subclavian V from pectoral fins eventually to
common cardinal V.
Key Points

Trace the blood flow from the shark’s
pectoral fin back to the sinus venosus of the
heart.
Abdominal Stream

Amphibians
 Ventral – single vessel, not paired as in fish
 No connection to forelimbs
Abdominal Stream

Reptiles
 Paired abdominal V
 No connection to forelimbs
Abdominal Stream

Mammals
 In fetus only
 Umbilical Vein becomes the round ligament
of the liver in the adult
 Ductus venosus is a bypass of the liver and
becomes the ligament venosum as a
remnant in the adult
Key Points

Summarize the evolutionary trend for
venous drainage of the forelimb.
– Shark
– Anurans
– Amniotes
Key Points

Summarize the evolutionary trend of venous
drainage of the hindlimbs
– Fish
– Amphibians
– Reptiles
– Mammals
Hepatic Portal Stream & Hepatic
Sinuses

All vertebrates have this
 Similar in all
 What is a sinus?
Hepatic Portal Stream & Hepatic
Sinuses

Vitelline V. from yolk sac to heart early in
development
 Subintestinal Vein from digestive visceral
to vitelline Vein
Hepatic Portal Stream & Hepatic
Sinuses
Hepatic Portal System – develops from one
Vitelline V. and Subintestinal V.
 Hepatic Sinuses – develop within liver from
vitelline veins

Mammalian Fetal Circulation

Ductus venosus is bypass of liver
 Ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale of
interatrial septum are bypasses of lungs
Key Points

Why is there a liver bypass in mammal
fetus?
 Why is there a lung bypass in mammal
fetus?