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ASTROID <Dark Matter> Lesson Plan [1] Guided Research Model [2] Dr. Christian Reimers [email protected] http://www.virtuelleschule.at/cosmos/ [1] Gravitational Lens, HST observation of Abell 2218 [2] Rotation curve (observed and theoretical), SuW 1/2005 S.32ff. <Dark Matter> • General Information The scenario aims to illustrate one of the evidences for dark matter. This includes the study of the rotational curves of spiral galaxies. – Duration: 3 x 50 min. – Vocabulary: dark matter, galaxies, rotation curve – Tools and Materials: PC with Internet connection, Paper, work sheets (excel, diagram), Pencil – Aims and Objectives: Students should ... - ... be able to plot data - ... learn basics on the structure and detection of matter – Students‘ Misconception: - confusing types of matter - visible parts of galaxies are dominant <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 1: Stimulation – Presentation/Discussion: motivation by emotion (pictures of galaxies) [1] HST observation of M51 „Whirlpool Galaxy“ [2] HST observation of M104 „Sombrero Galaxy“ <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 2: Scientific Prediction – Discuss list of possible dark matter candidates and their interactions with measurable quantities / indirect detection – Draw up a list on the blackboard with various proposed methods and missions to detect dark matter – Finding pictures of galaxies and their rotation curves (internet research) [1] Illustration of the galaxies rotation (Sextans A) [2] Interactive Applet on the Doppler effect [3] Doppler image of M33 <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 3: Experimental Activities – Kepler rotation in the Solar System (central point mass) – Applet with M(r) => v(r) [in development] [1] Work sheet: Kepler rotation in the Solar System [2] „rotcurve“-Applet of real galaxies http://burro.cwru.edu/JavaLab/RotcurveWeb/main.html <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 4: Abstraction of the finding – Prediction Compared to Results: v2(r) = G * (Mvisible(r) + Mdark(r)) / r If existing matter is only the observed (visible) matter, the rotation curves of spiral galaxies could not be described. Mtot > Mvisible => Mdark thus Mtot = Mvisible + Mdark With assistance of Tutorials and Links. – Discussion: Short discussion on detection methods and theoretical issues. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 5: Consolidation – Quiz/Multiple-Choice-Test with Feedback – Exercises/Tasks: • Comparing simple calculations and self-composed diagrams with obtained data • Talk: Thoeretical background ist provided to find information on the internet to start a talk about types of dark matter • Discussion: Change of paradigm of matter over the centuries [1] Multiple-Choice-Test (ASTROID) <Dark Matter> • Ressources: – Worksheet (solar system; xls) – Worksheet (diagram; pdf) – Simulation (rotation curve; Applet) – Glossary (of related terms; pdf) – Examples with solutions and diagrams (for teachers; pdf) – Informationsheet (types of matter; pdf) – Informationsheet (posibilities of types of DM; pdf) – Informationsheet (internetlinks and further infos; pdf)