Transcript Slide 1

Wall Finishes
pages 245-257 in "Interior Construction and Detailing"
• Wall finishes include:
• those applied as a single, thin decorative covering, such as paint,
wallpaper, and vinyl wallcovering,
• and those composed of several construction elements that can add
substantial thickness to a wall, such as ceramic tile or stone panels.
• Brendan Clarke of Maharam, presented a good variety of wall
coverings, including fabrics, vinyls, and some metallic based sheet
products.
Acoustical panels
• when a high degree of sound absorption is desired, acoustical
panels can be a good choice.
• Two primary decisions regarding acoustical panels:
• fabric type
• core material
• fabric for acoustical panels must be permeable, to allow for sound
energy to pass through.
• this also means that the fabric should not have a backing.
• fabrics for acoustical panels should be 'hydrophobic' which means
that they do not hold and absorb moisture.
Acoustical panels:
expanded polypropylene:
moisture resistant, impact resistant, tackable, lightweight, indoor-outdoor
High impact fabric covered panels:
compressed figerglass core, class ‘A’ fire rated, chemically hardened edges
glass reinforced gypsum ceiling panels
sometimes used for acoustical purposes
For acoustical panel covering, it is important to use fabric that
does not absorb and retain moisture.
• Hydrophobic fabrics do not absorb and retain moisture.
• These include polyester, acetates, nylon.
• Hydrophillic fabrics absorb and retain moisture.
• These include cotton, wool, and silk.
Stone used as a wall finish
• typical stone used for wall finishes include:
• granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone.
• manmade products, such as cast stone, can mimic the visual and
material qualities of natural stone.
Stone tiles and panels
• stone tiles, and panels, used as wall finish materials have definite
size constraints.
•
the term ‘tile’ means a small, (generally no larger than 12”x12”) thin,
modular piece of material. tiles can be made of metal, glass, wood,
leather, plastic, ceramics, cork, and nearly any other material.
• ‘tile’ does not always mean ceramic.
• the table on page 252 of "Interior Construction and Detailing" lists a
variety of stone types and size limitations or requirements.
details in stone wall finish installation
• stone used as a finished wall surface can be achieved using two
different approaches:
• tiles: thin, small, modular, pieces, typically no larger than 12" x 12".
• panels/slabs: 3/4" up to 4" thick.
Stone tiles:
granite, quartzite, multi colored slate, black slate, green slate, multi-colored
Stone wall panels:
marble panels attached to a sub-surface wall
Olivetti showroom, Venice, Italy:
designed by Carlo Scarpa
marble stairs, bench, balcony low wall
stone tiles
stone panels
marble floor tiles, wall tiles
granite wall panels
marble floor tiles
pattern making using tiles
slate flooring
slate
Ceramic tiles with LED lights embedded in
each tile.
Finnish designer Maija Puoskari has taken inspiration from nature to create this concept of snow print
tiles. Each tile looks like a silver patch of snow which is adorned with footprints of an animal.
Studio JSPR’s Cover-Tiles collection is a series of tiles that cover pipes, connections and water taps which are
normally enclosed in the wall. With Cover-Tiles, these elements are all visible on the outside.
Wood tiles from DeckTiles.org at ICFF
These tiles snap together.
MIO's modular 3D Wallpaper
Create pattern variation by rotating the tiles or painting them. The lightweight
recycled paper modules can be installed temporarily with double stick tape or
permanently with wallpaper paste. A box of 12 tiles (12” x 12” x 2 1/4”) sell
for about $32.
Mio Culture - Ripple Paper Forms
Acoustic Weave 3D Wallpaper
Designed to diffuse sound, reduce acoustic glare and eliminate standing waves; add to that it's green credentials
(100% recycled and recyclable paper made in closed-loop manufacturing from locally sourced materials)
wall flats
Designers: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle
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Wall Flats are Inhabit's take on a modern, eco-friendly wallpaper.
A modern embossed three-dimensional wallcovering that is good for the
environment.
Wall Flats are made from 100% bamboo pulp, one of the world’s most
renewable resources. No trees were harmed in the making of this product:)
They are a sustainable wallcovering that is free of chemicals and will not be
a burden to the environment at the end of it's lifecycle, since the tiles are
100% bio-degradable.
Wall Flats are designed to expand in any direction with an automatic pattern
repeat and can be painted to coordinate with decor. You can cover a
existing wall with Wall Flats, help disguise a not-so-smooth wall or add a
modern, green wallpaper to any room setting through patterning.
wall flats Designers: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle
ceramic tile
ceramic tile
• Ceramic tile is especially useful in kitchens and bathrooms because
it is water-resistant and easy to clean and extremely durable.
• Made from a mixture of clays and fired at high temperatures, tile is
used for wall coverings, floors, showers, countertops, bath
surrounds, and more.
• Tiles used on walls and counters are generally glazed
• Grout, a kind of mortar, is spread between
tiles to lock them in place and fill the joints
between them. Grout may be white or
colored with pigment.
• Ceramic tile may be applied directly over
drywall—if the room is likely to be damp,
special moisture-resistant drywall should
be used. Or tile may be applied to a mortar
bed or a backer board made of a ceramic
aggregate core that is coated with a thin
fiberglass mesh.
mosaic tiles are typically joined into a sheet
Ceramic tile: pattern making
Mosaic tiles
Paints and Coatings
• What is paint?
• Paints are made up of four components:
pigment, binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and
additives.
• Varnishes, which form transparent or semitransparent films, are made up of the last three
components, with colored varnishes containing
small amounts of pigment.
Paint is manufactured to meet specific needs
Types of Paint
water base paint
solvent base paint
these are the two basic types of paint generally available.
paint may have physical or chemical characteristics such as:
matte surface, semi gloss surface, high gloss surface
non-drip paint, primer, undercoats, anti-condensation,
fire retardant paint (intumescent), metallic, concrete floor
paint, porch paint, anti-fungus paint, heat resistant paint
• Pigments, which give color and
opacity/covering power, are finely
dispersed solid particles. In some cases
they can be used to impart certain
protective properties, eg rust prevention,
and to control gloss levels
• The binder is the material that forms the
film, giving protection to the substrate and
keeping the pigment in place and evenly
dispersed. It may be made up of a single,
or a combination of polymers. The binder
may be dissolved in a solvent, or in the
form of an emulsion or colloidal dispersion
in water. This results in solvent-borne and
water-borne paints, respectively.
• The solvent/liquid carrier is used to effect
application of the coating. It may be water or an
organic solvent, or a mixture of both, and thins
the paint or varnish, allowing it to be brushed,
sprayed, dipped or rolled.
• Once on the substrate, the solvent evaporates,
leaving the dry film coating. The term 'liquid
carrier' is preferable because the liquid may not
be a true solvent for the binder.
• Additives are used, in small amounts, to
modify the film or paint. Examples are
driers, which promote the drying time of
some coatings; flow-control agents, which
give a smooth surface; defoamers, which
prevent the formation of bubbles that could
dry in the film; and anti-skinning agents to
prevent the paint from forming a 'skin' in
the can
Water Base Vs. Solvent Base
• Water-based: non-flammable, clean up
with water, quick drying in good
conditions, low VOC content, low odor,
non-yellowing
• Solvent-based: better drying in cold,
damp conditions, better low-temperature
storage, no can corrosion problems, less
wood-grain raising, higher gloss
Fire retardant and fire resistant coatings
flame retardant paints slow the rate of flame spread
intumescent coatings bubble up, or expand, when exposed
to extremely high heat
fire resistant paints are not as effective at controlling the
spread of flames as intumescent, or fire retardant paints.
fire resistant paint does not burn, but it also does not help
control the spread of the flames
• Washing machine manufacturers do not need to
buy cans of paint to give color to their products.
• Instead, they buy huge rolls of sheet steel
already treated and coated with flexible and
durable paints that allow the appliance casings
to be cut and formed into shape without
damage.
• This technique, known as 'coil coating', used to
make this 'bendable' paint. A thin coil of the
metal to be painted is cleaned and pretreated
before being fed along a coating line whereby
the primer, top and back paint layers are applied
in two stages. After each paint application, the
coil is oven cured and allowed to cool before the
painted coil emerges at the end of the process.
The coating is formulated to have great
flexibility, allowing the coated metal to be
manipulated without the paint cracking.
Wallcoverings
• Wallcoverings offer improved durability over
typical paint finishes while providing texture and
pattern to the wall surface.
• The most widely used wallcoverings for
commercial use are vinyls.
• There is a classification system used to compare
all types of commercial wallcovering.
• This is the ASTM F793 Standard Classification
of Wallcoverings by Durability Characteristics.
Wallcovering Classification
• Category 1: decorative only
• Category 2: decorative with medium
serviceability
• Category 3: decorative with high serviceability
• Category 4: Type I Commercial serviceability
• Category 5: Type II Commercial serviceability
• Category 6: Type III Commercial serviceability
Vinyl Wallcoverings
• There is a special standard that describes
vinyl wallcovering as:
• Type I: light duty, with a minimum weight of 7
oz/sq. yard
• Type II: medium duty, with a minimum weight of
13 oz/sq. yard
• Type III: heavy duty, with a minimum weight of
22 oz/sq. yard
Materials & Backings
• Vinyl:
• scrim, a loosely woven fabric backing used on Type I
vinyls
• Osnaburg, a loose open weave fabric used on Type II
vinyls
• Drill, a dense woven fabric with good dimensional
stability used on Type II and Type III vinyls
• Nonwoven, a paperlike backing used on Type I vinyls.
Surface Materials for Walls
• Wood Veneer: bonding wood veneer (about 1/64"
thick) to a woven backing material.
• Textiles: paper backing or a latex coating
• Fiberglass: a fiberglass fabric that is applied to a
backing. Fiberglass wallcoverings must be painted after
they are installed.
• Wallpaper: paper wallcoverings are generally
restricted to residential use because of fragility and poor
wear resistance.
Wall Preparation
• Four traditional ways to prepare a wall
surface to receive a wallcovering:
• Seal: usually oil based
• Size: reduces the absorbency of the surface
• Prime: assure proper adhesion
• Wall liner: nonwoven sheets; cover cracks or
holes in preparation for a finished wallcovering
Upholstered Wall Systems
• site constructed coverings that stretch
fabric taut over a frame and infill material.
the frame material is typically either a
plastic extrusion, or a wood frame.
Upholstered Panels
Ceiling Finishes
• Ceilings are central in defining the volume
of a space and shape the diffusion of
sound and light within a space.
• Ceilings also typically conceal an array of
systems components, in a plenum space.
• Ceilings in a space can be:
– suspended
– exposed
– tightly attached
Ceiling Components Manufactured by
Armstrong
GRG: glass reinforced gypsum
• glass reinforced gypsum (GRG): is used to make shapes
that used to be made of plaster; column covers, domes,
and molded to nearly any shape.
• GRG is much stronger than standard gypsum board.