Transcript Slide 1

DOES
THE
GlobalWHERE
development
of aquaculture:
MONEY COME
FROM?
challenges
and opportunities
3er Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura: La
Acuacultura: un alterrnativa para la alimentación
Mexico City, 25 – 26 November 2013
Dr Lahsen Ababouch
Director, Policy and economics Division
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Food and Agriculture Organization
Rome, Italy
WELCOME TO
FAO
THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
Sustainable management and
Eradicate hunger, food
utilization of natural resources
insecurity and malnutrition
Eliminate rural poverty through
socio-economic development
Global Goals
Eradicate hunger, food
insecurity and malnutrition
SO1: Contribute
to the
eradication of
hunger, food
insecurity and
malnutrition
SO 2: Increase and
improve provision of
goods and services from
agriculture, forestry and
fisheries in a sustainable
manner
Organizational
Outcomes
Outputs
Outputs
Organizational
Outcomes
Outputs
SO 3: Reduce rural poverty
Organizational
Outcomes
Outputs
Sustainable management
and utilization of natural
resources
Elimination of poverty through
economic and social progress for all
Outputs
Outputs
SO 4: Enable more
inclusive and
efficient agricultural
and food systems at
local, national and
international levels
Organizational
Outcomes
Outputs
Outputs
SO 5: Increase the
resilience of
livelihoods to threats
and crises
Organizational
Outcomes
Outputs
Outputs
Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the
cross-cutting themes: gender and governance
Information Technology
FAO Governance,
oversight and direction
Organizational
Outcome indicators to
measure changes
produced from the use
of FAO outputs,
among others
Output indicators
for monitoring FAO
deliverables
Enabling functions
for improved
corporate
performance
monitored by
key performance
indicators
FAO Enabling Environment
Outreach
Development
outcome indicators for
monitoring progress,
which measure the
long term effects to
which OOs contribute
Efficient and effective
administration
4
4
HOW DO WE GET
THE JOB DONE?
Putting
information
within reach
Sharing
policy
expertise
Providing a
meeting
place for
nations
Bringing
knowledge
to the field
Producing food and
providing nutrition
Fishery production and utilization
Fish production
Per capita fish supply (kg)
(million tonnes live weight)
180
20.0
Aquaculture for human consumption
160
140
Capture for human consumption
18.0
Non-food uses
16.0
Per capita food fish supply
14.0
120
12.0
100
10.0
80
8.0
60
6.0
40
4.0
20
2.0
0
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2012
Contribution of fish to human diet (2009)
16.5
WORLD
24.2
LIFDC's
7.0
Latin America & Caribbean
7.4
Northern America
11.0
Oceania
11.6
Europe
19.3
Africa
22.6
Asia
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake
25.0
Fish:
Informati
on
A complete nutrient package
• Major source of animal proteins and
micronutrients for many coastal populations
• Unique source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids
(DHA, EPA) for optimal brain development and
the prevention of coronary heart disease
• Unique & complete source of micronutrients
(calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, selenium,...)
• Source of vitamins (A, D, B group)generally
scarce in rural diets
Fish:
Informati
on
Examples of the importance of micronutrients
Micronutrient
deficiency
Level of micronutrient
in 100 g edible part
Recommended
daily intake for
children:
250 million preschool
children are vitamin A
deficient
Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;
> 2 500 µg RAE in 100 g Mola
(Amblypharyngodon mola)
500 µg RAE
54 countries are still
iodine-deficient
Seafood nearly the only natural food source of
iodine;
250 µg iodine in 100 g Cod (Gadhus morhua)
120 µg
Iron deficiency affects
about 2 billion people
Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;
45 mg iron in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus
longimanus)
8.9 mg
800 000 child deaths
per year are
attributable to zinc
deficiency
Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;
20 mg zinc in 100 g
Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus)
3.7 mg
Generating employment
and adding value
Utilization of world fisheries production (1961-2008)
Million tonnes (live weight)
Non-food purposes
160
140
Canning
120
100
Curing
80
60
40
Freezing
20
0
1961
1967
1973
1979
1985
1991
1997
2003 2008
Marketing as fresh
produce
Socio-Economic importance of the fish and seafood value chain
Estimated Total Value 818 US $ billion in 2008
Fisheries
US $ 100 billion
Aquaculture
US $ 98 billion
13
Primary
processing
Secondary
processing
US $ 90
billion
US $ 180
billion
Distribution
US $ 350
billion
Employment in fisheries and aquaculture:
- 54.2 million persons in fisheries and aquaculture 2010
- 195 million along the value chain- 660 - 880 million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods
Employment & Livelihoods
Social Aspects - Employment
• An Example from Thai
shrimp sector in 2007:
– Highly diverse
– Many opportunities
– Many people are
involved
Enabling trade
Export of fish and seafood: 1976 – 2012 (US $ billion)
140
Developed countries
Developing countries
120
100
Billions of US$
80
60
40
20
0
Source: GTIS ® (2012)
Net exports of developing countries
US$ billion
30
20
10
1990
2000
0
2010
Moderately
exploited
-10
-20
Milk
Meat
Rice
Tobacco
Tea
Banana Sugar
Cocoa Natural Coffee
Rubber
Fish
Development of
Aquaculture
Fishery production and utilization
million tonnes live weight
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
2011: 62.7 million tonnes
2012: 66.3 million tonnes
2013: 69.9 million tonnes
10
0
1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
2012: estimate; 2013: forecast
Surpass by 2015
Million tonnes (live weight)
120
Total capture
100
80
Capture for human consumption
60
Aquaculture
40
20
0
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Aquaculture vs agriculture
Fruit
2002-2011
Milk
Eggs
1992-2001
Meat
Cereals
1982-1991
Vegetables
1972-1981
Aquaculture
0
2
4
6
8
10
Annual growth rate %
12
Aquaculture vs meat
Annual growth rate %
12
10
8
Aquaculture
6
Poultry Meat
4
Sheep and Goat
2
Beef and Buffalo
Meat
0
1972-1981
1982-1991
1992-2001
2002-2011
Aquaculture production
Americas,
Europe,
Africa, and
Oceania
Combined. 9%
[Million Tonnes]
80
70
60
50
40
Asia
91%
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
China
61%
Aquaculture Fish Production (2003-2010)
Source: FAO (2010)
Shrimp aquaculture Production (1991-2010)
4.0
3.5
Millions of metric tonnes
3.0
2.5
Other
Africa/Middle East
India & Bangladesh
2.0
Americas
China
Southeast Asia
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: FAO (2010)
World production of bivalves by species
Million tonnes
16
Mussels
12
Scallops,
pectens
8
Oysters
4
0
1950
Clams,
cockles,
arkshells
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
World production of bivalves by species
Oysters
Mussels
Aquaculture
Capture
Clams, cockles, arkshells
Scallops, pectens
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Main producing countries (2010)
Source: FAO (2010)
Current and Future Drivers for
Aquaculture Development
 Demographic growth
 Enlargement of the middle class
 Increasing fish demand
 Stagnation of production from capture
fisheries
 Investment in innovations (feed, breeding,
genetics, bio-security)
 Political commitment to introduce investment
promotion policies and processes
Evolution de la classe moyenne million (%) (OECD, 2010)
2009
2020
2030
North America
338 (18%)
333 (10%)
322 (7%)
Europe
664 (36%)
703 (22%)
680 (14%)
Central and
South America
181 (10%)
251 (8%)
313 (6%)
Asia and
Pacific
525 (28%)
740 (54%)
3228 (66%)
Sub Saharian
Africa
32 (2%)
57 (2%)
107 (2%)
Middle east
and North
Africa
105 (6%)
165 (5%)
234 (5%)
Total World
1845 (100%)
3249 (100%)
4484 (100%)
Growth rate of fish production by
decades
Least-squares growth rate (%)
12
10
8
1981-1990
6
1991-2000
4
2001-2010
2
2011-2020
0
-2
Source: FAO
Aquaculture
Capture
Perspectives of fish supply
Fish supply (mt)
Millions tonnes
World Fish Production
2010
(baseline)
2030
(projection)
100
90
Aquaculture
59
123
Capture fisheries
88
88
147
211
40 (48 for
human
consumption)
58
80
Capture fisheries
70
60
50
Total supply
40
Aquaculture
30
% of aquaculture:
20
10
Source: Estimation of FI Department
1950
1960
1970
Source: FAO FISHSTAT
1980
1990
2000
2010
Risks
• Increased risks of diseases and of international
pathogen transfer
• Increased competition for water, land and
oceans
• Environment pollution from nutrient
dispersion, genetic interactions and
biodiversity impacts
• Feed availability and price
• Carbon footprints and sustainability
• Climate change
Fishmeal and Fish oil
Higher prices
USD/tonne
2500
El Niño
Fish oil
2000
1500
Fishmeal
1000
500
0
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Fishmeal production
Million tonnes (product weight)
8
7
6
5
From fish by-products
4
3
El niño
2
From whole fish
1
El Niño
0
1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022
Examples of FAO’s work to tackle the
challenges
• Normative work
• Technical assistance
• Global Blue Growth
Initiative (GAAP)
FAO SubCommittee on Aquaculture
(3rd Session. New Delhi, India, 2006)
• Expressed concern over the emergence of a wide range
of certification schemes and their cost/benefit value
• recognized the need for globally accepted norms for
aquaculture production to serve:
1. as a basis for improved harmonization and
2. to facilitate mutual recognition and equivalence of such
certification schemes;
• Requested FAO to:
1. convene Expert Workshop (s) and
2. to play a lead role in facilitating the development of
guidelines for certification in aquaculture
Process
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
COFI-SC: AQ/III – 8-12 September 2006 – New Delhi, India
January 2007: Secretariat, Advisory Group, E-mail recipient list, Website
Bangkok Workshop – February 2007
Guidelines - Draft 1
Fortaleza Workshop – September 2007 Guidelines - Draft 2
Cochin, India meeting – November 2007
London meeting – February 2008
Guidelines - Draft 3
Silver Spring, Washington D.C meeting – May 2008
Beijing meeting – May 2008
Guidelines - Draft 4
COFI/AQ/IV – 6-10 October 2008 – Puerta Varas, Chile
28th Session of COFI, 2 – 6 March 2009, Rome, Italy
Comments by members - January 2009 Guidelines Draft 5
Technical consultation March 2010
Guidelines Draft 6
5th Session of COFI: SC on Aquaculture, Phuket, June 2010
29th Session of COFI, Rome, January 2011 Final Guidelines
6th Session of COFI: SC on aquaculture, Cape Town, South Africa, March
2012
Update on implementation
Guidelines for aquaculture certification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Background
Scope
Terms and Definitions
Users
Application
6.
7.
Principles
Minimum Substantive Criteria
7.1 Animal Health and Welfare (OIE)
7.2 Food Safety
7.3 Environmental Integrity
7.4 Social Responsibility
Institutional and procedural requirements
8.1 Governance
8.2 Standards Setting
8.3 Accreditation
8.4 Certification
Implementation
http://www.fao.org/fishery/about/cofi/aquaculture/en
8.
9.
Samalanga Cluster
41
FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun
2010
Economics (US$ per ha)
Gross Revenue
increased by 14%
Profit Doubled
over the year
42
Progress: 2007-2009
Villages
Farmers
Ha
43
2007
2008
2009
2010
11
34
84
93
47
260
1100
2656
22
184
1027
2442
FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun
2010
Development
(Africa Regional)
Development of African
aquaculture through
policy assistance,
aquaculture service and
technology provision,
commercial seed and
feed development, and
strengthening aquatic
biosecurity
Support to Europe
(Europe Regional)
Technical assistance for
aquaculture production
for appropriate countries
based on the new EU
guidelines on
aquaculture
development
Sustainable Production
(Gulf Region-Near East)
Capacity Development
(Central Asia Regional)
Networking and legal and
institutional strengthening
towards increasing aquatic
production through sustainable
aquaculture
Intensification
(Asia Regional)
Establishing aquaculture in
Central Asia through policy
and legal assistance and
institutional and human
capacity development
Sustainable
intensification of
aquaculture in Asia
with focus on social,
economic,
environmental and
climate change
aspects
Diversification
(Latin America
Regional)
Establishing
Aquaculture
(SIDS-South Pacific)
Sustainable diversification
of aquaculture in Latin
America through
implementation of IMTA
and EAA concepts,
improving sustainability of
tilapia, shrimp and salmon
sectors
Technical assistance for
the South-Pacific islands
for assisting establishing
aquaculture through policy,
technology, legal and
institutional strengthening.
South-Pacific sub-regional.
Sustainable Feeds
(Global)
Investment
(Global)
Sourcing sustainable
marine resources and
producing more
innovative marine
resource supplements for
aquaculture feeds
industry
Identifying investment
opportunities in
commercial aquaculture
and assisting financial
agencies to develop
investment programmes in
support of national
development economic
programmes
Global Fund for
Aquaculture
(Global)
Minimising
Environmental Risks
(Global)
Global fund to support
investment in innovations
and start ups to address
key gaps and to provide
bridging and investments
prior to commercial
investment
Potential GEF-6 supported
programme assisting
member countries to reduce
environmental and
biodiversity impacts of
aquaculture in shared water
bodies
Technical Assistance
(Global)
Improving knowledge and
building capacity at
national levels in specific
key priority technical
areas
45
Global Aquaculture Advancement Programme
Diversification - Latin America Regional
Diversification
(Latin America Regional)
Sustainable diversification of aquaculture
in Latin America through implementation
of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving
sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon
sectors
Support not sure?
46
Sustainable Feeds
(Global)
Investment
(Global)
Sourcing sustainable marine resources and
producing more innovative marine resource
supplements for aquaculture feeds industry
Identifying investment
opportunities in commercial
aquaculture and assisting
financial agencies to develop
investment programmes in
support of national
development economic
programmes
Minimising Environmental Risks
(Global)
Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting
member countries to reduce environmental and
biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water
bodies
Global Fund for Aquaculture
(Global)
Global fund to support investment in innovations and
start ups to address key gaps and to provide
bridging and investments prior to commercial
investment
Technical Assistance
(Global)
Improving knowledge and
building capacity at national
levels in specific key priority
technical areas
!ً‫شكرا‬
谢谢!
Thank you!
Merci!
Gracias!
Спасибо!
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