Transcript S + Vt + O 此屬於五大基本句型之一，主詞加上動詞，本身

三民高職英文1-6冊
句 型 總 整 理
S + Vt + O
此屬於五大基本句型之一，主詞加上動詞，本
身句意並不完整，一定要加上接受此動作的對
象，才成為完整句子。這種動詞稱為「完全及
物動詞」。
1. Boys don’t show their emotions.
2. He follows her.
S + Vi
S + Vi + Prep + O
此屬於五大基本句型之一，主詞後接動詞，
即可表達一完整意思。這樣的動詞稱為「完
全不及物動詞」。此類動詞後面可接適當的
副詞或介系詞片語。
1. They jump and shout.
2. She smiles at him.
S + Vi + SC
此句型也屬於五大基本句型之ㄧ，其中的
動詞為「不完全不及物動詞」，常為be動詞
或連綴動詞。動詞之後的主詞補語，種類很
多，但是以名詞和形容詞最常見。
1. I was so excited to see my Mr. Right!
2. It was a Saturday morning.
S + Vt + O + that-clause
此句型中的動詞為及物動詞，後面接一受詞，
之後再接一個that所引導的名詞子句。
1. Jack told me that we should meet in person.
2. I just told her that I was going to the movies
with my classmates.
If + S1 + V1..., S2 + Aux + V2....
若if條件句用來陳述一般事實，則屬於直說法
條件句。
此句型表示「如果…，那麼…」的意思。
注意：若主要子句為未來式，則if引導的子句
需用現在簡單式。
1. If you prefer some hot dishes, thick squid
soup and oyster omelets will surely satisfy
you.
2. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will
have a picnic in the park.
S + V...before/after/when + S + V....
→ S + V...before/after/when + V-ing....
主要子句和從屬子句的主詞相同時，連接詞後的
主詞可以省略，其後的動詞則要改成現在分詞 (Ving)。
1. You can have fried buns before you see a movie.
→ You can have fried buns before seeing a movie.
2. You can have a large cup of pearl milk tea before
you go home.
→ You can have a large cup of pearl milk tea before
going home.
S + V/be (am/are/is)
S + V-ed/be (was/were)
S + will + V
S + be (am/are/is) going to + V
此部份旨在複習現在簡單式、過去簡單式及未來簡單式
的用法。其中S + be going to + V 可以代替S + will + V
表示「將要發生之動作」。
1. The men are always in black.
2. The women always wear long skirts.
3. From the 1920s, some Amish people started to use new
technology.
4. Some think cell phones will make the Amish less close.
5. What are they going to do?
One.... Another.... The other....
這個句型的意思是「一…另一…還有一…」，就好比中
文說「家裡有三籃蘋果，一籃在客廳裡，另一籃在廚房
裡，還有一籃在飯廳裡。」它們還可以兼代名詞的功
用，如下面例句2.。
1. One group uses telephones, electricity, and cars.
Another group only uses them occasionally. The other
group does not use them at all.
2. There are three computers in my house. One is in
my room. Another is in my parents’ room. The other is
in the living room.
To V1/V1-ing...(+ Aux) + be/V2....
不定詞 (to V)與動名詞 (V-ing)均可當句子的主
詞，視為單數，後面接單數動詞。
1. To go to Taroko Gorge would be a problem.
→ Going to Taroko Gorge would be a problem.
2. To travel by motorcycle would be more
convenient.
→ Traveling by motorcycle would be more
convenient.
S1 + suggest + that + S2 + (should) V....
此句型用來表示「提議」或「建議」之意。that
子句中的should可以被省略，後面的
動詞以原形動詞形式出現。
1. I suggested that my mother (should) take a
motorcycle trip with me.
2. I called Mom again and suggested that we
(should) rent a car instead.
S + have/has + Vpp
英文裡的現在完成式，用來表達「有過的經驗」，
或「從過去某時開始，一直持續到現在的動作或
狀態」。
1. Both TV and radio stations have noted the
growing number of the fans, so they have
started to fight for broadcasting rights.
2. We have played basketball for two hours.
3. She has lived in Taichung since ten years ago.
one of + the + 形容詞最高級 + N + (that) + I/we
+ have + ever + Vpp
此句型用一個現在完成式的關係子句來修飾一個
內含形容詞最高級的名詞片語，來表達「所曾
經…最…的事物或人之一」。
1. This is one of the most exciting games (that)
I've ever seen.
2. Mandy is one of the smartest girls (that) we
have ever met.
S + Vt + IO + DO
→ S + Vt + DO + Prep + IO
1. 此句型中的動詞稱為授與動詞，為及物動詞(Vt)的一
種，其後需接兩個受詞。
第一個受詞為授與的對象(通常是人)，稱為間接受詞
(indirect object，縮寫為IO)；而第二個受詞為所授與的
事物，稱為直接受詞 (direct object，縮寫為DO)。
2. 授與動詞之後的兩個受詞位置可以對調，但對調後，
兩者之間須加一個介系詞 (preposition，縮寫為Prep)。
1. Prometheus gave humans many gifts.
→ Prometheus gave many gifts to humans.
2. Prometheus taught humans many things.
→ Prometheus taught many things to humans.
3. Prometheus brought humans this fire.
→ Prometheus brought this fire to humans.
疑問詞 + to V = 名詞片語
疑問詞(what, when, where, whom, which, how
等)引導名詞子句時，可將名詞子句簡化為名詞片
語
wh- + to V。
1. He taught them how to build their houses and
how to raise animals and food.
2. He also taught them how to care for the sick.
S + Vt + O + by + V-ing/N....
這個句型是從五大基本句型S + Vt + O (請見Unit
1)衍生而來。其中“by”在此表「藉著，透過」之
意，是介系詞，所以後面若要接動詞，就要用動
名詞 (V-ing)。
1. The Igbo people welcome the New Year by
clapping their hands.
2. I send messages to my friends by e-mail.
It + be + Adj (+ for someone) + to V....
此句型是從
To V.../V-ing + be + Adj (+ for someone)
(請見Unit 5)的句型變化過來的，差別在於此句型
以It做虛主詞開頭，代替後面的真主詞 (to V...)，
但意義並沒有改變。
1. To wake up early and see the first sunrise of the year
is important (for the Japanese).
→ It is important (for the Japanese) to wake up early
and see the first sunrise of the year.
2. To watch TV all day long is bad (for your eyes).
→ It is bad (for your eyes) to watch TV all day long.
make/let/have + O + V
這個句型為使役動詞make、let和have的用法，
使役動詞後面的受詞如果是「主動發出動作者」
時，其後可省略to，而接原形動詞。
1. My mom's phone call made me realize that
committing suicide was not the answer.
2. Let me help you with your homework.
3. The teacher had his students visit the
museum last Saturday.
S + had + Vpp
過去完成式一般用來表達「某一動作在過去另一
動作發生之前就已經完成」，常與另一簡單過去
式的子句連用。
1. She wanted to know my shoe size because
she had found a cute pair of sandals for me.
2. By the time we arrived at the party, all the
people had gone.
S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp
這個句型是複習現在簡單式和過去簡單式的被動
語態用法。此外，被動語態也可以含有助動詞，
如：will, should, might, must, can等。
1. They are sometimes called “urban legends.”
2. Many people are tricked by these urban
legends.
3. I was invited to Sam's birthday party last
Sunday.
4. Jack's homework will be finished in two days.
5. The work must be done soon.
It seems that + S + V....
→ S + seem(s) to + V....
本句型用以表示「不是很精確的推論或看法」，
中文譯為「似乎…」。
1. It seems that the stories from e-mail are real.
→ The stories from e-mail seem to be real.
2. It seems that Jennifer likes Mr. Johnson very
much.
→ Jennifer seems to like Mr. Johnson very much.
get/grow/become + Adj
本句型複習連綴動詞(linking verbs)，例如get,
grow和become。連綴動詞亦屬於不完全不及物
動詞，後面不接受詞，但因為其本身的意思不完
整，因此一定得接主詞補語(最常見的為形容
詞)，以補充說明主詞的狀態或性質。
1. He started to get sick.
2. More Asians are getting fat fast.
3. It grew cold.
4. Rita's voice became loud because she was
very angry.
...N + why/when/where + S + V....
本句型介紹關係副詞(why, when, where)。這三個
關係副詞均具有連接詞作用，引導形容詞子句，
分別修飾表「理由、時間、地點」的先行詞。
1. There are many reasons why fast food is
making Asians fat.
2. Sunday will be the day when the basketball
game is held.
3. This is the place where I lived before.
make + O + OC (Adj/N)
不完全及物動詞make接了受詞之後，後面還必須
接一個形容詞或名詞，主要是用來修飾前面的受
詞，以表達一完整的意思。
1. Some governments have made their use
illegal in certain public places.
2. The car accident made our trip an
unforgettable experience.
S + V... + so that + S + Aux + V....
so that前後各有一個子句，而且是有因果關係
的。本句型前半部主要子句中的主詞所做的動作
是為了可以達到其後子句的「目的」或「結
果」，所以so that最常被翻譯為「為了…，以
便…」。
1. All cameras in cell phones must make loud
noise so that people will know about it.
2. The students study hard so that they will be
able to pass the exam.
關係子句的限定用法：
...N (先行詞) + who/whom/which/that....
限定用法中的關係子句對先行詞具有限定、修飾
的作用，子句不能省略，否則句意便不完整。此
外，先行詞和關係代名詞(who/whom/which/that)
之間沒有逗號。
1. I saw a person who was moving very slowly.
2. Mary has a friend (whom/that) she has known
for years.
3. It was about finishing something (that) she
started.
4. This is the computer (which/that) my father
bought for me yesterday.
倒裝句：S + be/V + Adverbial Phrase
→ Adverbial Phrase + be/V + S
倒裝是為了強調句子中的某一個部分，例如，可
將表示位置的副詞片語提到句首，並且將主詞與
(助)動詞倒置，以達到強調作用。
1. One end of a paper ribbon was in his hand.
→ In his hand was one end of a paper ribbon.
2. A boy lay on the grass.
→ On the grass lay a boy.
because + S + be/V + O
→ because of + NP
because表示「因為」，為連接詞，後面接完整
的子句；because of也表示「因為」之意，但屬
於片語介系詞，後面需接名詞。
1. The company's productions are unusual
because they mix Western and Eastern
2. Because of terrible floods, they moved to a
higher place.
N + who/which/that + V...
→ N + V-ing...
關係代名詞為主格時，可將關係代名詞who、
which或that省略，並將原來關係子句裡的動詞改
為現在分詞，其意義不變；若關係子句為進行式
時，則可直接將關係代名詞和be動詞省略，保留
分詞即可。
1. The dancers are now the people who crossed
over the Taiwan Strait from China to Taiwan.
→ The dancers are now the people crossing
over the Taiwan Strait from China to Taiwan.
2. The man and his dog that are running along
the river live near my house.
→ The man and his dog running along the river
live near my house.
...the + 形容詞最高級 (+ N) ...
最高級是用於「三者或三者以上」的比較，表示
「最…」之意。大多數的形容詞均可形成最高
級，最高級的構成方法如下：
1. 單音節或部分雙音節的形容詞，字尾加est；
2. 雙音節或多音節字，則在形容詞前加most。
這兩種構成方法的前面都要加the。
1. Another great Taiwanese contribution to the
world is Giant bicycles, the most popular in
the sport of cycling.
2. The most eye-catching Taiwanese export
might be the “Magic Egg.”
3. Alice is the tallest girl in our school.
N, who/whom/which...,
非限定用法(又稱為補述用法)的關係子句，用來
對指稱對象已經明確的先行詞加以補充說明，通
常前後有逗點隔開。關係子句的關係代名詞不可
用that，也不可以省略。
Boba tea, which is also known by “pearl milk tea,” is a shaken mixture of tea,
先行詞
非限定關係子句
milk, sugar and tapioca balls.
The most eye-catching Taiwanese export might be the “Magic Egg,” which
先行詞
is popular in Japan, China, the United States, and Europe.
非限定關係子句
My sister, who lives in Taipei, will come here tomorrow.
先行詞 非限定關係子句
The young man, whom I met at the train station, was very handsome.
先行詞
非限定關係子句
see/watch/hear/listen to + O + V/V-ing
這個句型為感官動詞如see、watch、hear和listen
to的用法。感官動詞後面接受詞時，若該受詞為
主動發出動作者，受詞後面接原形動詞或現在分
詞(V-ing)作受詞補語。
1. Lucy watched her in the kitchen cook/cooking
traditional dishes of turkey and pumpkin pie.
2. I heard a dog bark/barking loudly last night.
S + V1..., V2-ing....
對等連接詞and所連接的兩個子句的主詞相同時，可省略
and及其後子句的主詞，並將其後的主動動詞改為現在分
詞(V-ing)，以形成「分詞構句」，用來表示兩個動作發
生的順序關係或附帶說明事情。
1. Lucy got in a taxi, and she asked the driver what was
happening.
→ Lucy got in a taxi, asking the driver what was
happening. (表後續動作)
2. Cindy wrote Tim a letter, and she thanked him for his
help.
→ Cindy wrote Tim a letter, thanking him for his help.
(表附帶狀況)
such...that...
→ 這是表結果的副詞子句，表示「如此…以致
於…」之意，形容詞such後接可數或不可數名
詞，而that引導表示「結果」的子句。
1. Ghost Month is an important occasion.
Businesses often offer food and burn “ghost money” for good
fortune.
→ Ghost Month is such an important occasion that businesses
often offer food and burn “ghost money” for good fortune.
2. Halloween today is a happy festival.
Even adults often have parties on this night.
→ Halloween today is such a happy festival that even
adults often have parties on this night.
It + be + said/believed/considered + (that) S + V....
→ S + be + said/believed/considered + to V....
→ 本句型用以表示「不是很精確的推論或看」，中文譯
為「據說…；據信…」。it在句中為虛主詞，代替that子
句；此外，that子句的主詞也可以提前作為整個句子的主
詞。
1. It is believed that the Gate of Hell is opened on the first day of
Ghost Month.
→ The Gate of Hell is believed to be opened on the first day of
Ghost Month.
2. It is considered that Halloween is a time for kids and adults to
enjoy themselves.
→ Halloween is considered to be a time for kids and adults to
enjoy themselves.
...and S + Aux/be, too.
→ ...and so + Aux/be + S....and S + Aux/be not(...), either.
→ ...and neither + Aux/be +S(...).
→ 此句型介紹 「也」 的肯定子句代換，
以及not...either「也不」的否定子句代換用法。
需注意的是，neither和so放句首時，
其後的主詞和動詞需倒裝。
1. I know you’re interested in traditional festivals, and I
am, too.
→ I know you’re interested in traditional festivals, and
so am I.
2. Although I just mentioned “beehive” and “rocket,”
there aren’t any beehives, and there are not any
rockets, either.
→ Although I just mentioned “beehive” and “rocket,”
there aren’t any beehives,
and neither are there any rockets.
as soon as→ 為表「時間」的從屬連接詞， 用
以連接兩個發生時間點相當接近 的子句， 表示
「一…就…」。
1. As soon as they are lit, they shoot out and
explode in all directions at once.
2. We’ll send the tickets to you as soon as we
get them.
N + who/which/that + be Vpp...
→ N + Vpp...
→ 限定用法關係子句的關係代名詞及動詞可省略，
以形成過去分詞片語，修飾前面的名詞。
1. I have a French friend who/that is named
Louis.
→ I have a French friend named Louis.
2. The cup which/that was broken by Tommy
was expensive.
→ The cup broken by Tommy was expensive.
Tag Question→ 附加問句(Tag Question)是附加於句子
後面的簡短問句，說話者用以徵求聽 話者對其言詞的認
同或肯定，以逗點隔開。附加問句的形成主要有四項基
本原則:
1. 附加問句中的主詞須為代名詞， 並須與主要子句中的
主詞一致。
2. 附加問句中的動詞須與主要子句中的動詞一致。主要
子句若用be動詞，附加問句裡也要用be動詞；主要子
句若用一般動詞或含助動詞，附加問句裡要用助動
詞。
3. 附加問句的動詞時態須與主要子句的時態一致
4. 肯定的主要子句須搭配否定的附加問句；否定的主要
子句須搭配肯定的附 加問句
1. Then you don’t want to talk on the telephone,
do you?
2. But you asked me to call you, didn’t you?
3. Susan is the most beautiful girl in our class,
isn’t she?
4. You can speak English, can’t you?
5. George and Mary will go on a picnic
tomorrow,
won’t they?
It + takes + O + (time) + to V....
→ 此句型主要是介紹take的用法。
在此句型中，it為虛主詞， 代替後面的不定詞，
而take表「花費」之意， 後面主要接「時間」。
1. He spent some time forming a plan to
motivate the poor people there to clean
up their environment.
→ It took him some time to form a plan to
motivate the poor people there to
clean up their environment.
2. We will spend more than two hours driving
from Taichung to Tainan.
→ It will take us more than two hours to drive
from Taichung to Tainan.
If + S + had (not) Vpp..., S + should/would/could/might (+ not) + have Vpp....
→ 此句型介紹與過去事實相反的假設語氣用法，
表示敘述內容與過去事實不符。
在此句型中，if引導的條件子句要使用「過去完成
式」， 主要子句則需用過去式助動詞， 然後再接
完成式。
1. If it had not been for Lian, the poor people of
Burkina Faso might have remained neglected.
come true.
2. If I had not been stuck in heavy traffic, I would
have been able to get to
school on time.
3. If Ken had had enough money, his dream of
studying in France could have
S + has/have/had + difficulty/trouble/a hard
time + (in) V-ing
→ 本句型旨在表達「在…方面有困難， 難以做
到…」。 注意介系詞經常省略 而直接用動名詞。
1. Although many people have difficulty eating
exotic cuisine, it is diplomatic to take a bite of
whatever is served to you in order not to offend.
2. If you have difficulty swallowing something,
sip tea or a cold drink during your meal.
A + be + Adj-er/more Adj + than + B
→ B + be + less Adj + than + A
→ B + be + not + as Adj as + A
→ 這裡的第一個句型是「A 比B 較為…」， 是形
容詞比較級的用法， 也可以採 反面說法改寫成第
二個劣等比較的句型， 意思為「B 不比 A…」；
此外， 也可 以代換成形容詞原級比較的否定用法，
也就是第三個句型。
Trying a small amount of everything is more
important than filling your plate with a lot of food.
→ Filling your plate with a lot of food is less
important than trying a small amount of
something.
→ Filling your plate with a lot of food is not as
important as trying a small amount of
everything.
S + V (make/find/think/consider...) + it + Adj
(+ for sb) + to V....
→ make, find, think和consider為不完全及物動
詞，接了代替後面不定詞片語 的虛受詞it之後，
必須再接形容詞作其受詞補語， 才能使句意完
整。 此句型中， 真正的受詞是後面的
不定詞片語。
1. My busy work and family life made it difficult for me
to visit her regularly.
2. Lillian found it easy (for her) to ride a bicycle.
3. Chinese people think it rude (for them) to send
others a clock as a gift.
4. As a high school student, Rick considers it important
(for him) to study hard.
S + V + as if + S + were/V-ed....
→ 這個句型是as if引導副詞子句， 表示「與現在
事實相反」的假設語氣， 表達「彷彿， 好像」之
意。 副詞子句中若用be動詞時， 一律用were；
用一般動詞或助動詞時， 一律用過去式。
1. You look as if you were going to attend a
banquet with a king.
2. The boy behaves as if he were an adult.
3. The man is talking loudly in the restaurant as
if he owned the place.
S + Vt (keep/leave/find) + O + OC (Adj)
→ 這個句型中的動詞屬不完全及物動詞。主詞加
上動詞及受詞後，其句意仍不 完整，故受詞後面
須接受詞補語 (形容詞) 作補充說明。
keep ﹑leave表示「使…保持…狀態」，find表示
「發現…處於…狀態」。
1. He does his best to keep himself clean so that
he won’t get sick.
2. We cannot leave this problem alone.
3. I found the baby asleep.
S1 + Aux + not + V1... + until + S2 + V2....
→ until屬連接詞 用來引導副詞子句，接在主要子
句後，主要子句的動詞要用否定，此否定句型中
譯為「…以前不…， 直到…才…」。
1. He does not return home until he has found
enough (water) for his younger brother and
sister.
2. The problem of water shortages will not be
solved until we all take action.
It + be (not) + Adj + that-clause
→ it在本句型中當虛主詞 (或稱形式主詞)，代替
後面的真主詞that 子句本句型用於
「表達事實或發表意見」。
1. It is clear that Shel Silverstein is one of the
best-loved poets in modern American
literature.
2. It is true that Silverstein makes fun of adults in
ways that children find especially interesting.
3. It is not surprising that readers of all ages like
Silverstein’s poetry.
S + has/have + Vpp... + since + S +
was/were/V-ed....
→ 本句型為since的用法，在since的子句中， 動
詞用過去式， 代表動作在 過去時間的起始點；主
要子句則用現在完成式，表示持續到現在的動作
或狀態。
1. Shel Silverstein’s poems have been read and
enjoyed by many Americans since they
were children.
2. Readers have loved Silverstein’s poems since
they were first written.
The more..., the more....
→ 此句型表示「越…， 越…」， 前半部是副詞
子句， 後半部是主要子句， 常見的句構和用法如
下：
1. 「The + 形容詞或副詞的比較級 +S+S/be…,
the…形容詞或副詞的比較級 + S (+ Aux) +V/be，
此用法須注意主句和子句的動詞有時會 被省略
掉。
2. 「The + 形容詞比較級 + 名詞 + S + V ..., the + 形
容詞比較級 +名詞 + S
+ S...」， 此用法須注意名詞單複數的變化是依名詞
的本身可數或不可數而定。
3. 前兩種用法亦可混合搭配。
1. The fatter you were, the more attractive you
were considered to be.
2. The sooner we begin our work, the faster we’ll
get it done.
3. The more exposure to the sun skin has, the
more wrinkles it forms.
4. The harder Jeff studied, the better his grades
became.
S + would rather + V1...than + V2....
→ 此句型表示「寧願…而不要…」，
would rather和than後都需接原形動詞。此外，
如果than後面的動詞在前面已用過， 則可以省
略。
1. Even some people would rather have a
poison, called Botox, injected into their
faces than have wrinkles.
2. The boy would rather play basketball than
(play) baseball after school.
No other + N1 + be + as Adj as + N2
本句型是利用形容詞原級的句型
(...as Adj as...) ，表達出最高級的意思；請注意
no other 後面只能接單數名詞。
1. No other gesture is as common as this one for
saying farewells.
→ This gesture is the most common one for saying
farewells.
2. Perhaps no other gesture is as confusing as this
one.
→ Perhaps this gesture is the most confusing one.
3. No other gesture is as offensive as this one.
→ This gesture is the most offensive one.
N + that-clause (同位語)
在名詞後面加上that子句當同位語，主要是為了
補充說明名詞本身的內容，常和作同位語的that
子句連用的名詞有：belief、hope、thought、
idea、opinion、fact、news、information等。
Most people have the misconception that it was
first used in ancient Rome N
(that子
句，說明misconception的內容)
by the emperor when he wanted to spare
someone's life.
I’m sorry to hear the news that you lost the game
yesterday.
N
(that子句，說明
news的內容)
no/not/never...without + Ving/N...
此為雙重否定的句型，用兩個否定詞來表達肯定
之意，作「無…不…，每…必…」解釋，without
後面須接動名詞或名詞。
1. They never lie on the sand without covering
themselves with oil.
2. No creature in the Great Whale's universe
exists without a purpose.
3. Fish cannot live without water.
Noun Clauses as Subjects or Objects
此句型主要介紹 that 引導的名詞子句，在句子中
作主詞或受詞的用法。
需要注意的是，當 that 引導的名詞子句作受詞時，
that 通常可以省略；
但是若當主詞時，that 則不能省略，且其後的動
詞須用第三人稱單數。
1. That they are bullies is known to everyone.
(Subject)
2.That English is a universal language is true.
(Subject)
3.I hope (that) they will stop fighting and that we
will be able to live happily again.
(Object)
4.You say (that) you’re not only overweight, so
(Object)
perhaps you should accept (that)
you’re a little bit bigger than your friends.
(Object)
more...than...
此為比較級 more...than... 的特殊用法，表示「與
其說是…，不如說是…」 之意。
1. She says I am more well-built than fat.
2. Irene is more an artist than a painter.
S + wish + (that)
S + were/ V-ed….
S + had +Vpp…
S + wish + (that)
wish 後接的 that 子句常用假設語氣，子句的動詞用 were
或過去式動詞時表示「與現在事實相反」；子句的動詞
若用「had + 過去分詞」，則表示「與過去事實相反」。
1. Paul wishes he knew how to make more money.
(Actually, he doesn't know how to make more
money.)
2. I wished (that) I could have dug a hole for myself.
(Actually, I couldn't dig a hole for myself.)
S + Vt (leave/keep/find) + O + OC (Adj/Ving/Vpp)
leave、keep、find 屬不完全及物動詞，受詞後須
再接受詞補語以表達完整意思。受詞補語可以是形
容詞、現在分詞 (表主動狀態) 或過去分詞
(表被動狀態) 。
1. They found a school of people lying on the
beach.
2. I bet I could swallow one whole and keep it
unharmed in my stomach.
3. You shouldn't leave your work half done.
S + should/shouldn't + have Vpp....
此用法表示「過去應該做…卻沒有做」，或是「過
去不應該做…卻做了」，時態上皆指過去發生的事
情。
1. I shouldn't have missed those practices.
(Actually, I missed those practices.)
2. You should have finished your homework last
night. (Actually, you didn't finish your
homework last night.)
can't/couldn't help but + V
can't/couldn't help + Ving
本句型表達「忍不住…，不得不…」的意思，
can't help but 後面須接原形動詞 (V)，而 can't
help 後面則須接動名詞 (Ving)。
1 After graduating from high school, Sparky
couldn't help but continue drawing.
2 The cake is so tasty that I can't help eating one
piece after another.
① S1 + V1 + wh +S2 +V2 ....
間接問句為由疑問詞引導的名詞子句，在句子中可
當動詞或介系詞的受詞。要注意的是，此名詞子句
的語序須為敘述句的語序。
1 A statement of purpose explains why you want to
study a subject at a college or university.
2 It should also include how the program is connected to
your interests and why the program will be useful in
your future career.
3 Do you know when Jack left the office last night?
Subordinating Conjunctions: after, before,
when, while, because, since, although, if...
從屬連接詞，如after、before、when、while、
because、since、although、if等，皆可用來引導
副詞子句。
其引導的副詞子句可置於句首或句尾；置於句首時，
須用逗點將副詞子句和主要子句隔開。
1. Since an SOP is required in applications to
many colleges and universities, it's better to
prepare one early on.
2. If you want to study computer science, avoid
general statements.
3. It also suggests that the applicant would
be a good member of an academic
department because he/she has done
things for his/her school.
4. When an applicant is working on the
SOP,
he/she can make it even stronger by
adding extra details.
5. After getting a bachelor's degree, I am
also considering the option of doing a
master's degree in marketing.
V-ing..., S + V....
此句型介紹由表時間 (as, after, when, as soon as)
或表原因 (because, as, since) 等的副詞子句省略
而來的現在分詞構句，屬主動用法，用來強調「主
動」或「正在進行」的動作。
簡化方式是將副詞子句中的連接詞及主詞省略，並
把子句中的動詞改為現在分詞 (Ving)。
1. After the boy had thanked his father and kissed
his mother, he started off to find the house with
the golden windows.
→ Having thanked his father and kissed his
mother, the boy started off to find the house
with the golden windows.
2. Because Steve had a headache today,
he stayed at home all day long.
→ Having a headache today, Steve stayed
at home all day long.
Vpp..., S + V....
此句型是由表時間或表原因的副詞子句省略的過去
分詞構句，屬被動用法，用來強調「被動」之意；
其簡化方式是省略副詞子句中的連接詞、主詞以及
be 動詞。
1. When the boy was offered a glass of milk and a cake,
he decided to take a rest there.
→ Offered a glass of milk and a cake, the boy decided to
take a rest there.
2. After Lily was told the good news, she couldn't help
but scream with joy.
→ Told the good news, Lily couldn't help but scream
with joy.
whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
本句型介紹複合關係代名詞的用法，複合關係代名
詞相當於「先行詞 + 關係代名詞」，在名詞子句
中可以作主詞、受詞或用來修飾其後的名詞。
1. They have stated that whoever (= anyone
who) was born first in a family usually
developed leadership tendencies early in
life.
2. You can give the flower to whomever (=
anyone whom) you like.
3. Andy is willing to do whatever (= anything
that) his girlfriend asks him to do.
Not until +S1 + V1... + Aux/be + S2 +V2 ....
本句型是介紹not until 的倒裝用法。當until 引導副
詞子句時，其主要子句的動詞要用否定；若將not
until 放在句首，則要改成倒裝句。
The woman could not begin to modify her
behavior until she understood her tendencies.
→ Not until the woman understood her
tendencies could she begin to modify her
behavior.
...as + Adj/Adv + as...→ 本句型是複習形容詞和
副詞的原級比較用法，表示「和…一樣，如同…」
之意。若 as 之前的動詞為 be 動詞時，須接形容
詞；若動詞為一般動詞時，則多用副詞。
1. At first, the team's coach did not give Kevin a
place on the team because he was not as fast as
the other runners.
2. Few people have worked as diligently as Kevin
Lin to achieve their goals.
A + be + Adj-er/more Adj + than + B
→ B + be + less Adj + than + A
→ B + be + not + as Adj as + A
→ 此三個句型是複習形容詞比較級的用法。第一
個句型是表示「A 比 B 較為…」，第二、三個句
型則屬劣等比較，意思為「B 不比 A …」。
Kevin's parents thought that other jobs were
more important than being an athlete.
→ Kevin's parents thought that being an athlete
was less important than other jobs.
→ Kevin's parents thought that being an athlete
was not as important as other jobs.
...N + V-ing/Vpp...
→ 此句型為限定關係子句簡化而來的分詞片語用
法。
關係子句表主動時，可將關係代名詞省略，再將動
詞改成現在分詞；
若關係子句表進行時，則可直接將關係代名詞和
be動詞省略，保留現在分詞即可；
此外，若關係子句表被動，便將關係代名詞和be
動詞省略，保留過去分詞。
1. I mean the Jack who works in the bakery.
→ I mean the Jack working in the bakery.
2. The Jack who lived near a field became
Jack Field.
→ The Jack living near a field became Jack
Field.
3. As a result, numerous men who were
named Jack might end up living in the
same area.
→ As a result, numerous men named Jack
might end up living in the same area.
...times (倍數) + as + Adj/Adv + as......times (倍
數) + Adj-er/Adv-er + than...
→ 這兩個句型用以表示「倍數」關係，為「比…
多或大幾倍」之意，形成方式是在原級"as +
Adj/Adv + as" 或是比較級"Adj-er/Adv-er + than"之
前加上倍數詞。
1. Over time, however, these small villages grew
several times larger than they had been before.
2. A man who was two times as tall as other men
might be known as Jack the long fellow.
There be + N + V-ing/Vpp....
→ 此句型的分詞是由關係子句簡化而來，
用現在分詞表示「主動或進行」，
用過去分詞表示「被動」。
1. There is evidence that suggests that it dates back to
medieval France.
→ There is evidence suggesting that it dates back to
medieval France.
2. There are always some people who refuse to get into
the spirit of things.
→ There are always some people refusing to get into the
spirit of things.
3. Fortunately, there was no one who was injured in the
crash.
2. with + O + OC (Adj/V-ing/Vpp)→
此句型表示附帶狀況的獨立分詞構句，後面的受詞
補語主要有形容詞、現在分詞 (表主動或進行) 和
過去分詞 (表被動)。
1. People were very excited and gathered around
the airfield with their cameras ready.
2. With all the cars jamming the roads on the way
to the airfield, they had been forced to send
officers to direct the traffic there.
3. We watched the movie with our cell phones
turned off.
as soon as
→ as soon as 用於連接兩個發生時間點相當
接近的子句，表示「一…就…」。
1. As soon as the boy returned, he handed
the innkeeper a note.
2. Call me as soon as you arrive at home.
Upon/On + V-ing..., S + V....
→ upon 和 on 用於連接兩個發生時間點相當接近
的動作，表示「當…的時候」、「一…就…」。
由於 upon 引導的片語會省略主詞，使用時須注意
兩個動作的主詞必須相同。
1. Upon putting the good silverware and two
silver candlesticks on the table, he said to me,
“This is Christ's house. Everything in this
house is yours.”
2. On finishing his homework, Jack started to play
some video games.
...N, who/whom/which/whose...
→ 非限定用法的關係子句主要是用來補充說明先
行詞，在此句型中，先行詞若為人，關係代名詞須
用 who (主格)、whom (受格) 或 whose (所有格)；
先行詞若為事物，則關係代名詞要用 which (主格
／受格) 或 whose (所有格)。
此外，關係代名詞前面要用逗點 (,) 與先行詞隔
開，且關係代名詞 that 不可用於此句型。
1. Two of the children had a dream, which
was to pursue their love of art.
2. These are actually Albert Durer's hands,
which Albrecht drew to pay tribute to his
brother.
3. My sister, who lives in the United States,
will come to visit me next week.
4. The girl in pink, whom I met on the bus,
was very pretty.
...N, part(s)/some/many... + of + which/whom...
→ 在非限定的關係子句中，可以用此句型結構；
在此結構中，介系詞通常用 of，關係代名詞用
which 或 whom，除了名詞 (如 part) 外，介系詞前
還可以用不定代名詞 (如 some、many、both、
each、all、neither、none、several 等)。
1. The loser, meanwhile, would work in the mines
to earn money, all of which would be used to
support his brother's studies.
2. Albrecht created etchings, woodcuts, and
oil paintings, many of which became
immediate successes.
3. Look at my fingers, all of which have had
their delicate bones smashed.
If + S1 + were/V1-ed/Aux V1..., S2 +
would/could/should/might + V2....
→ 此句型是複習「與現在事實相反」的假設語氣
用法，表示敘述內容與現在事實不符合，或是不可
能實現的願望。在此句型中，若 if 子句的動詞為
be 動詞，不管主詞為何，一律用were ，主要子句
則須要用過去式的助動詞，再加上原形動詞。
1. If there were not so much controversy
surrounding this issue, all children would be
tagged already.
2. If Mary came to my house, I would cook her a
big meal.
If + S + had Vpp..., S +
should/would/could/might + have Vpp....
→ 此句型複習「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣用
法，表示敘述內容與過去事實不符。在此句型中，
if 引導的條件子句要用過去完成式，主要子句則須
用過去式的助動詞，再接完成式。
1. If it had not been for pets, people probably
would not have thought of the idea of tagging
children with chips.
2. If you had spent more time preparing for the
exam, you would not have failed your English
test.
It seems that + S + V....
→ S + seem(s) to + V....
→ 此句型用以描述「不確定的推論或看法」，表
示「似乎…」。seem 後可接that 子句或不定詞，
兩種用法可以作代換；代換時，請注意主詞與動詞
的變化。
In fact, it seems that most people think the “warming”
means “giving a nice, friendly feeling to the new
house.”
→ In fact, most people seem to think the “warming”
means “giving a nice, friendly feeling to the new
house.”
It seemed that + S + had Vpp....
→ S + seemed to + have Vpp....
→ 此句型是用來描述「對過去事件不確定的推論
或看法」，也表示「似乎…」。但此處that 子句與
不定詞用完成式，來表達比主動詞更早發生的動作。
1. It seemed that the devil had hidden in the
unrisen bread.
→ The devil seemed to have hidden in the
unrisen bread.
2. It seemed that Paul had been ill for a long time.
→ Paul seemed to have been ill for a long time.
S + V... + in order to/so as to + V....
→ in order to 和 so as to 皆表示「為了…」，後
接表達目的之原形動詞片語，用來強調主詞所做的
動作是為了達到某結果或目的。
否定式為：in order not to 和 so as not to。
1. I once had a classmate at school who always
accused me of things in order to insult and
upset me.
2. Molly closed the door in order not to be
disturbed.
3. We turned the TV down so as not to wake up
the sleeping baby.
S + V... + so that + S + Aux + V....
→ so that 表示「為了…，以便…」之意，前後各
接一個有因果關係的子句，用以強調前面子句中主
詞所做的動作是為了可以達成後面子句的「目的」
或「結果」。
1. You must listen, even when it hurts, so that you
can learn from it.
2. I simply vowed to work twice as hard so that I
would succeed, regardless of these challenges.