FALL 2009 Lit. Analysis Grammar

•Clauses •Title Punctuation •Coordinating Conjunctions •Subordinating Conjunctions

I. Clauses

• Contains a subject and a verb • There are two different types.

Type One: Dependent

• Also known as “subordinate.” • It contains BOTH a subject and a

verb, but does NOT express a complete thought

• It cannot stand alone, and beg the

questions: “What?” “When?”, “Where?, “Why?,“How?”, and “Who?”

Examples:

• When Todd was little • If you were right • Whenever I hurry to school

See. .. these are fragments…they do NOT express a complete thought!!!!!

STOP…

•

Take three minutes to find ONE dependent clause in the rough draft of your literary analysis!

Type Two: Independent

• Contains a subject & a verb • It also expresses a complete

thought!

• It CAN stand alone as a

sentence!!!

Examples:

• The air deodorizer is gone. • The ten of hearts is missing from

the deck.

• I live down the street. • See….these are all complete

sentences!

Now you Try!

• If the mail has come.

• Mike carried the apple box.

• When the door opened.

• Stop and see us.

• We washed the car.

• While you were out.

STOP…

•

Take three minutes to find ONE independent clause in the rough draft of your literary analysis!

II. TITLE PUNCTUATION

• As a general rule, any short/smaller work of literature is punctuated with quotation marks. This includes: – Short stories – Song Titles – Poems – Chapters - Articles - Skits - Essays

STOP…

•

Take two minutes to ensure that EVERY mention of your short story is in quotations, rather than underlined or italicized.

III. Coordinating Conjunctions

• Conjunction – joins words, phrases and clauses • Remember the following acronym: –

FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

• When using a coordinating conjunction, use a comma before the conjunction if necessary!

STOP…

•

Take three minutes to identify two coordinating conjunctions appropriately used in your rough draft. Remember, they will usually be preceded by a comma!

IV. Subordinating Conjunctions

•

Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect an independent clause with a dependent clause.

Commonly used subordinating conjunctions:

• • • • • • • • • •

After Since Where If In order that /for Whenever Because Until When While - Although - Wherever - Before - Now that - Only if - Whether or not - Even if - As - Unless

STOP…

•

Take five minutes to find TWO subordinating conjunctions in the rough draft of your essay.