Transcript Water - Safe Sustainable and For All: A

WATERsafe, sustainable
and for all…
Water: The Drop of Life
DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT:
WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DELHI –
-GIVING A NEW LIFE TO RIVER YAMUNA, THUS TO DELHI…
…BY THE AUGMENTATION OF GROUND WATER BY RAIN
HARVESTING UNIT.
TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Kunda with a well, Roti
Pushkarni at Loni Bhapkar
The traditional water harvesting strategies had effected an
integration of storm and floodwater regulation,
wastewater collection, drinking water supply and microirrigation. These were
•Location specific,
•Slope efficient,
•Gravitation based,
•Inexpensive and non extractive methods of harvesting the
extremely limited fresh water supply, accessible to human
use.
Indian communities had perfected management of the
natural watersheds of forests, hills and dales, using
knowledge of the hydrological regimes and rhythms, water
veins and aquifers, slope and lie of land, history and
movement of rivers.
CONTINUING TRADITIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES:
Aside from archaeological examples, water harvesting structures continue to be maintained by endogenous
communities all over the country. Groundwater continues to be drawn from aquifers or palaeo channels in
Rajasthan through bardi (shallow wells in depressions), tankas, khadin and johad (underground storage pits), kunds
(cisterns in catchments), beris (wells on river beds).
CASE STUDIES…
WATER SYSTEMS AT UDAIGIRI:
View of udaigiri caves showing a tank
Udayagiri consists of two hills joined together with a low ridge or a saddle. The hills are aligned northeast-southwest,
forming a crescent-shaped pocket in the west with ancient
The western end of the passage leads to a high embankment of a tank, two sides of which are formed by two sides of
the northern hill divided by a valley. There are three other tanks and two major channels apart from minor drains
forming four independent water systems at Udayagiri
CASE STUDIES…
CONTEMPORARY WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Rain water harvesting system advantages
Urban centers in India are facing an ironical
situation today. On one hand there is the acute
water scarcity and on the other, the streets are
often flooded during the monsoons.
* In areas where there is inadequate groundwater
supply or surface resources are either lacking or
insufficient, rainwater harvesting offers an ideal
solution
.
* Helps in utilizing the primary source of water and
prevent the runoff from going into sewer or storm
drains, thereby reducing the load on treatment
plants.
• Reduces urban flooding.
* Recharging water into the aquifers help in
improving the quality of existing groundwater
through dilution
This system is practiced on a large scale in cities
like Chennai, and Bangalore where rainwater
harvesting is a part of the state policy. Elsewhere,
countries like Germany, Japan, United States, and
Singapore are also adopting rainwater harvesting.
CASE STUDIES…
•The system consists of a collection
tank, slow sand filtration, and a “living
systems” componentwhich uses aquatic
plants and fish to purify the water. The
rainwater collection basin is located on
the roof of the Farm Centre and
integrated with the existing roof
structure and drainage systems.
An example of a Rainwater Harvesting System. This one is
integrated into the design of a home and yard in Portland
Parapet wall has been given corrugated
profile to facilitate more quantity of rain
flow to the gutter
CASE STUDIES…
INDIA
DELHI
TOWARDS ITO
HATHI SHALA,
ADJACENT TO VIKAS MARG,
NEAR ITO,
DELHI
SITE DETAILS:
LOCATION: Hathi Shala, adjacent to Vikas Marg, near ITO,
Delhi
AREA: 1.2 sq km
LANDUSE: Agricultural
CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING SITE:
Proximity to river
Better geology conditions
SITE ANALYSIS
22 Km STRETCH OF
YAMUNA ALONG DELHI
THE RIVER…
YAMUNA & DELHI…the relationship
STATE
SEGMENT CATERED BY YAMUNA
Delhi
Wazirabad Barrage to
Okhla Barrage
NAME OF STATE
Delhi
TOTAL CATCHMENT
AREA IN YAMUNA (IN
SQ. KM.)
1485
AREA COVERED
(22 kms)
%AGE CONTRIBUTION
TO THE SUPPLY
0.4
The river bed area in Delhi is 97 sq km.The whole of it is coarse sand
up to a depth of 40m.This feature is the key to the riverbed recharge
capability!!
Sources of Water in Delhi

Delhi receives its water from 3 sources:
A. Surface Water: 86% of Delhi's total water supply comes from surface water, namely the
Yamuna River, which equals 4.6% of this resource through interstate agreements.
B. Sub-surface water: Rainey wells and tube wells. This source, which is met through
rainfall (approx. 611.8 mm in 27 rainy days), and unutilized rainwater runoff, is 193 MCM
(million cubic meters).
C. Graduated Resources: It is estimated at 292 MCM, however current withdrawal equals
312 MCM. Salinity and over exploitation has contributed to depletion and drastically
effected the availability of water in different parts of the city. However, according to a
report released by the Central Ground Water Board (GCWB), Delhi's ground-water level
has gone down by about eight meters in the last 20 years at the rate of about a foot a year.
PRESET SITUATION
Source: Delhi Jal Board
SITE ANALYSIS
WATER REQUIREMENT OF DELHI
…The requirement of water
conservation
Delhi is experiencing increasing pressure to meet demand for its water
resources.
•Growing urbanization, improvements in living standards, exploding
population are just some of the contributing factors.
•Average water consumption in Delhi is estimated at being 274 liters per capita per
day (lpcd), the highest in the country.
•The large-scale extraction of groundwater is a result of this widening gap between the
demand (830 mgd) and supply (650mgd) of water.
• And still worse, serious doubts are also being raised about both the quality and
quantity of groundwater.
•The population of Delhi is expected to cross 220 lakhs by the end of 2021.
SITE ANALYSIS
HYDRO-GEOLOGY OF DELHI
GEOLOGY OF DELHI
GEOLOGY OF SITE: ALLUVIAL
NOTE :
INDICATES THE SITE
BEDROCK LEVELS OF VARIOUS PARTS
OF DELHI
BED ROCK LEVEL OF SITE : 35m
SITE ANALYSIS
MONTHLY AVERAGES ACROSS
CHOSEN YEARS FOR PRECIPITATION
[PERIOD:FROM 2001 TO
2002],[UNITS:INTEGER,MM ]
GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF VARIOUS
BLOCKS OF DELHI.
THE QUALITY IN THE AREA OF THE SITE
IS CONSIDERED ALL RIGHT.
Month
Average across years
Jan
12.4
Feb
11.95
Mar
2.85
Apr
13.8
May
30.7
Jun
60.35
Jul
75.05
Aug
176.5
Sep
93.5
Oct
1.95
Nov
0.0
Dec
4.85
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL OF
DELHI: 611mm
PRESENT RUNOFF OF RAINFALL IN
DELHI : 50%
SITE ANALYSIS
WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN DELHI
 As can be compared from the data given above, the water fluctuation levels of Delhi is
highly alarming.
 The situation is worsening due to exploitation of groundwater at a rate higher than the
rate of its replenishment.
 Rain water harvesting is a boon for us in the given scenario.
 Recharging of groundwater from rain water harvesting can meet more than half of the
city’s supply demands.
SITE ANALYSIS
CATCH THE RAIN
WHERE IT FALLS
THE CONCEPT…
The atharvaveda invokes mother earth to yield the life giving water to those of pure conduct and
right means , and to punish water polluters in these words:
शुद्धा न आपस्तन्वे क्षरं तु, यो नः सेदरु प्रिये तं िन द्मः I
पप्रवत्रेर्ण पथृ िवी मोत पुनामम I I
•The system is devised to work on a pressure
knob,.i.e. When the level of water increases the
•Usage of natural materials for rainwater filter
defined limit, the discharge of water into river
chamber therefore cost of materials reduced
stops
Financial
Sustainability &
Environmental
Accountability
Operational
Sustainability
•Using natural cleansers of
water like fine sand,
microbiotic culture.
Customer
Orientation & HRD
WHY RAINWATER ??
Efficiency
Vision
Continuous
Supply
Improved Services
To the Poor
•Increase in ground water level.
• The level of river Yamuna increases.
•An ideal solution to water problems in areas having inadequate water resources.
•The ground water level will rise.
•Mitigates the effects of drought & achieves drought proofing.
•Will reduces the runoff which chokes the storm water drains.
•Flooding of roads and low land areas will reduce
•Quality of water will improve.
THE CONCEPT…
•Soil erosion will be reduced.
SETTLEMENT
RAIN WATER
COLLECTING PIPE
GROUND LEVEL
RAIN WATER PIPES
COLLECTING RAIN WATER
FROM RESIDENTIAL AREA
MAIN RAIN WATER
PIPES
•The pressure knobs get activated
when the levels of water rises the
defined limit and closes the valves
of the rain water filter chamber for
further flow of water.
PRIMARY INLET
RAIN WATER FILTER
CHAMBER
MAIN INLET
•The water saturates
the soil and thus
recharges the river
by capillary action
PRESENT SITUATION
River
RIVER
PRESSURE KNOB
SYSTEM
WATER RISING
THROUGH
CAPILLARY ACTION
After saturation
of ground
CLEAN WATER GETTING
DISCHARGED INTO THE GROUND
CONCEPTUAL SKETCH OF THE PROPOSED UNIT
SITUATION AFTER IMPOSITION
OF PLANT
THE CONCEPT…
ANALYSING THE NUMBER OF CISTERNS
•A suitable size of cistern was taken as 6 m diameter and 25 m depth.
•The size is considered suitable keeping in mind the bedrock levels of the area,
i.e., 50 m deep.
•The number of cisterns has been calculated keeping the projected population in
2021 in mind.
•Estimated population of Delhi in 2021 = 220 lakhs
•Present per capita per day water demand= 274 lcpd
•Total demand in 2021= 220,0,000 X 274= 6.02 X 109 litres.
•Volume of 1 cistern= 2826 X 103 litres
•Ideal no. of cisterns required = 6.02 X 109 / 2826 X 103 = 2130
•No. of cisterns in our site= 97
THE CONCEPT…
5m
GROUND LVL
MAIN INLET
Dia : 1m
WATER
MICROBIOTIC
CULTURE is added
to naturally clean the
water and the tank ,
thereby reducing the
cost of maintenance
25 m
GRAVEL (5m
thick layer)
Dia: 6m
FINE SAND ( 8 m
thick layer)
MATERIAL : GI
WATER
PERCOLATING
OUTLET PORES
RAIN WATER FILTER CISTERN
THE DESIGN…
THE DESIGN
•THE DESIGN HAS TRIED TO INCORPORATE BOTH THE PRINCIPLES OF
RAINWATER HARVESTING AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT.
•THE CISTERNS ARE CONNECTED TO THE RAINWATER HARVESTING
UNITS OF THE BUILT UP AREAS IN VICINITY THROUGH A NETWORK OF
PIPES. THE WATER PERCOLATED BY THE CISTERN (EQUAL TO THE
VOLUME OF THE CISTERN) ADDS TO THE GROUNDWATER. TYHIS
SATURATES THE SOIL AND THUS RECHARGES THE RIVER THROUGH
UPWARD CAPILLARY ACTION.
•THE PARKING AREA IS SLOPED TOWARD THE RIVER. TREES WITH
CRESCENT SHAPED LANDSCAPE HOLDING AREA.
THE DESIGN…

A LANDSCAPED AREA HAS BEEN
DEVELOPED IN THE AREA WHICH UTILIZES
THE WASTE WATER FROM THE BUILT UP
AREA. THE WASTE WATER IS FILTERED
THROUGH A FILTER TANK ABOVE GROUND.
THE WATER CHANNEL THUS FLOWS AND ADDS TO THE LANDSCAPE
AESTHETICS, ULTIMATELY FLOWING INTO THE RIVER.
THE PLAN OF THE SITE IS ENCLOSED IN A DRAWING
THE DESIGN…
THE CENTRAL O.A.T.
THE DESIGN…
EFFICIENCY OF THE DESIGN
WITH RESPECT TO WATER SUPPLY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
QUALITY OF THE WATER SUPPLY WILL IMPROVE
THERE IS SCOPE OF EQUAL DISTRIBUTION AND ALSO BULK SUPPLY IS A BOON
IT WILL ADD TO THE EXISTING WATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
THERE ARE REDUCED HEALTH RISKS DUE TO BETTER QUALITY MONITORING.
IT IS COST EFFICIENT AS TRADITIONAL METHODS OF PURIFICATION HAVE BEEN
INCULCATED. THIS WOULD ENSURE THAT THE SYSTEM IS POCKET- FRIENDLY FOR THE
POOR.
WITH RESPECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
1.
2.
REDUCED POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION OF RIVER YAMUNA
BETTER CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DUE TO EFFECTIVE
MONITORING
THE DESIGN…
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. CASE STUDIES:
a. Traditional Water Management Systems of India
Edited by:
Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty
Gyani Lal Badam
Vijay Paranjpye
b.
www.rainharvesting.org
2. DELHI JAL BOARD
3. INTERNET BASED SEARCH:
a. www.indiawaterportal.org
b. www.rainharvesting.org
c. Google search
THANK YOU
-BY
SAKSHI JAIN , SURUCHI SHAH