Transcript Physics for the Respiratory Therapist

Chapter 1
Basic Physics for the
Respiratory Therapist
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Lecture Outline
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Energy and matter
States of matter
Physical properties of liquids and gases
Gas laws
Fluid mechanics
Principles of electricity
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Energy and Matter
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Energy and work
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W=Fxd
Energy is the ability to do work
Types of energy
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Mechanical
 Thermal
 Chemical
 Sound
 Nuclear
 Electrical
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Energy and Matter (Cont.)
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Law of conservation of energy
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transferred
Work = transfer of energy by mechanical means
Mechanical energy
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Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Energy and Matter (Cont.)
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Kinetic energy = ½ (mv2)
Examples
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Breaking of chemical
bonds
 Hitting a ball
 Burning of fuel
 Water over a falls
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Potential energy = mgh
(mass, force of gravity,
height of the object)
Examples
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Coiled spring
Stretched rubber band
Bicycle at top of hill
Ice before it melts
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Physics
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Branch of science that deals with interaction of
matter and energy
Fields that make up physics:
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Mechanics
 Optics
 Acoustics
 Electricity
 Magnetism
 Thermodynamics
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Energy and Work
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Work is product of force and distance
Energy and work are expressed in joules
One joule is force required to move 1 kilogram
1 meter
Power measures rate at work being performed
Watts is unit of measure for power
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Types of Energy
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Kinetic energy – associated with movement
Potential energy – amount of energy an object
has due to its position
When coal is burned, its potential energy is
released
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States of Matter
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Matter – anything that has mass and occupies
space
Composed of atoms
Atoms – molecules – compounds/mixtures
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States of Matter (Cont.)
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Temperature
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The measure of average kinetic energy of
molecules in an object
Thermometers are used to measure
temperature
Types of thermometers
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Nonelectrical
Electrical
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Temperature Conversions
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Formulas
°C = 5/9 (°F – 32)
°F = (9/5 x °C) + 32
K = °C + 273
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Practice Temperature Conversions
1. 25°C = ?°F
2. 35°C = ?°F
3. 37°C = ?°F
4. 39°C = ?°F
5. 39°C = ? k
6. 70°F = ?°C
7. 78°F = ?°C
8. 90°F = ?°C
9. 103°F = ?°C
10. 103°F = ? k
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Pressure Conversion: Units
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cm H2O
mm Hg
psi (lb/in2)
atm
kPa
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Pressure Conversions
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cm H2O x 0.7355 =
cm H2O x 0.098 =
mm Hg  760
=
atm x 14.7
=
mm Hg
kPa
atm
psi
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Practice Pressure Conversions
1. 25 cm H2O = ? mm Hg
2. 30 cm H2O = ? mm Hg
3. 90 mm Hg = ? cm H2O
4. 760 mm Hg = ? cm H2O
5. 760 mm Hg = ? kPa
6. 2 atm = ? mm Hg
7. 2000 psi = ? atm
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The Gas Laws
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Boyle’s Law
Charles’s Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Combined Gas Law
Dalton’s Law of
Partial Pressure
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Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Avogadro’s Law
Graham’s Law
Henry’s Law
Fick’s Law of
Diffusion
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Thank you
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