Culture Difference between English and Chinese

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Transcript Culture Difference between English and Chinese

Cultural Difference between
English and Chinese
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Definition of culture
文化背景上的不同
风俗上的不同
联想上的不同
制度、信仰和世界观不 同
社交礼节
翻译方法
Culture (1)
• The New World Encyclopedia
• "It is the totality of the spiritual,intellectual,
and artistic attitudes shared by a group,
including its tradition, habits, social
customs,morals,laws,and social
relations, Sociologically,every society,
on every level, has its culture;the term
has no implications of high development."
Culture (2)
• "……翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们全说:
他必须掌握两种语言,确实如此;但是,不了解语言当中
的社会文化,谁也无法真正掌握语言。"
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———— 王佐良 《翻译中的文化比较》, 1984.1.《翻译通讯》
• "翻译中对原文意思的理解,远远不是单纯的语言理解问
题。语言是文化的组成部分,它受着文化的影响和制
约。……在翻译过程中,译者对某段文字理解的正确与否,
在很大程度上取决于他对有关文化的了解。……对于译者
来说,没有两种文化的对比知识,就无从谈起对语言文字
的正确理解与表达。"
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———— 谭载喜
Culture (3)
• Learning a language is a kind of learning
the culture and habit of the country where
the language is spoken.
文化背景 (1)
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骨瘦如柴
be as lean as a rake
对牛弹琴
to cast pearls before swine
滚石不生苔a rolling stone gathers no mass
众人拾柴火焰高many hands make light
work.
• 竹篮打水一场空drawing water in a
bamboo basket means drawing nothing.
文化背景 (2)
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Hoist your sail when the wind is fair.
好风快扬帆
Still waters run deep.静水流深
In a calm sea, every man is a pilot.海面平
静,人人都可当舵手。
• A small leak will sink a great ship.小洞不堵
要沉大船。
风俗上的不同(1)
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You are a lucky dog.
你是一个幸运儿。
Every dog has his day.
凡人皆有得意日。
Old dog will not learn new tricks.
老人学不了新东西。
sick as a dog
dog-tired
风俗上的不同(2)
• 天生有福
• 俄国人:“穿着衬衣生下来的”
• 英国人:“生来嘴里就含着一把银勺”(born with a
silver spoon in one’s mouth)
• 德国人:“梳好了头才出世的”
• “一箭双雕”或 “一举两得”
• 法语:“一块石头打两处”
• 英文:“一石打死二鸟”(to kill two birds with one
stone)
• 俄语:“一枪打死两只免子”
• 德语:“一个拍子打两只苍蝇”
联想上的不同(1)
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Mr. White is a very white man.
He was looking rather green the other day.
He has been feeling blue today.
When I saw him, he was in a brown mood.
I hope he'll soon be in the pink again.
联想上的不同(2)
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山中无老虎,猴子称霸王
In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
如鱼得水
like a duck to water
多如牛毛
as plentiful as blackberries
一箭之遥
at stone’s throw
水中捞月
to fish in the air
石沉大海
remain a dead letter
半瓶子醋
half-baked
蠢得象猪
as stupid as a goose
联想上的不同(3)
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守口如瓶
挥金如土
烂醉如泥
画蛇添足
热锅上的蚂蚁
湿得像落汤鸡
瘦得象猴子
吹牛
如履薄冰
棋逢对手
挂羊头卖狗肉
dumb as an oyster
to spend money like water
drunk as a sailor
gild the lily
like a cat on a hot tin roof
as wet as a drowned rat
as thin as a shadow
talk horse
to tread upon eggs
diamond cut diamond
cry up wine and sell vinegar
制度、信仰和世界观不同
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关于颜色词语的理解
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
White
Black
Red (1)
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红旗 red flag
红糖 brown sugar
红茶 black tea
红榜 honor roll
红豆 love pea
红运 good luck
红利 dividend
红事 wedding
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red wine 红酒
red ruin 火灾
red battle 血战
red sky 彩霞
Red (2)
• 贾宝玉神游太虚境,警幻仙曲演红楼梦。
• Jiao Baoyu visits the Land of Illusion;
• And the fairy Disenchantment performs the
Dream of Golden Days.
• 贾宝玉品茶栊翠庵,刘姥姥醉窝怡红院。
• Jia Baoyu tastes some superior tea at Green
Bower Hermitage;
• And Grannie Liu samples the sleeping
accommodation at Green Delights.
Green (1)
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“嫉妒、眼红”
green with envy
green as jealousy
green-eyed monster
Green (2)
• “钱财、钞票、有经济实力”
• In American political elections the
candidates that win are usually the ones
who have green power backing them.
• 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是
些有财团支持的人物。
Green (3)
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“没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄”
The new typist is green at her job.
刚来的打字员是个生手。
You cannot expect Mary to do business
with such people. She is only eighteen and
as green as grass.
• 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意,她只
有十八岁,还毫无经验。
Yellow (1)
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“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”
a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人
a yellow livered 胆小鬼
He is too yellow to stand up and fight.
他太软弱,不敢起来斗争。
Yellow (2)
• 特定颜色
• Yellow Pages 黄页 (电话号码簿,用黄纸
印刷)
• Yellow Book 黄皮书 (法国等国家的政府
报告,用黄封面装帧)
• yellow boy (俗)金币
Yellow (3)
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象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵
pornographic(色情的)
vulgar(庸俗下流的)
obscene(猥亵的)
blue jokes(下流的玩笑)
blue films(黄色电影)
Blue (1)
• “情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”
• They felt rather blue after the failure in the
football match.
• 球赛踢输了,他们感到有些沮丧。
• ——She looks blue today. What’s the matter
with her?
• ——She is in holiday blue.
• 她今天显得闷闷不乐,出了什么事情?
• 她得了假期忧郁症。
Blue (2)
• “黄色的”、“下流的”
• blue talk 下流的言论
• blue video 黄色录像
Blue (3)
• 社会地位高、出身名门的意义,如blue
blood(贵族血统)
• others
• out of blue 意想不到
• once in a blue 千载难逢
• drink till all’s blue 一醉方休
White (1)
• 英语中的white有时表达的含义,与汉语中
的“白色”没有什么关系
• a white lie 善意的谎言
• the white coffee 牛奶咖啡
• white man 善良的人,有教养的人
• white-livered 怯懦的
• white elephant 昂贵又无用之物
White (2)
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汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组,实际
上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么
联系,而是表达另外的含义
白开水 plain boiled water
白菜 Chinese cabbage
白字 wrongly written or mispronounced
character
白搭 no use
白费事 all in vain
Black (1)
• 象征气愤和恼怒
• black in the face 脸色铁青
• to look black at someone 怒目而视
Black (2)
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“阴险”、“邪恶”
黑心 evil mind
backstage manipulator黑幕
inside story黑线
a sinister line black sheep 害群之马
black day 凶日
black future 暗淡的前途
Others (1)
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历史方面:
to raise to the purple升为红衣主教
to be born in the purple 生于帝王之家
to marry into the purple 与皇室或贵族联姻
Others (2)
• 社会方面:
• blue-collar workers 蓝领阶层,指普通体力劳动
者
• grey-collar workers 灰领阶层,指服务行业的职
员
• white-collar workers 白领阶层,指接受过专门技
术教育的脑力劳动者
• pink-collar workers 粉领阶层,指职业妇女群体
• golden-collar personnel 金领阶层,指既有专业
技能又懂管理和营销的人才
Others (3)
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经济方面:
red ink 赤字
in the black 盈利
white goods 白色货物,指冰箱、洗衣机等
外壳为白色的家电产品
• brown goods 棕色货物,指电视、录音机、
音响等外壳为棕色的电子产品
社交礼节上的不同(1)
– 你辛苦了
• You must have had a tiring journey. You
must be tired from a long trip?
• Well done! That was a hard job. You’ve
got a hard job.
社交礼节上的不同(2)
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饭桶
good- for-nothing
吃不开
be unpopular
吃不了兜着走 land oneself in serious trouble
吃不消
be unable to stand
吃不住
be unable to bear or support
吃老本
live off one's past gains
吃软不吃硬
be open to persuasion but not to coercion
吃闲饭
lead an idle life
吃香
be very popular
He has taken the bread out of my mouth.
他砸了我的饭碗
翻译方法
• 直译
• 意译
• 其他
直译(1)
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Easy come, easy go.
来得容易,去得快
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧
Example is better than precept.
身教胜于言传
直译(2)
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All roads lead to Rome.
条条大道通罗马
雪中送炭
to offer fuel in snowy weather
一人得道,鸡犬升天
even the dog swaggers when its master win
favor
• “瓜田李下” “瓜田不纳履,李下不整冠”
• Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch,nor
your hat under a plum tree。
意译(1)
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When in Rome,do as the Romans do.
“入乡随俗” “到什么山,唱什么歌”
望子成龙
to expect one’s son to become an outstanding
personage
a cat on hot bricks
热锅上的蚂蚁
天有不测风云
Something unexpected may happen any time.
意译(2)
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Achilles’ heel
“阿克勒斯的脚后跟”
“唯一致命的弱点”更恰当。
The dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone.
你说别人坏话,他也会说你的坏活。
We still love each other very much ,but we fight
like cat and dog.
• “我们常吵吵闹闹,但仍很相爱。”