Transcript Document

Exporting to USA
Phytosanitary Requirements
Lindi Benic´
Manager: Trade/ Market Access Affairs
DFPT- Research / South African Table Grape Industry (SATI)
Overview – Past and Present

May 2002 – USDA-APHIS, DoA, Plant Health (PH); industry meeting, focus re: pre-clearance matters
re: USA Special Export Protocols for Deciduous & Citrus
 APHIS concerns/ actions for 2002/03/ future re: high phytosanitary pest interceptions
Maintaining 3-strike principle, including 21 day running average/ 25% rejection limit /1st/ 20%/
2ndyear, & immediate implementatiof MB fumigation or cessation of program

October 2002 - Pome / Table Grape Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) developed/ key pests
(submitted via SAT/ SAAPPA to DPH), as part of 2002/03 USA work plan - to manage above (included
production/ post-harvest pest control & monitoring, pre-filtering inspection by PPECB, prior to USDA-inspection, exporter
self-regulation audit guideline & emergency procedure/ mandatory producer meetings Oct. 02)
 Awareness A4 worksheets & posters/ key phyto. pests printed/ provided to DoA/ PPECB inspectors;
participating growers/ exporters, part of SOP’s
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March 2003 - USDA-APHIS, DoA, PH; industry meeting re: Critical issues/ running average principle/ 03,
 Mealybug rejections/ pome fruit  related ID; survey; MB fumigation projects initiated March 04

September 2003 – USDA-APHIS accepted/ revised Table grape export protocol for 2003/04
 including pre-clearance option/ utilised by organic producers & option for fumigation on arrival/ USA,
without pre-clearance (Process initiated due to difficulty to manage running average re: key phyto. pests)
 Highlights impacts - Phytosanitary non-compliance !!!
USA - Table Grape Exports
Key Requirements 2004 - 2007
2004/ 05 – Table Grape Export
requirements
 USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!!
 Table grape protocol included :
Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation - on arrival/ US port of entry) options
& in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day)
» Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan)
(Pear Leaf roller; Weevil; Fruit fly Mealybug)
» DOA Registration / Pre-clearance option – Organic Table grapes
» Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!!
(organic table grape exports)
» Non-pre-clearance obligatory fumigation option
(self-imposed pre-inspection procedure)
 DOA, PH highlighted APHIS concerns re: phytosanitary pest interceptions over past seasons
 List 6 most common quarantine pest interceptions provided to DOA during bilateral
discussions with APHIS Sept.04 - APHIS requirement for GAP’s for key phytosanitary pests
Most common quarantine pests intercepted on Table
Grapes in SA (October 2000 – September 2003)
[received during bilateral discussions with APHIS, 28/09/2004]
Common name
Banded fruit weevil
Scientific name
No. of interceptions
Phlyctinus callosus
32
Pear leaf roller
Epichoristodes acerbella
20
(Not Apple leaf roller)
(Not Tortrix capensana)
Dusty surface beetle
Gonocephalum simplex
11
Stink bug
Carbula litigatrix
11
Grain cinch bug
Macchiademus diplopterus
7
Dysdercus fasciatus
6
(Vine snout beetle)
(Grain stink bug)
Cotton stainer
Additional quarantine pests intercepted on
Organic Table Grapes in SA in 2005
[USA 2005 - 10 Jan.05 – 24 Feb.05 interception data]
Common name
Scientific name
Coleoptera spp.
No. of interceptions
2
Mediterranean fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata
2
False codling moth
Cryptophlebia leucotreta
1
(Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
Related implications…!!!
 May 2005 - USDA-APHIS, DOA, DPH, industry meeting
~ Focus FCM risk management / citrus, included FCM risk management / table grapes
~ Particularly re: 2004/ 05 pre-cleared organic grape interceptions, including FCM / related need for
system/ GAP requirements, suspension of organic programme/ extended cold- steri for FCM
 Changes to 2005/ 06 SA grape export program - USDA-APHIS letter Sept. 05
 Due to 4 FCM interceptions since 2001 / high interceptions other pests in 04/ 05 pre-clearance program
 APHIS now considers grapes host of FCM - adoption 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly !!!
 Applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes !!!!
~ Organic grape pre-clearance 21 day running average period reduced to 14 days due to unacceptable
insect interceptions during 04/ 05, rejections reached 31.62 % exceeding 20 % - program suspension !!!
 APHIS required SA organic grape producers initiate system/ GAP’s to control key pests intercepted,
re: SA organic grape imports being reinstated
~ Sampling in duplicate
 Highlights critical need to ensure Phytosanitary compliance to avoid related
impacts - other special programs eg. China Table Grape Protocol – 22 day !!!
2005/ 06/ 07 - Export requirements…
 USA special export programme  focus to Maintain Access (non-organic
SA grape exports to USA ) re: organic programme is reinstated !!!!
 Table grape protocol :
Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation option (on arrival in US port of entry)
& in-transit cold-steri  extended 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly,
applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes
 DOA Registration required – Organic Grapes (audit by DOA as part of system)
» Pre-clearance - 14 day running average - organic table grape exports
» USDA-APHIS require GAP protocols for key phyto pests/ FCM concern !!!
» Required system/GAP’s - organic grape exports to be reinstated !!!
» Includes Packhouse requirements to manage certain key pests
» Two Biometric samples for inspection – organic grapes
(i) DoA (ii) DoA/ USDA
2007 - Export requirements…
 Alternate to 22 day non-pre-clearance option requirement submitted to
USDA-APHIS by DoA, PH on behalf of Table Grape Industry  Early 2007
(Written request)
 DOA Registration & Inspection by DoA
» Consignment sampled / inspected by DoA, APIS
 Phytosanitary certificate issued  FCM-free
» Cold-steri - Medfly – 14 day
» Port of Entry Obligatory Fumigation (existing requirements)
 USDA-APHIS – response awaited ex. APHIS
~ DoA (MHolthauzen) confirmed
~ USDA-APHIS letter received by Dr Visser, DoA, PH
~ Requesting info. re: distribution of FCM in North
USA – Pome Fruit Exports
Key Requirements
2004 - 07 – Pome Export requirements
 USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!!
 Pome Fruit protocol includes :
Pre-clearance & in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day)
» Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan)
(Banded fruit weevil/ apples; Grain Cinch Bug/ pears;Cotton Stainers/ pome;Mealybugs/ pome)
» DOA Registration
» Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!!
(Pears – 2007/ running average - 0%/ 100% pass rate; Apples no exports re: fruit size)
GAP Management /Application
Phytosanitary Pests
Mediterranean fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata
USA – ORGANIC TABLE GRAPES
Key phytosanitary pests requiring GAP’s on Table Grapes in SA
(refer GAP documents for further details)
Common name
Scientific name
Banded fruit weevil
Phlyctinus callosus
Pear leaf roller
Epichoristodes acerbella
(Not Apple leaf roller)
(Not Tortrix capensana)
Grapevine mealybug
Planococcus ficus
Fruit flies
(Mediterranean fruit fly & Natal fruit fly)
Ceratitis capitata & Ceratitis rosa
False codling moth
Cryptophlebia leucotreta
(Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
Contaminants
(Grain cinch bug, Cotton stainer, Dusty
surface beetle, Stink bug/ other)
Macchiademus diplopterus, Dysdercus
fasciatus, Gonocephalum simplex, Carbula
litigatrix/ other
CHINA – TABLE GRAPE PROTOCOL
Quarantine pests of concern to China requiring GAP’s
(Annex 1: 1.- 9. - refer relevant GAP documents for details)
Scientific name
Common name
1. Ceratatis capitata
Mediterranean Fruit Fly
2. Ceratitis rosa
Natal fruit fly
3. Frankliniella occidentalis
Western flower thrips
4. Planococcus ficus
Grapevine mealybug
5. Eutypa lata
Eutypa die-back
6. Aleurocanthus woglumi
Citrus blackfly
7. Hemiberlesia rapax
Greedy scale
8. Grapevine Virus A
9. Raglius apicalis
* Cryptophlebia leucotreta
False codling moth (FCM) !!!
USA
Countries
USA
Access status
Maintain access
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

Table grapes (TG)
Pome (apple; pear)
Stone (peach/ nect.;
plum)
Key Phyto. Pests: Medfly;
FCM !!!
•
Phytosanitary
requirements
Sanitary
requirements
Yes
Yes
(PRA/ Protocol)
(Bioterrorism/
MRL/
Food Safety)
Re: Organic Table grapes
APHIS - required GAP’s
Key Phyto. Pests / FCM
concerns !!
•
Pome – SOP’s for Key
Phytosanitary Pests
NB. Related MRL
Compliance –
all export
markets !!!!
CHINA
Countries
China
Access status
Maintain access
Phytosanitary
requirements
Sanitary
requirements
Yes
No
(PRA/ Protocol)

Table grapes
* GAP’s required for 9 Key
pests ….FCM !!!!
Israel
Countries
Access status
Israel
(Orange/ Hex)
Maintain Access
Phytosanitary
requirements
Sanitary
requirements
Yes
No
(PRA/ Protocol)
* GAP/ Plantex Application/
other- Phyllictinus
callosus
General Principles for Pest Management of
Key Phytosanitary Pests
 Apply relevant GAP’s / SOP’s/ other – manage pest thresholds
~ Effective Pest Monitoring (Trapping/ Physical / other)
~ Effective pest managenent - in orchard/ vineyard
~ Effective pest managemet - Packhouse/ during transporation – NB. Hitchhikers/ contaminants
~ Effective sanitation – orchard/ vineyard/ packhouse / other
~ Cultural control – when applicable
~ Apply sound IPM principles where possible
 ENSURE MRL Compliance - Methomyl use !!!  Table grapes/ pears - EU Rapid Alert Notification
 Maintain Records
~ Monitoring / trapping records/ counts
~ Scouting records when threshold levels reached
~ Dates lures/ traps changed
~ Treatments applied – chemical/ other
~ Other

Ensure Traceability
Phytosanitary Research Priorities
 Current Priorities
~ Effect of Methyl bromide fumigation on quality - table grapes; pome
~ Effect of irradiation on quality - table grapes; pome
~ Testing diff. phyto. pests utilising diff. treatments - table grapes; pome
~ Control of pear leaf roller on table grapes
~ Monitoring FCM in table grape regions
~ Survey of chinch bugs in Western Cape orchards (pome)
~ Pest-risk analysis of fruit fly introductions (Bactocera invadens; B. spp.)
& assessment of current fruit fly management practices
THANK YOU
DANKIE