Transcript UPA Package 3, Module 2 - Faculty of Geo

UPA Package 2, Module 4
OVERVIEW OF LAND USE CONTROL AND
LAND USE PLANNING
2.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
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What is Land Use Control
Land use control means influence and limitation
imposed on land use activity and process in order to
achieve set land use under some circumstances,
which promotes the land use developing toward
anticipated target.
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What is Land Use Control
Governments determine how land is to be developed and used
in a variety of ways.
•
•
•
Direct acquisition (purchase or expropriation);
The provision of incentives (strategies, schemes and
programmes)
Regulations (zoning, site plan control, building regulations and
development control).
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What is Land Use Planning
Relationship Between land use planning and land
use control
One technical task of LUP is to provide correct land use
scheme
LUP is the key measure to implement land use control
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What is Land Use Planning
The purpose of land use planning
to help local decision makers, developers and citizens
determine how the community envisions future development.
to ensure compatible land uses and to manage development
and growth.
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What is Land Use Planning
In principles of German Land Law, the objectives of planning
is defined as:
land use planning shall protect and promote:
• sustainable urban development
• social justice in land use
• an environment worthy of human beings, and the natural
foundations of human existence
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What is Land Use Planning
Land use planning and Land use plan
Land use planning: dynamic process
Land use plan:
static outcomes
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Land Use Planning Process
GOVERNMENT
Federal
State
Regional
Local
Stakeholders,
Planners and
Rules in Land
Use Planning
Process
MARKET
Land
Owners
Developers
Builders
Realtors
Bankers
RULES
(planning
and
development
procedures)
INTERESTS
Neighborhoods
Environmentalist
Economic
Developers
Farmers
Minority Groups
LAND PLANNERS
Future Land Use
Current Land Use
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INTELLIGENCE
Building and maintaining an information
system
Analyzing and interpreting data
Disseminating information
reports,
maps,
tables,
diskettes
ADVANCE PLANNING
PROBLEM SOLVING
Formulating and adopting
Analyzing
and
solving
policy
unanticipated problem
Formulating and adopting a
Assessing proposals to change
development
management
development management system
system and specific legislation
or develop land
plans, legislation
Four
Functions in
Land Use
Planning
Process
oral presentations, memos,
papers, draft ordinances
issue
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Applying, enforcing, and improving ordinances,
plans, capital improvement programs, acquisitions,
information and other elements of the development
system
Permits, inspections, sanctions, community facilities, acquisitions, advice,
etc
DEVELOPMENT
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Land Use Planning Process
Major Forms
of Land Use
Planning in
Advance
Planning
Function

The verbal policy plan

The land classification
plan

The land use design

The development
shorter-range
management plan
The policy plan
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long-range
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Verbal Policy Plan
The Calvert County, MD Comprehensive Plan, 1983
It was the winner of a 1985 APA award
•
Its policies are concise, easy to grasp, and grouped in
sections corresponding to the six divisions of county
government responsible for implementation
•
It remains a policy plan, because it does not specify a program
of specific actions for development management
•
It contains no land use map
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Land Classification Plan
A Comprehensive Plan for Forsyth County, North Carolina
The plan won honorable mention from APA in 1989.
•
it employs a six-category system of districts, plus a category
for activity centers
•
it identifies both short- and long-range growth areas (4A and
4B)
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policies applicable to each district are detailed in the plan.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Land Use Design Map
The 1990 Howard County (Maryland) General Plan
It was the winner of an APA award in 1991
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adds new types of goals, policies, and planning techniques.
•
organizes around six themes/chapters instead of the
customary plan elements
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Development Management Plan
The Sanibel, Florida, Comprehensive Land Use Plan (1981)
The plan outlines the standards and procedures of regulations
(i.e., the means of implementation)
Plan and implementation are merged into one instrument,
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan
Toward a Sustainable Seattle: A Plan for Managing Growth (1994)
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The plan is designed to meet the requirements of the
Washington State Growth Management Act.
3 core values-social equity, environmental stewardship, and
economic security
The goal is to be achieved by integrating plans for land use
and transportation, healthy and affordable housing, and
careful capital investment in a civic compact based on a
shared vision
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan
Sustainable Seattle
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•
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The land use element designates urban center villages, hub
urban villages, residential urban villages, neighborhood
villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers, each with
specific design guidelines
The city's capacity for growth is identified, and then allocated
according to the urban village strategy
Future development is directed to mixed-use neighborhoods
Detailed land use policies carry out the plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Another Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan
Loudoun County Choices and Changes: General Plan (1991)
The plan won APA's 1994 award for comprehensive planning in
small jurisdictions.
Its goals are grouped into three categories:
---Natural and cultural resources goals
---Growth management goals
---Community design goals
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Land Use Analysis
Existing Land Use Inventory and Analysis
The first step in analyzing land use was to conduct an inventory of
existing uses.
(Existing land uses were digitized from the aerial photos)
The inventory classified land uses into 25 categories.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
the Town
of
Washington
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The contemporary hybrid plan
The land use development
pattern is influenced by
several key factors. They
include:
the Town
of
Washington
1. Land ownership patterns.
2. Location of agricultural
lands.
3. Lands enrolled in Forest
Management Programs.
4. Privately owned lands
adjacent area lakes.
5. The location and function
of State Highway 70.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
the Town
of
Washington
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Town of Washington
Development Regulations
A zoning ordinance consists of a map and a written text.
The zoning map arranges the community into districts or
zones...conservancy, agriculture, residential, commercial,
industrial, etc.
Within each of these districts, the text of the zoning ordinances
specifies the permitted land uses, the size of buildings, yard/lot
dimensions, and other prerequisites.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
the Town
of
Washington
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Town of Washington
The town and county should utilize it as a guide for reviewing
subdivision plats, certified survey maps, rezoning requests,
updating the town zoning map, and other land use proposals.
The town has many additional local ordinances that may affect
land use or have some regulatory impact on development.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
the Town
of
Washington
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The contemporary hybrid plan
Permit Analysis
The issuance of permits relate the incidence of
new housing starts, rezonings, or the number of
land transactions into activity trends that impact
the landscape.
the Town of Washington
An additional measure that assists in the
illustration of the growth in residential housing
and commercial development activity for the
Town is building permit activity.
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The contemporary hybrid plan
the Town
of
Washington
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Planning System and Land Use Planning
The horizontal
linkages
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Planning System and Land Use Planning
The vertical
linkages
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Planning System and Land Use Planning
LUP at different planning levels
Planning
Level
Objective of LUP
Responsibilities
Nation
· guidelines for policies on conservation and resources use;
· normative directives for the use of resources: legal framework
(land and planning rights);
· drafting national programs for the use and protection of land
resources (tropical forest action plan, desertification control
programs, investment guidelines);
· relevant ministries or technical
authorities and organisations;
· inter-ministerial committees.
Region/Distri
ct
· regulation of land use and of checking procedures;
· establishment of technical services;
· training for participants (capacity building);
· promoting dialogue;
·…
· political and administrative
committees;
· forum with responsibility for
application of guidelines;
· governmental and nongovernmental technical services.
Community/
Village
· conciliation of interests;
· offering solutions to problems, establishing institutions dealing
with LUP-issues;
· (if necessary based on a traditional system);
· decisions on the implementation of LUP;
· socially accepted committee;
· planning group as service unit of the
higher level (including local experts
and facilitators).
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