Transcript Chinese Education system - East

Characteristics and Challenges of
Chinese Higher Education
Wu Xiaofeng
Chen Xin
Wen Dongmao
Outline

Brief Introduction to China
 Characteristics of Chinese HE
 Challenges
Part 1:
Brief Introduction to China

A Big Country with Disparity
 Long History and Civilization
 A Developing Country
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Population: 1.3 Billion
– Four times more than the US,
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Land Area: 9.6 Million Square Kilometers
– the Similar Land Size with US
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GDP Per Capital In $ 3100
– 1/10 of USA
Central Area
64% of Land
4% of Population
3
East Area
West Area
Hu HuanYong Line
（黑河——腾冲）
2
36% of Land
96% of Population
1
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2004
2005
2006
2007
Developing
the growth of GDP per capita
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Part 2 Some Characteristics
of Chinese HE
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Biggest
 Expanding
 Stratification
 Privatization
1, The Biggest HE System
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Basic Statistics of HE in China (2007)
– HEIs: 2321
 Regular: 1908
– Four year University: 740
• Private: 29
– 2-3 year college: 1168
• Private: 247
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Informal: 413
– Faculty & staff: 1.97 million
 Faculty: 1.17 Million
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Basic Statistics of HE in China (2007)
– Total Enrolment: 27 M.
 Regular: 20 M.
– Post graduate: 1.2M.
– Undergraduate : 18.85 M.
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Informal : 5.24 M
Other: self-study
– Gross Enrolment Rate: 23%
2、Rapidly Expanding System:
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New Enrollments
–1998
–2003
–2007
–
1,0M.
3,8m.
?
6.0
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2007
Total Enrollments of Regular HEIs
(in million)
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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Gross Enrollment Rate by Age
Cohort (1990-2005)
15-17 years old
18 to 22 years old
60
50.9
50
46.5
40
26.2
22.6
24.1
20
10
3.4
3.5
3.9 6
5
8.3
9.8 10.5
9.1
7.2
12.5
13.3 15
17
19
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21.9
42.1
38.2 38.6 38.4
33.834.4
35.8
20
04
30
23.9
28.8 31.4
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20
02
20
01
20
00
19
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19
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19
96
19
95
19
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19
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19
92
19
91
19
90
0
21
3. Stratification
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Key School system from 1950s up to 2000s
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National key School
Province key School
County key school
Key class
Key University Policy from 1950s
 Project
211
– Time: Launched in 1995;
– Goal: building up 100 top level HEIs
and key disciplines for the 21 century;
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Project 985
– Time: Launched in May 1998;
– Goal: Aimed at developing 10 to 12 world-class
universities, plus a number of renowned high-level
research institutions;
Universities in Project 985
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The first release (34)
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Beihang University
Beijing Institute of Technology
Beijing Normal University
Beijing University
Central South University
Central University for Nationalities
China Agricultural University
China Ocean University
Chongqing University
Dalian University of Technology
Fudan University
Harbin Institute of Technology
Huazhong University of Science and
Technology
Hunan University
Jilin University
Lanzhou University
Nanjing University
Nankai University
National University of Defense Technology
Northeast University
Northwest A and F University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Qinghua University
Renmin University of China
Shandong University
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Sichuan University
South China University of Technology
Southeast University
Sun Yat-Sen University
Tianjin University
Tongji University
University of Electronic Science and
Technology of China
University of Science and Technology of
China
Wuhan University
Xiamen University
Xian Jiaotong University
Zhejiang University
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The second release (4)
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China Agricultural University
National University of Defense Technology
Central University for Nationalities
Northwest A and F University
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The Pyramid of Higher Education
System in China
985 Univ. 38
211 Univ.
38+64
Teaching Univ. 640
Vocational and technical
college 1168
4. Privatization

People-run HEIs: 276(2006)
 Converted HEIs: 2-3(?)
 Affiliated colleges: 318
 Students in Private HEIs: 16%
 Cost-sharing
– Government Allocation in nation education revenue
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1990: 63%
2007: <50%
Four Models for HE system
public founding
High
Netherlands
Belgium
EU Countries
Private
Sector
Public
Japan
USA
China
Korea
low
Australia
Parts 3 :Challenges
Quantity
Quality
Equity
1.Quantity

the Gross Enrollment Rate:
– 23% in 2007
– to 32% in 2020 ?
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The total Enrolments
– 27 million in 2007
– 2020?
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The total Enrolments In 2020
– If the GER is 32%: 43 Millions
– If Increase by 5% every year: 51 Millions
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2007
2015
2020
Total Enrollments of Regular HEIs
(in million)
51
48
45
42
39
36
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
2.Quality
 Employment
 Creativity
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2007
Number of Graduates of Regular Higher
Education (in million)
5
4
3
2
1
0
3.Equity
 HE
in less developed provinces
 HE for Disadvantaged Students