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ADABAS
Little Known Features
Natural Conference in Philadelphia, PA
October 17-20, 2006
Dieter W. Storr
[email protected]
Content
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


ADAM Files
Hyperdescriptors
Coupling
Multi-client Files
October 2006
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2
ADAM
Adabas Direct Access Method
 How it works
 Performance issues


Read access
Write access
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
3
ADAM – How to Create
ADACMP
ADABAS
October 2006
ADAULD
ADAMER
ADALOD
ADAMFILE
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
REPORT
ADABAS
4
ADAM

Measurements and evaluations
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
ADAMPARM
ADAMOFLOW
DSSIZE
I/Os with FINDs and value not found, key values 1 to -99
I/Os with hit rate 100% for ADAM and not ADAM
descriptors
What happened if poor distribution of ADAM key
- Pros and Cons
October 2006
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5
ADAM
October 2006
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6
ADAMER Parameters
ERROR-076, Mandatory parameter
October 2006
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MAXISN
missing
7
ADAMER Parameters
ADAMDE=UQ DE or ISN
 No sub-, super-, hyper-, collation, or
phonetic descriptor
 No MU or PE field
 No variable length field
 No NU defined descriptor
October 2006
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8
ADAMER Parameters
BITRANGE=X,Y,Z
Bit Truncation for ADAM Keys
 X= minimum
 Y = maximum
 Z = incremental
October 2006
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9
ADAMER Parameters
DATASIZE=n1,n2,n3
Data Storage Size for Estimates
 n1= min cylinders
 n2 = max cylinders
 n3 = increments
 For example:
DATASIZE=100,175,25
October 2006
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10
ADAMER LOAD
ADALOD LOAD FILE=xxx
ADALOD ADAMFILE ADAMDE=field | ISN
ADALOD ADAMOFLOW=size
ADALOD ADAMPARM=number | 0
<snip>
October 2006
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11
ADAMER LOAD
16:35:10
***** P R E D I C T 4.3.2 *****
2006-08-22
- Modify Adabas attributes File ID ......... TEST-BROY
Added 2005-02-28 at 13:18
Contained in DA . TEST
by M197/9
PDBnr ........... 200
PFnr ... 168
ADAM descriptor definition
Field ID ........*
Parm .............
Overflow .........
Additional attributes ..*
October 2006
S
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12
ADAMER Disadvantages
ADAM key is not unique
 Determine DS block with ADAM routine
 Search DS block in buffer pool
 DS block is not in buffer pool
 DATA I/O to copy block into buffer pool
 DS block not found
 Access via normal descriptor in ASSO
October 2006
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13
ADAMER Disadvantages
ADAM key is not unique – cont’
 Search ASSO block in buffer pool
 ASSO I/O to copy block into buffer pool
 Found DE with ISN?
 NO: record not found
 YES: read AC and translate ISN to RABN
 AC is normally in buffer pool, no I/O
October 2006
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14
ADAMER Disadvantages
ADAM key is not unique – cont’
 Access to DS overflow area
 DS overflow area not in buffer pool
 DATA I/O to copy block into buffer pool
 Record is ready to be displayed
October 2006
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15
Hyperdescriptors

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How it works
Hyperdescriptor Exits
What Approach
Pros and Cons
October 2006
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16
Hyperdescriptor Exit – Nucleus
ADANUC
HyperDE Exit
ASSO
October 2006
DATA
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17
Hyperdescriptor Exits DDCARD
<snip>
ADARUN DUALPLS=13500
ADARUN FASTPATH=NO
ADARUN FMXIO=16
Assembler routines
located on a
concatenated
ADABAS load
library.
ADARUN HEX01=HYPEX001
ADARUN HEX02=HYPEX002
ADARUN INTNAS=3432
ADARUN LBP=288000000
<snip>
October 2006
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18
Hyperdescriptor Exit – Compress
ADACMP
HyperDE Exit
ADALOD
ASSO
October 2006
DATA
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19
Hyperdescriptor Exits -- ADACMP
DDCARD
<snip>
ADARUN
ADARUN
ADARUN
ADARUN
ADARUN
<snip>
Exit 1 assembler
routine located on a
load library, which is
DBID=919,SVC=254
part of the ADACMP
DEVICE=9990,LP=65535 JCL
PROGRAM=ADACMP
HEX01=HYPEX001
MODE=MULTI
October 2006
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20
Hyperdescriptor Exits – ADACMP
DDKARTE
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
ADACMP
COMPRESS
FNDEF='01,AA,7,A,DE,FI'
FNDEF='01,AB,15,A,DE,MU,NU'
FNDEF='01,GA'
FNDEF='02,AC,15,A,NU'
FNDEF='02,AD,2,P,FI'
FNDEF='02,AE,5,P,NU'
FNDEF='02,AF,6,W'
COLDE='7,Y1=AF'
SUBDE='BB=AA(1,4)'
SUPDE='CC=AA(1,4),AD(1,1)'
HYPDE='1,DD,4,A,MU=AB,AC,AD‘
PHONDE='EE(AA)'
SUBFN='FF=AA(1,2)'
SUPFN='GG=AA(1,4),AD(1,1)'
October 2006
Field AA
Field AB
Group GA
Field AC
Field AD
Field AE
Field AF
Collation descriptor Y1
Subdescriptor BB
Superdescriptor CC
Hyperdescriptor DD
Phonetic descriptor EE
Subfield FF
Superfield GG
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Hyperdescriptor Exit – ADAINV
ADAINV
ADANUC
HyperDE Exit
ASSO
October 2006
DATA
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22
Hyperdescriptor Exits -- ADAINV
DDCARD
<snip>
ADARUN PROGRAM=ADAINV
ADARUN HEX01=HYPEX001
ADARUN MODE=MULTI
<snip>
October 2006
Uses exit located in
ADABAS nucleus
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23
Hyperdescriptor Exits – ADAINV DDKARTE
ADAINV
ADAINV
ADAINV
INVERT FILE=xxx
TEMPSIZE=100,SORTSIZE=50
HYPDE='1,DD,4,A,MU=AB,AC,AD‘
DD is assigned to hyperexit 1
HyperDE DD (A4) consisting of fields
AB,AC and AD
October 2006
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Hyperdescriptor Exit
October 2006
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25
Hyperdescriptor Exit
Input
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Hyperdescriptor Exit
Output
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27
Hyperdescriptor Exit -- Assembler
Example
ADABAS.ADA742.SRCE(USERHX01)
ADABAS.ADA811.SRCE(USERHX01)
000021
000022
000023
000025
000027
000029
000030
000031
000033
* SAMPLE HYPER-EXIT ROUTINE TO BE USED TOGETHER WITH
* FILE 2 (AUTOMOBILES)
TO CREATE THE VALUES FOR THE
* HYPERDESCRIPTOR HA:
*
HYPDE='1,HA,20,A,MU,NU=AA,AB,AC'
*
WHERE:
*
FNDEF='1,AA,20,A,NU'
*
FNDEF='1,AB,20,A,NU'
*
FNDEF='1,AC,15,A,NU'
* THE FIELDS 'AA','AB' AND 'AC' CONTAINS THE
'MAKE','MODEL'
000034 * AND THE 'BODY'-DESCRIPTION OF A CAR. THE VALUES OF
THOSE
000035 * FIELDS MAY CONSIST OF TWO VERBS DELIMITED BY A BLANK.
000036 * E.G. AA='GENERAL MOTORS'.
October 2006
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Hyperdescriptor Exit – UNIX/Win
October 2006
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29
Hyperdescriptor Exit – UNIX/Win
Control Block
October 2006
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30
Hyperdescriptor Exit – UNIX/Win
The routines should be written in the C programming language.
The user must be present as a dynamic shared library.
hy_mode = HY_REENTRANT
hy_dlng = data transfer buffer length
hy_xlng = index transfer buffer length
hy_ilng = isn transfer buffer length (0 = not used)
hy_plng = periodic transfer buffer length (0 = not used)
hy_flng = optional: own FB length (0 = not used)
hy_fptr = optional: own FB
<snip>
See ADABAS 5.1.3 Manual, User Exits and Hyperexits
October 2006
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31
Hyperdescriptor Exit
Exit only called for update commands,
for example STORE, UPDATE
Not used for READ / FIND /
HISTOGRAM
3.3 / 6.2 / 7.1 / 7.4  zaps @ SL24
October 2006
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32
Use of Hyperdescriptors

Create "Superdescriptor" from more
than 5 / 20 basic fields
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Example from a German company
ADA51: Not clear how to handle NU fields
Field is in input parameter but leave the
exit w/o filling the output parameter – why
NU in hyper definition?
Customer wishes better documentation
and more examples
October 2006
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33
Use of Hyperdescriptors

Create "Superdescriptor" from variable
numbers of basic fields

Example from SAG-NA
October 2006
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34
Use of Hyperdescriptors

Create "Superdescriptor" from variable
numbers of basic fields and files

Example from SAG-NA
October 2006
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35
Use of Hyperdescriptors
• Translate from lower to upper case



Example from the Swiss government Bern
Store info in upper/lower case
For search in upper case only
October 2006
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36
Use of Hyperdescriptors
• Translate from lower to upper case and
“Umlaute”





Example from a German company, Bremen
ä/Ä = AE, ü/Ü = UE, ß = SS, ö/Ö = OE
Store info in upper case
Can be sorted
Predict: define as HY
October 2006
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37
Use of Hyperdescriptors
• Create complementary values



Example from SAG-NA
Numeric values can be read in descending
order
Since ADA6 hyperexit is no longer
necessary:
READ IN DESCENDING ORDER
October 2006
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38
Use of Hyperdescriptors


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Create special phonetic descriptors
Summarize (compute) fields
Create calculation routines
Include compressed superdescriptors to
build a hyperdescriptor
October 2006
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39
Use of Hyperdescriptors

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Create tables to check-out data
Build special descriptors for record
types (entities)
Suppress values
Separate words
Build word groups
October 2006
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40
Hyperdescriptor Exit
ADA81:
For extended MU/PU fields HEXV8V7
Must be linked with existing hyperdescriptor
But: module not found in
ADABAS Version 8.1.0 (Beta Test II)
ADABAS Version 8.1.1 (+ L002)
October 2006
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41
File Coupling

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Type
 Logical Coupled Files
 Physical Coupled Files
 Soft Coupling
Natural Code
ADABAS Direct Calls
Pros and Cons
October 2006
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42
File Coupling
(0-N) belongs to
SALESMEN
AREA
#S-NR
#A-NR
#S-NAME
#S-COMM
#A-NR
#S-NR
#A-TURNO
points to (N C)
Search salesmen with a commission of > 30% in an
area with a planned turnover of more than 1 million.
October 2006
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43
File Coupling (Two Views)
DDM DBID 0
DDM FNR 235
T L DB Name
- - -- ------------------1 AA S-NR
1 AB A-NR
1 AC S-NAME
1 AD S-COMM
SALESMEN
F Leng S
- ---- N 5.0 N
N 5.0 N
A
10 N
N 3.0 N
DDM DBID 0
DDM FNR 236
1 AA A-NR
1 AB S-NR
1 AC A-TURNO
AREA
N 5.0
N 5.0
N 8.0
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
D Re
- -D
D
D
N D
N D
N D
44
Coupled Files (Logical)
0010
0020
0030
0040
0050
0060
0070
0080
0090
0100
0110
0120
0130
0140
0150
0160
0170
0180
0190
0200
DEFINE DATA
LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views
END-DEFINE
FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30
FIND AREA WITH AREA.S-NR = SALESMEN.S-NR
AND A-TURNO > 1000000
WRITE /* TITLE 'Logical coupled - 2 FINDs'
/ 'Logical Coupled - 2 FINDs'
/ '=========================' /
/ 'S-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR
/ 'A-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR
/ 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME
/ 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM
/ 'S-NR
from AREA....:' AREA.S-NR
/ 'A-NR
from AREA....:' AREA.A-NR
/ 'A-TURNO from AREA....:' AREA.A-TURNO
/ 'ISN from SALESMEN...:' *ISN(0040)
/ 'ISN from AREA.......:' *ISN(0050)
END-FIND
END-FIND
October 2006
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45
Coupled Files (Logical)
Logical Coupled - 2 FINDs
=========================
S-NR
from SALESMEN:
29
A-NR
from SALESMEN:
79
S-NAME
from SALESMEN: HUGO00029
S-COMM
from SALESMEN:
S-NR
from AREA....:
29
A-NR
from AREA....:
79
A-TURNO from AREA....:
30
1000001
ISN from SALESMEN...:
15
ISN from AREA.......:
15
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
46
TEST DBLOG MENU
17:05:35
User ZINDWS
***** NATURAL TEST UTILITIES *****
2006-06-29
- DBLOG Menu Library LBZINDWS
Code
B
E
S
.
Function
Begin Logging of Adabas Commands
End and Display Log Records
Snapshot of Specific Adabas Commands
Exit
Code .. b
Command .. _Skip ....... _
Program .... COUPLLOG
DBID ..... _FNR ........ _
Line from .. 0000
Low Resp . _High Resp .. 9999_Line to .... 0000
Optional Buffers for Code B
FB .. x RB .. x SB .. x VB .. x IB .. _
October 2006
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47
Coupled Files (Logical)
No
1
2
3
Cmd
S1
S1
RC
DB
200
200
200
October 2006
FNR
235
236
Rsp
ISN
15
15
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
ISQ
1
1
48
Coupled Files (Logical)
TEST DBLOG MENU:
SALESMEN File 235:
Search Buffer: AD,3,U.
Value Buffer: 030
Format Buffer:
AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.
AREA File 236:
Search Buffer: AB,5,U,D,AC,8,U,GT.
Value Buffer: 0002901000000
Format Buffer:
AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,008,U.
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
S-NR
S-NR
49
Coupled Files (Logical)
Pros
Cons
No denormalization,
tables are still
relational
No additional ASSO
space
Two FIND commands
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
50
Physical Coupling



File numbers < 255
One file can be coupled with up to 18
other files
Descriptor (DE, UQ, XI) with identical
format and length in both files
October 2006
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51
Physical Coupling
ADABAS UTILITY ~ to couple two files
ADAINV COUPLE FILES=235,236
ADAINV
DESCRIPTOR=‘AA,AB’
ADAINV
TEMPSIZE=3335
ADAINV
SORTSIZE=5738
ADAINV
LWP=8268K
File 235 (SALESMEN) successfully processed
File 236 (AREA
) successfully processed
October 2006
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52
Physical Coupling
ADABAS REPORT
* File
235 (SALESMEN
) *
Coupled Files
Descriptor AA coupled with
Descriptor AB in file 236
•File
236 (AREA
•Coupled Files
•
October 2006
) *
Descriptor AB coupled with
Descriptor AA in file 235
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
53
Physical Coupling
0010
0020
0030
0040
0050
0060
0070
0080
0090
0100
0110
0120
0130
0140
0150
0160
0170
0180
0190
0200
DEFINE DATA
LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views
END-DEFINE
FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30
AND COUPLED TO AREA
WITH A-TURNO > 1000000
WRITE
/ 'Physical Coupling - 1 FIND'
/ 'FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA'
/ '=================================' /
/ 'S-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR
/ 'A-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR
/ 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME
/ 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM
/ 'S-NR
from AREA....:' AREA.S-NR
/ 'A-NR
from AREA....:' AREA.A-NR
/ 'A-TURNO from AREA....:' AREA.A-TURNO
/ 'ISN from SALESMEN....:' *ISN(0040)
/ 'ISN from AREA........:' 'n/a'
END-FIND
October 2006
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54
Physical Coupling
Physical Coupling - 1 FIND
FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA
=================================
S-NR
from SALESMEN:
29
A-NR
from SALESMEN:
79
S-NAME from SALESMEN: HUGO00029
S-COMM from SALESMEN:
30
S-NR
from AREA....:
0
A-NR
from AREA....:
0
A-TURNO from AREA....:
0
ISN from SALESMEN....:
15
ISN from AREA........: n/a
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
55
TEST DBLOG MENU
17:05:35
User ZINDWS
***** NATURAL TEST UTILITIES *****
2006-06-29
- DBLOG Menu Library LBZINDWS
Code
B
E
S
.
Function
Begin Logging of Adabas Commands
End and Display Log Records
Snapshot of Specific Adabas Commands
Exit
Code .. b
Command .. _Skip ....... _
Program .... COUPLPHY
DBID ..... _FNR ........ _
Line from .. 0000
Low Resp . _High Resp .. 9999_Line to .... 0000
Optional Buffers for Code B
FB .. x RB .. x SB .. x VB .. x IB .. _
October 2006
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56
Physical Coupling
TEST DBLOG MENU:
No Cmd
1 S1
2 RC
DB
200
200
FNR
235
Rsp
ISN
15
ISQ
1
SB:/235/AD,3,U,D,/236/AC,8,U,GT.
VB:03001000000
FB: AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.
RB: 0002900079HUGO00029 030
October 2006
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57
Physical Coupling
Number of ADABAS Calls:
ONE S1 (FIND)
Direct Programming:
File Salesmen: 235
File Area: 236
Command: S5
????
File Number: 235
Search Buffer: /22/PN,D,/103/TO.
October 2006
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58
Physical Coupling
Pros
Cons
No denormalization,
tables are still
relational
Faster access
Uncouple utility before
maintenance
One FIND only
Longer update time
October 2006
More ASSO space
No DATA fields from
the soft coupled file(s),
in this case AREA
Dieter W. Storr --
[email protected]
59
Coupled Files (Soft)
0010 DEFINE DATA
0020 LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views
0030 END-DEFINE
0040 FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30
0050
AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR
0060
WITH A-TURNO > 1000000
0070
WRITE
0080
/ 'Soft Coupling - 1 FIND'
0090
/ 'FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR'
0100
/ '=================================================' /
0110
/ 'S-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR
0120
/ 'A-NR
from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR
0130
/ 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME
0140
/ 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM
<snip>
0200 END-FIND
October 2006
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60
Coupled Files (Soft)
Soft Coupling - 1 FIND
FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR
=================================================
S-NR
from SALESMEN:
29
A-NR
from SALESMEN:
79
S-NAME from SALESMEN: HUGO00029
S-COMM from SALESMEN:
30
S-NR
from AREA....:
0
A-NR
from AREA....:
0
A-TURNO from AREA....:
0
ISN from SALESMEN....:
15
ISN from AREA........: n/a
October 2006
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61
Coupled Files (Soft)
TEST DBLOG MENU:
No Cmd
1 S1
2 RC
DB
200
200
FNR
235
Rsp
ISN
15
ISQ
1
SB:(235,AA,236,AB)/235/AD,3,U,D,/236/AC,8,U,GT.
VB:03001000000
FB:AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.
RB:0002900079HUGO00029 030
October 2006
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62
Coupled Files (Soft)

Supported since


ADABAS 5.1 -- (1988)
CMD: S1
FNR: 135
SB: (235,AA,236,AB)/235/AD,/236/AC.
NATURAL 2.2.1 – (<1998)
(FIND … COUPLED TO….. VIA
October 2006
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63
Coupled Files (Soft)
Pros
Cons
No denormalization,
No DATA fields from
tables are still
the soft coupled file, in
relational
this case AREA
Only one ADABAS
FIND command (S1) +
L1s
Reduced interregion
communication
October 2006
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64
Multi-client Files
Since ADABAS 5.3.2, July 1994

Functions

How to load

Pros and cons
October 2006
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65
Multi-client Files

The owner ID is assigned to a user ID.

A user ID can have only one owner ID, but an
owner ID can belong to more than one user.

Each user can access only the subset of
records that is associated with the user's
owner ID.
October 2006
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66
Multi-client Files
Physical File 20
Multiple
OWNERID
Logical
OWNERID
Files
October 2006
OWNERID
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67
Loading Multi-client Files
ADALOD LOAD FILE=20
ADALOD
LOWNERID=2,NUMREC=0
Creates file 20 as a multi-client file. The length
of the internal owner ID is two bytes, but no
actual owner ID (ETID) is specified. No
records are actually loaded in the file
(NUMREC=0).
October 2006
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68
Loading Multi-client Files
ADALOD LOAD FILE=20
ADALOD
LOWNERID=2,ETID=USER1
Creates file 20 as a multi-client file, load all
supplied records, and assign them to user
USER1. The length of the internal owner ID
is two bytes.
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
69
Loading Multi-client Files
ADALOD UPDATE FILE=20
ADALOD
ETID=USER2
Performs a mass update to add records
to file 20, a multi-client file. Load all the
new records and assign them to USER2.
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
70
Loading Multi-client Files
12:25:16
***** P R E D I C T 4.3.2 *****
2006-08-22
- Modify Adabas attributes File ID ......... TEST-BROY
Added 2005-02-28 at 13:18
Contained in DA . TEST
by M197/9
PDBnr ........... 200
PFnr ... 020
Adabas Security definition
Access level ...........
Update level ...........
Loading attributes
Ciphered ...............
LOWNERID ...............
Refresh from program ...
Automatic allocation ...
PLOG ...................
ISN size ..............*
Erase ..................
Index compression ......
October 2006
(0-15)
(0-15)
N
2
N
Y
Y
0
N
N
(Y,N)
(0-8)
(Y,N)
(Y,N)
(Y,N)
(Y,N)
(Y,N)
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
71
Loading Multi-client Files
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
72
Users Experiences
A Danish user reported in 2002 to use the
feature since 8 years.
(Source: SAG-L)





Unload production data by using ADAUNLD and
SEL-CRIT= <switch> one-byte descriptor
Load into test environment with UPDATE and ETID
Coupled ETID as OWNER-ID to the user who wants
to test.
Reset <switch> in production
Delete the records in the test-environment by
coupling the ETID to the userid
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
73
Users Experiences

Keep the unloaded files on request, so they can reload the test set with another ETID.

Be aware of file changes between the different
environments, especially if you keep the unloaded
files for a while.

Be aware of UQ descriptors if you ADALOD UPDATE
the testset.
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
74
Users Experiences
A user from Holland (NL) reported in 1999 on
SAG-L:


We are working with multi-client files in
development and acceptance environment. It works
great and smoothly.
A little more maintenance sometimes when it comes
to file changes. Then, you have to
unload/decompress/compress/load the first set of
data. And unload/decompress/compress/update the
others.
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
75
Thank you!
Questions?
October 2006
Dieter W. Storr [email protected]
76