Transcript Skill, Shortage, Sensible: the recommended shortage

Skill and occupation needs in the UK
Skilled, Shortage, Sensible:
the recommended shortage occupation lists
Mark Franks
Head of secretariat
Migration Advisory Committee
6th November 2008
What Is The Migration Advisory Committee
(MAC)?
An advisory non-departmental public body
(NDPB) that will provide independent evidencebased advice to Government on occupations
where shortages exist which can sensibly be filled
by migration
The advice will feed into the Points Based System
Members: Chair (Professor David Metcalf CBE);
four other leading economists; a rep from UK
Commission for Employment and Skills; UK
Border Agency
Supported by a secretariat of approx 12
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MAC workplan/remit
• Produce shortage occupation lists for skilled
employment (Tier 2)
– One list for Scotland
– One list for United Kingdom
• Published report on methods of investigation
on February 29th
• Report contained call for evidence
• Published recommended shortage
occupation lists on September 9th
• Advice is published and independent, but
ultimately Ministers decide
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The Points Based System
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Highly skilled individuals to contribute to
growth and productivity
Skilled workers with a job offer to fill
gaps in the UK labour force
Low skilled workers to fill specific temporary
labour shortages (suspended)
Students
Youth mobility and temporary workers:
people coming to UK to satisfy primarily
non-economic objectives.
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Tier 2 of the Points Based System
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Basics
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sponsor
certificate of sponsorship (old WP)
job title skilled to NQF 3+ (i.e. NVQ 3+)
pay to be ‘reasonable’ – is no undercutting
prior entry clearance
b. Routes: need 70+ points
i mandatory
competence in English (level A1)
maintenance requirement
ii routes
shortage occupation
RLMT (30) + pay/qualifications (≥20)
ICT (30) + pay/qualifications (≥20)
10pts
10pts
50pts
50pts
50pts
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Bottom-up evidence
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call for evidence;
visits to every country
and region of UK;
evidence from SSCs
and Sector Advisory
Panels;
Stakeholder Panel and
Forum;
independent research
into key sectors.
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Skilled
a.
Context
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b.
workforce skills are key government priority
Leitch Review (2006)  UK Commission for Employment
and Skills
MAC task: which occupations/job titles are skilled?
Tier 2 of PBS requires job title to be NQF 3+ (i.e. NVQ 3+)
Indicators of skill
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skill level defined in SOC hierarchy
formal qualifications
earnings
on-the-job training or experience
innate ability
First 3 from top-down evidence, last 2 from bottom-up evidence
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Result
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192 out of 353 occupations defined as skilled
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Shortage
Twelve indicators (all by 4-digit SOC)
i Employer based (3)
• e.g. skill shortage vacancies / employment (%)
ii Price-based indicators (3)
• e.g. change in median hourly pay (%)
iii Volume-based indicators (4)
• e.g. change in hours worked for ft workers (%)
iv Administrative data (2)
• e.g. stock of vacancies / claimant count by sought
occupation
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Sensible
Consider with reference to Govt objectives (raise
productivity; improve skills; controlled, fair
migration that…contributes to economic growth;
maximise employment opportunity for all etc)
• Alternatives to employing immigrants
• Skills acquisition
• Productivity, innovation and international
competitiveness
• Wider economic and labour market effects
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Results
Examples of occupations and job titles included
i complete 4-digit skilled occupations
• e.g. civil engineers (2121); ship and hovercraft
officers (3513); quantity surveyors (2433)
• pass 5/6 out of 12 shortage indicators
• good bottom up evidence
ii subset of 4-digit skilled occupation
• e.g. maths and science teachers (2314) and
specialist nurses (3211)
• secondary teachers and nurses: pass low number
of shortage indicators so no national shortage
• but strong evidence for maths and science
teachers and operating theatre nurses
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Results
iii skilled segment of other 4-digit SOC occupations
e.g. skilled chefs
• chefs, cooks (5434) does not meet our definition
of skill, but there is a skilled segment
• good bottom up evidence e.g. pay, production
technology, EU recruits
• how to define ‘skilled’: 70th percentile of pay
distribution
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What next?
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Bulgarian and Romanian access to UK labour market?
Shortage list update:
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healthcare occupations, inc midwives
moulders, core makers, die casters
photographers and audio-visual equipment operators
musicians
welding trades
dispensing opticians
hairdressing and beauty salon managers and proprietors
metal machining setters and setter-operators
computer engineers, installation and maintenance
steel erectors
[email protected]
www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/mac
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