Transcript Slide 1

Elements of
Poetry
Structure
Foot: A
measurable,
patterned
unit of
poetic
rhythm
The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred
Tennyson
On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And through the field the road runs by
To many-towered Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.
Structure
Line: A
separately
arranged
grouping of
feet
The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred
Tennyson
On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And through the field the road runs by
To many-towered Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.
Structure
Couplet:
Two lines
of poetry
with similar
end
rhymes
The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred
Tennyson
On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And through the field the road runs by
To many-towered Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.
Structure
Quatrain: Four
lines of poetry
with similar
end rhymes
Quatrain 2
"ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD"
By Thomas Grey
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,
And all the air a solemn stillness holds,
Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,
And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds:
Structure
Stanza: A
group of
lines
separated
from other
groups of
lines. It is
the poetic
form of a
paragraph.
The Lady Of Shalott by Lord Alfred Tennyson
On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And thro' the field the road runs by
To many-tower'd Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.
Willows whiten, aspens quiver,
Little breezes dusk and shiver
Thro' the wave that runs for ever
By the island in the river
Flowing down to Camelot.
Four gray walls, and four gray towers,
Overlook a space of flowers,
And the silent isle imbowers
The Lady of Shalott.
Stanza 1
Stanza 2
Voice
Tone: The tone of a piece
refers to the writer's
attitude towards the
subject of the piece. It is
the writer’s “tone of voice”
as if he were reading the
piece out loud. The tone
could be:
Happy, sad, joyful, solemn,
silly, frustrated, angry,
puzzled, enthusiastic,
pleading, etc.
Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of ANNABEL LEE;-And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
She was a child and I was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea,
But we loved with a love that was more than
love-I and my Annabel Lee-With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
Coveted her and me.
And this was the reason that, long ago,
In this kingdom by the sea,
A wind blew out of a cloud by night
Chilling my Annabel Lee;
So that her high-born kinsman came
And bore her away from me,
To shut her up in a sepulchre
In this kingdom by the sea.
What is the tone of the poem Annabel Lee?
Wistful
Voice
Irony: Irony occurs
when there is a
difference
between what is
expected
(situational irony)
or said (verbal
irony) and what is
really true.
"I just love
having
someone put
needles and
small power
tools in my
mouth. I wish I
could get
cavities filled
every month."
What type of irony is this statement?
Verbal irony
Imagery
The Fish
by Elizabeth Bishop
Here and there
his brown skin hung in strips
like ancient wall-paper,
and its pattern of darker brown
was like wall-paper:
shapes like full-blown roses
strained and lost through age.
He was speckled with barnacles,
fine rosettes of lime,
and infested
with tiny white sea-lice,
and underneath two or three
rags of green weed hung down.
Visual imagery:
Visual imagery
involves
descriptions of
what something
looks like that are
so vivid they seem
to come to life in
the reader's mind's
as they read.
Imagery
Sound and Sense
by Alexander Pope
Soft is the strain when
Zephyr gently bows,
And the smooth stream in
smoother numbers flow;
But when the loud surges
lash the sounding shore,
The hoarse, rough verse
should like the torrent
roar. . .
Auditory
Imagery:
Descriptions of
sound so vivid
the reader
seems almost
to hear them
while reading
the poem.
Imagery
Root Cellar
by Theodore Roethke
And what a congress of
stinks!—
Roots ripe as old bait,
Pulpy stems, rank, silo-rich,
Leaf-mold, manure, lime,
piled against slippery
planks.
Nothing would give up life:
Even the dirt kept breathing
a small breath. . .
Images of smell:
descriptions of
smells so vivid
they seem
almost to
stimulate the
reader's own
sense of smell
Imagery
The Word Plum
By Helen Chasin
The word plum is delicious
pout and push, luxury of
self-love, and savoring murmur
full in the mouth and falling
like fruit
taut skin
pierced, bitten, provoked into
juice, and tart flesh. . .
Tactile or "physical"
imagery:
descriptions
conveying a strong,
vivid sense of touch
or physical sensation
that the reader can
almost feel himself or
herself while reading.
Figurative language
Simile: a
comparison
between two
unlike things
usually delivered
with the word
"like," "as," or
"so."
She swims like a fish.
He's as hairy as a gorilla.
Peter laughs like a hyena.
Mr. John is as wise as an owl.
Allow me, it's as easy as ABC.
Figurative language
Metaphor: a
figurative analogy
or comparison
between two
things where the
comparison is
indicated directly,
without the use of
the words "like" or
"as“.
He was a tornado, blasting his
way through the opposing team.
He was a lion in the fight.
The moon was a ghostly galleon
tossed upon cloudy seas.
Education is your passport to
satisfying employment.
The truck flew down the empty
highway.
Figurative language
Hyperbole: an
extreme
exaggeration
“There did not seem to be brains
enough in the entire nursery, so to
speak, to bait a fishhook with.”
—Mark Twain, A Connecticut
Yankee in King Arthur's Court
“People moved slowly then. There
was no hurry, for there was nowhere
to go, nothing to buy and no money
to buy it with, nothing to see outside
the boundaries of Maycomb
County.”
—Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird
“Why does a boy who’s fast as a jet
Take all day—and sometimes two—
To get to school?”
—John Ciardi, "Speed Adjustments"
Figurative language
Personification: a
figurative
comparison
endowing
inanimate things
with human
qualities.
April Rain Song
By Langston Hughes
Let the rain kiss you
Let the rain beat upon your head with
silver liquid drops
Let the rain sing you a lullaby
The rain makes still pools on the sidewalk
The rain makes running pools in the gutter
The rain plays a little sleep song on our
roof at night
And I love the rain.
Rhythm
\ U \ U \ U \
Mar y had a lit tle lamb
U
\
U
\
U \
The lamb was white as snow
U
\
U \
U \ U \
And eve ry where that Mar y went
U \
U
\ U \
The lamb was sure to go
\ = stressed
U = unstressed
Meter: The
arrangement of
stressed and
unstressed
syllables into
repeating
patterns within
lines of poetry
Rhythm
U
\
Iambic Foot
Shall I
U
\ U
\
U
\
U \
U
\
Shall I com pare thee to a sum mer’s day?
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
Thou art more love ly and more tem per ate
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
Rough winds do shake the dar ling buds of May
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
U
\
And sum mer’s lease hath all too short a date
Iambic Pentameter
• Iambic Foot is one
short syllable followed
by a long syllable.
• Iambic Pentameter is a
line made up of five
pairs of short/long, or
unstressed/stressed,
syllables
Symbolism
What does this picture symbolize?
Death
Symbolism:
Objects, places,
beings, or
actions that
suggests,
represents, or
"stands for“
something else
Sound
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the
bleak December,
And each separate dying ember
wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow; —
vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of
sorrow—sorrow for the lost
Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden
whom the angels name Lenore—
Nameless here for evermore.
Types of Rhyme:
• End rhyme: the lines of a poem
end with a similar sound
• Rhyme schemes—the pattern of
the rhyme such as ABAB, CDCD,
EFEF, GG for a Shakespearean
Sonnet.
• True rhyme occurs when stressed
syllables in pairs of words contain
the same vowel and consonant
sounds in combination, such as
"dating" and "skating.“
• Slant rhyme, or "near rhyme,"
occurs when the rhyming is close
but not perfect, as in "fort" and "fret,"
or "daisy" and "racy."
• Internal rhyme, is when similar
sounds are found within single lines.
Sound
The Raven
Edgar Allan Poe
"books Surcease of Sorrow—Sorrow
for the lost Lenore,“
“Rare and Radiant maiden whom
the angels name Lenore—
• Alliteration is
the repetition
especially of
consonant
sounds in words
occurring in
close proximity.
Sound
• Assonance involves the repetition of
similar vowel sounds in syllables ending
with different consonant sounds, as in
"roof," "tooth," and "shoot.”
Sound
• Onomatopoeia is
where the sounds
of words suggest
their meaning,
such as in the
words "buzz,"
"crackle," and
"sizzle."